限時訓(xùn)練（六）I.閱讀理解A話題：項目介紹難度：★TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSincel923,theScholasticArt&WritingAwardshaverecognizedthevisionandtaientofAmericanyouths,andprovidedopportunitiesforcreativeteenstobecelebrated.Eachyear,increasingnumbersofteensparticipateintheprogram,andbecomeapartofourcommunity一youngartistsandwriters,fiImmakersandphotographers,videogameartistsandsciencefictionwriters一alongwithcountlesseducatorswhosupportandencouragethecreativeprocess.OurMissionTheScholasticArt&WritingAwardsarepresentedbytheAllianceforYoungArtists&Writers.TheAllianceisanonprofitorganizationwhosemissionistoidentifystudentswithexceptionalartisticandliterarytalentandpresenttheirremarkableworktotheworldthroughtheScho1asticArt&WritingAwards.StudentsacrossAmericasubmittednearly320,OOOoriginalworksduringour2016programyear.OurProgramsTeensingrades7?12frompublic,private,orhomeschoolscanchoose29categoriesofartandwritingfortheirchancetoearnscholarshipsandhavetheirworksexhibitedandpublished.DonationHundredsofgenerousindividuals,corporations,foundationsandorganizationsbandtogethertomaketheScholasticArt&WritingAwardspossibleyearafteryear.Weareextremelygratefultoallofyou!Ifyou'renotasupporter,pleasejoinus!Contributionsofanyamountaregreatlyappreciated,andgodirectlytowardsupportingprogramsandscholarshipsforstudentsandaretax-decluctible（免稅的）.語篇解讀文章介紹了ScholasticArt&WritingAwards的相關(guān)情況，旨在號召更多的人來資助這個項目。.Teenswhowanttoparticipateintheprogramshould.berecommendedbyoneofitsinfluentialcommunitymemberscreatetheirownworksbasedonaspecifiedrangeofcategoriespresentthemselvesasbeingfamiliarwiththemissionoftheAllianceD.provideevidencethattheirworkshavebeenexhibitedorpublishedbefore答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OurMission部分最后一句中的“originalworks”以及OurPrograms部分中的uTeensingrades7?12frompublic,private,orhomeschoolscanchoose29categoriesofartandwriting...”可矢口,ScholasticArt&WritingAwards的參賽者需要提供原創(chuàng)作品，而且應(yīng)屬于指定的29種藝術(shù)或?qū)懽鞣懂牎?Thepassageismainlyintendedto.encouragepeopletosubmitworkstotheScholasticArt&WritingAwardsshowtheScholasticArt&WritingAwards,achievementscallonpeopletosupporttheScholasticArt&WritingAwardsfinaneiallyshowthepopularityoftheScholasticArt&WritingAwardsamongAmericanteens答案C解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)Donation部分的內(nèi)容可知，作者寫作本文旨在號召更多的人加入資助ScholasticArt&WritingAwards的行列。B話題：語言難度：★★L(fēng)anguageswillcontinuetodiverge（分化）.EvenifEnglishweretobecometheuniversallanguage,itwouldsti11takemanydifferentforms.IndeedLhesamecouldhappentoEnglishashashappenedtoChinese:alanguageofintellectualswhichdoesn?tvaryhugelyalongsidealargenumberofvariantsusedbylocalpeople.Wcwillcontinuctotcachothcrlanguagcsinsomcforms，andnotjustforreasonsofpracticality.Learningalanguageisgoodforyourmentalhealth；itforcesyoutounderstandanotherculturalandintellectualsystem.SoIhopeBritisheducationwilldevelopamorerationalapproachtotheforeignlanguagesavailabletostudentsinlinewiththeirpoliticalimportance.Becausesomanypeoplebelieveit?snolongerimportanttoknowanotherlanguage,Ifearthattimedevotedtolanguageteachinginschoolsmaywellcontinuetodecline.Butyoucanarguethatlearninganotherlanguagewellismoredemandingthan,say,learningtoplaychesswell一itinvolvessensitivitytoasetofcomplicatedrules,andalsotocontext.Technologywillcertainlymakeadifferencetotheuseofforeignlanguages.Computersmay,forinstance,alleviatethedrudgery（單調(diào)乏味的工作）thatavasttranslationrepresents.Butnoonewhohasseenacomputertranslationwillthinkitcanreplaceknowledgeofthedifferentlanguages.Amachinewillalwaysbebehindthetimes.Stillmoreimportantisthefactthatnocomputerwillevergetattheassociationsbeyondthewordsassociationsthatmaynotbeexpressedbutwhichcarrymuchofthemeaning.InlanguageslikeArabic,contextisveryimportant.Languagescomewithheavyculturalbaggagetoo一inFrenchorGermanifyoumissedtheculturalreferencesbehindaword,you'reverylikelytobemissingthemeaning.Itwi1Ibeveryhardtoteachal1thosethingstoacomputer.AllthepredictionsarethatEnglishwillbespokenbyadecliningproportionoftheworld'spopulationinthe21stcentury.Idon'tthinkforeignlanguageswillreallybecomelessimportant,buttheymightbeperceivedtobe-andthatwouldintheendbeaverybadthing.語篇解讀本文作者主要論述了繼續(xù)教授和學(xué)習(xí)外語的必要性廠Whatstheauthor,spurposeofquotingsomeone'sargumentinParagraph2?A.Toshowlearninglanguagesistime-consuming.B.Toshowlanguageteachingmethodsneedimproving.Toexplaintheimportanceofrulesandcontextinlanguagelearning.Torevealthesimilaritiesbetweenlearninglanguageandplayingchess.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“???Ifearthattimedevotedtolanguageteaching...asetofcomplicatedrules,andalsotocontext."可知，有人認為學(xué)習(xí)語言比學(xué)下象棋更費勁，因為語言要求人們對復(fù)雜的規(guī)則和語境具有一定的敏感性，這就決定了人們需要付出更多的時間來學(xué)習(xí)語言。4.Arabic,FrenchandGermanarementionedinParagraph3toindicatethat.A.theyaremoredifficultthanEnglishB.theyappeartobegaininginpopularityC.computerscannottellmeaningsbeyondwordsD.everybodyhasaccesstothemthankstotechnology答案C解析推理判斷題。通讀第三段的內(nèi)容可知，文中以阿拉伯語、法語和德語為例是為了說明語言承載的很多文化信息是計算機翻譯所不能傳遞的。5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theauthormightagreethat.EnglishwilIbespokenbyfewerpeopleinthe21stcenturythe21stcenturywillwitnessthedeclineoftheworld,spopulationC.peop1eshou1drealizetheimportanceoflearningforeignlanguagesD.thedeclineoftheworld,spopulationleadstothatofforeignlanguages答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的uIdon'tthinkforeignlanguageswillreallybecomelessimportant”可知，作者認為外語很重要，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到學(xué)習(xí)外語的重要性。C話題：酶難度：★★TOC\o"1-5"\h\zChemistshavespedupevolution,harnessingaprocessthatcantakemillionsofyearsinthenaturalworldandusingit一inmonthsorweeks一tomakeunusualmolecules（分子）thattodayareusedforeverythingfrom^green^biofuels（生物燃料）tocancerdrugs.TodaythatspeedandefficiencywasrewardedwiththeNobelPrizeinChemistryFrancesII.Arnoldwonhalfofthe2018prizefordirectingevolutioninatesttube,speedingupthenaturalselectionofthemostproductiveenzymes（酶）todrivechemicalreactions.TheotherhalfoftheprizewenttoGeorgeP.SmithandSirGregoryP.Winter.AllthrccscicntiststookCharlcsDarwin,sidcaofnaturalsclcction，inwhichmoleculesororganismsaccumulatemutations（突變）inaslow,randomprocess,andfiguredoutwaystoidentifyandselectspecificmutationsthatimprovetheabilityofmoleculessuchasproteinsandenzymes.Bypickingandchoosingenzymeswithimprovedabilitiesandrepeatedlyrefiningthem,Arnoldendedupwithonethatperformed256timesbetterthantheoriginal.^Thiswasarevolutionbasedonevolution,“saysClaesGustafsson,amemberoftheNobelCommitteeforCheniistry.^Nowyoucanusetheseenzymestospeedupreactionandtoreplacepoisonouschemicals.”Arnoldbeganherlineofresearchintheearly1990s.Inaspeechseveralyearsago，shesaidthenotionofimprovingonthenaturalcourseofevolutionwasanideathatneededtocomefromanoutsider.uTwenty-fiveyearsagoitwasconsideredthelunaticfringe（狂熱者,極或帝分子）,“Arnoldsaidin2014.“Scientistsdidn'tdothat.Gentlemendidn,tdothat.Butsincel'manengineerandnotagentleman,Ihadnoproblemwiththat.”Smith'sresearch,beguninthel980s,usedabacteriophage（噬菌體）,Genescodeforproteins,andSmithgothisphagestodisplaythoseproteinsontheiroutercoats.Hethenusedantibodiestofishouttheproteinshewasinterestedin.Thisprocessiscalledphagedisplay.Theabilitytoselectspecificproteins,cycletheirgenesbackthroughthephage,andagainfishoutthebestonesspedupnaturalselection.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWinterputthegenesforantibodiesinsidephages,gotthephagestoproduceantibodiesontheircoats,andusedasmallmoleculetofishoutonlyantibodiesthathadaparticularkindofbindingsite（結(jié)合部位），soWinterhaddevelopedawayofproducinghighlyefficientantibodiesinashortperiodoftime.Becauseofthis,Claessays,uNowecanuseantibodydrugswithgreaterefficiencyandfewersideeffects."0fthel5most-solddrugsontheplanet,shesays,llarenowmadebyprocessesbasedonthismethod.語篇解讀本文是一篇科普說明文，主要介紹了Arnold取得了關(guān)于酶的研究性突破并獲得了諾貝爾獎，同時介紹了Arnold所進行的生物酶研究方面的信息。WhydoestheNobelPrizeinChemistrygotoFrancesILArnold?A.ShcfollowcdCharlcsDarwin,sidcaofnaturalselection.B.Shefoundwaystousevirusestoproducepowerfulproteins.Shedevelopedawayofproducinghighlyefficientantibodies.Shedirectedevolutionandacceleratedthenaturalseiectionofenzymes.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。通過第二段第一句FrancesII.Arnoldwonhalfofthe2018prizefordirectingevolutioninatesttube,speedingupthenaturalselectionofthemostproductiveenzymes（酶）todrivechemicalreactions.v可知，Arnold因為在酶的自然選擇上的研究突破而獲得諾貝爾獎，故選D項。7.Whatdoestheunder1inedsentenceinParagraph5imply?A.Shewasregardedasalunaticfringe.B.Shedaredtobreakthroughconventionalidea.C.Shetookadvantageofhergender（'性另U）.D.Shewassupportedbyotherscientists.答案B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)前文uScientistsdidn,tdothat.Gent1emendidn?tdothat.“可知，她說科學(xué)家們不做突破，紳士們不做突破，然而她是一名工程師而不是一位紳士，所以她不用擔(dān)心這個。又由前面的fringe可以看出她敢于突破傳統(tǒng)觀念，故選B項。WhatattitudedoesClaesGustafssonholdtowardstheuseofantibodydrugs?A.Critical.B.Ambiguous.C.Casual.D.Favorable.答案D解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句可知，她認為現(xiàn)在的抗體藥物很高效、副作用也不大,在世界上最暢銷的15種藥物中有11種是用這種方法生產(chǎn)的。這表明她持支持的態(tài)度。故選D項。What,sthebesttitleforthcpassage?A.RevolutioninEvolutionWins2018NobelPrizeinChemistryB.ThreeScientistsSpeedinguptheNaturalSelectionoftheWorldC.CharlesDarwin,sldeaofNaturalSelectionBecomingOutdatedD.ScientistsFindingaNewMethodforWrestingwithCancer答案A解析標題歸納題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了Arnold取得了關(guān)于酶的研究性突破并獲得了諾貝爾獎，同時介紹了Arnold所進行的生物酶研究方面的信息。故選A項。H.任務(wù)型閱讀話題：教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗難度：★★★EducationorExperienceIfyouweregivenachoicebetweentwocandidates一onewithafewyearsofindustryexperienceandtheotherwithexcellentqualificationsbutno“realworld”training一whowouldyouchoose?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThere?snotanyeasyanswertothisquestion.ThosewhothinkeducationhaslittleconnectionwithsuccessnevertireofthrowingoutthenamesoffamousuniversitydropoutslikeBi1IGatesandSteveJobstowintheirargument,whilethesupportersofacollegeeducationrepeatstatisticafterstatistictoproveitsimpactonperson'semployability（就業(yè)能力）andearnings.Whilesomeonewithexperiencebutnoformaldegreemaybefavoredforcertainjobs,heorshemayfindhimselforherselfreachingasaturationpoint（飽和狀態(tài)）inhisorhercareerearlierandmaystruggletoadvanceprofessionallybecausethepersonisnotconsideredadequatelyqualified.Ontheotherhand,acollegegraduatewiththebesteducationandbooksmartsmaybecompletelyatseawhenitcomestodealingwithreal-worldworksituationsifthegraduatehasnoearlierindustryexperienceCompaniesaregettingmoreandmorecompetitivewitheachpassingday.Employersneitherhavethemoneynorthewillingnesstomakehugeinvestmentsindevelopingrawtalent.Theyaremoreinterestedinacquiringtalentedcandidateswithprovedability,andtheylookforacompletepackageatthetimeofhiring.That'swhysomeonewhohassolideducationaldiplomasaswellasreal-worldexperiencestandsabetterchanceofmakingthecut.Withtherightcombinationofasuccessfulacademiccareerandrelativeexperienceinyourfield,youcouldbegivingyourselfalegupagainstthecompetition.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zCompaniesarenotjusthiringwiththeaimtofillthecurrentposition,buthaveaneyeonthefuture.Ifyouhavenotalreadyshowedthatyouhavethepotentialtogrowithajob,theymayverywellpassyouupforanothercandidatewhohasshownthatpromise.Inshort,theyseeapersonwhohasshowedthatheorshecanriseuptheranksandcanbetrustedwithmoreresponsibleroles.Theprocessofgainingexperiencehastostartsomewhere.Asafreshgraduateplayingthefield,youcanwaitforsomeonetogiveyouthatfirstchance一oryoucanworktowardgettingyourhandsdirtywithsomereal-worldexperiencebeforeyoueverfinishyourformaleducation.Thereareseveralwaysofdoingit:internships（實習(xí)），co-operativeworkplacements,industrialtrainings,apprenticeshipsandmore.EducationorExperienceWhyisit10.tochoosecandidates?Whichoneisrequired,educationorexperience?WhyiseduWhyisit10.tochoosecandidates?Whichoneisrequired,educationorexperience?Whyiseducationimportant?18.canyoubecomeexperienced?Wecan'111.settlethedebatebetweenexperienceandqualifications.Thesupportersofexperiencethinkeducationdoesn'thavemuch12.onsuccess.Althoughsomeonewithexperiencecanpossiblyfindcertainjobs,heneedstobecomeaprofessionalby13..Onlythepersonwithbothdiplomaandexperiencehasabetterchanceto14.it.Asuccessfulacademiccareerandrelativeexperiencewillhelpyoubetter15..Companiesjusthirewhoeverhasthe16.orpromiseinthefuture.Apersonwitheducationcanbe17.andtrustedinmorepositions.Youcangetexperienceeitherbywaitingorby19..Therearemoreways,forexample,internshipsandindustrialtrainingsofgettingexperience.語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文?！敖逃尘啊焙汀肮ぷ鹘?jīng)驗”在人才任用中哪個更重要？這可不是一個容易回答的問題。對此，文中結(jié)合社會實際，有理有據(jù)地分析了各自的優(yōu)劣，進行了鞭辟入里的論述，并提出了解決問題的建議和辦法。.答案difficult/hard解析右表內(nèi)容有關(guān)“難以決定是教育背景還是工作經(jīng)驗重要”，即如何選擇任用人才確實很難。.答案easily解析根據(jù)第一段第二句"There'snotanyeasyanswertothisquestion.可知，究竟教育背景與工作經(jīng)驗之間哪個更重要，這是個非常不容易回答的問題。即我們不能容易地解決這個爭論。.答案effect/influence/impact解析根據(jù)第一段第三句中的^ThosewhothinkeducationhaslittleconnectionwithsuccessnevertireofthrowingoutthenamesoffamousuniversitydropoutslikeBillGatesandSteveJ