動詞的時態(tài)初中英語語法

動詞的時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)歌謠一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞用原型；一般時單數(shù)三人稱，動詞加“s”。一般過去時，動詞加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.現(xiàn)在進行時,進行時例句：Iamworking.過去進行時,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。例句：Iwasworking.將來時一般將來時，would加原型。過去將來時，will加原型。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.完成時現(xiàn)在完成時，have/has加過分。Ihaveworked.過去完成時，had加過分。Ihadworked.各種時態(tài)的用法一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.用法：A.現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性習慣性的動作或狀態(tài) B.客觀事實和真理。2.標志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Theteachertoldmelight______(travel)s

在時間（when、while，assoonas,until,after等）、條件（if如果，unless）等狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時表將來，即主將從現(xiàn)或主祈從現(xiàn)。

1.--Mum,_______shallwehavelunch?--Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad_________.when;returns

B.where;returns

C.where;willreturn

D.when;willreturn2.--TomorrowwillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?--Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe_______up.willwake

B.iswaking

C.wakes

D.woke4.--Let'sgofishingifit_______thisweekend.--Butnobodyknowsifit_______.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rains

C.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain二、一般過去時1.用法：過去的動作或狀態(tài)。2.標志詞：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast；justnow=amomentago點擊中考LiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?A.couldn’theB.couldheC.didn’theD.didheSimon___hisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.

A.burnt

B.wasburning

C.hasburnt

D.hadburnt2.--I'msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It___fiveminutesago.

--Whatapity!

A.wasleaving

B.hasleft

C.left

D.leaves

3.--Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.--Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____

it?doyoufind

B.haveyoufound

C.didyoufind

D.wereyoufinding三、現(xiàn)在進行時1.用法：A.現(xiàn)刻動作：目前正在發(fā)生的動作。B.現(xiàn)階段動作：目前一個時期一直在進行的動作，此刻不一定在進行。2.標志詞：now,rightnow,atonce,atpresent,atthemoment;Look!Listen!中考模擬：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplaying1.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.arework B.areworked C.work D.areworkingA.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;get B.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswatering B.watering C.waters D.iswatered注意A.有幾個瞬間動詞可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcome B.come C.amcoming D.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leaveTheboy____always____us!(夸贊)A.is;helping B.does;helpC.can;help D./;helpB.現(xiàn)在進行時和always連用，表示說話人較強烈的感情色彩。You____always_____thesamemistake!(責備)A.do;make B.does;makeC.is;making D.are;making四、過去進行時1.用法：過去某時正在進行的動作。2.標志詞：atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when…1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked，went B.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoing D.waspicking，wasgoing當過去某一件事情發(fā)生時，另外一個動作正在進行。此時，延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時，瞬間動詞用一般過去時。

TheearthquakestartedwhileIwasdoingsomeshopping.

【中考鏈接】1.--Icametoyourhomeyesterdayafternoon,butnobodywasin.--Oh,we_______someshoppinginthesupermarket.（2007年南通）AhavedoneB.didC.weredoingD.aredoing2.--Whatdoyouthinkofthecolorofmynewdress?--Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_________aboutsomethingelse.（2007年揚州）AthinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking

3.I_____myhomeworkwhilemyparents_______TVA.did;havewatchedB.wasdoing;werewatchingC.haddone;werewatchingD.woulddo;werewatching4Thedoorbell____(ring)whilemyparentswerewatchingTVlastnight.rang五、一般將來時1.用法：將來的動作或狀態(tài)。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：willshallbegoingto

3.標志詞：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)（第一人稱）4.shall/will/begoingto之間的區(qū)別：

計劃決定要做某事(近期)，一般用begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)。shall往往用于第一人稱疑問句,will可用于任何人稱。will常用于表邀請或命令,帶有意愿色彩。臨時決定做某事，可指遙遠的將來。1.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.arego D.went---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.are B.shall C.would D.will3.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left六、過去將來時1.用法：從過去看將要發(fā)生的動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：wouldwas/weregoingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goes B.willgo C.wouldgo D.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studies B.isstudying C.willstudy D.wouldstudy試題：1.用法： 12七、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去現(xiàn)在影響：作業(yè)都做完了，我能出去玩會兒嗎？這該死的！我都等了一個小時了，他怎么還不來？過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。I

havefinished

myhomework.

過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！2.標志詞：

already（肯定句）,just,yet（否定，疑問句）,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+時間點,for+時間段3.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的異同點： 共同點：動作都在過去。

不同點：和現(xiàn)在有無關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去動作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的動作用一般過去。)4.易錯點：121havegoneto+地點,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人稱。）TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)havebeento+地點,表示“去過某地”。（人已回）IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地點+時間段,表示“在/來某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)25.瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞若句中出現(xiàn)時間段，則必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下：begin/startbeongotherebethereleavebeawaygethomebehomediebedeadopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedgettoknowknowgetmarriedbemarriedborrowkeepcomeherebeherebuyhave1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad1.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrived B.movedC.come D.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbe B.was C.am D.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.A.lost B.havelost C.willlostD.didn’tlost八、過去完成時1.用法：發(fā)生在過去的過去的動作。

They

hadgotmarried

whenhecameback.

gotmarriedcameback現(xiàn)在過去過去的過去我來晚了！沒希望了！終于結(jié)婚了！好幸福呀！現(xiàn)在完成時2.標志詞：bytheendof…,bythetime…,when+一般過去時過去完成時是一種相對存在的時態(tài)，判定時必須根據(jù)上下文找到一個可以作為參照點的過去時間，在此參照點前發(fā)生的動作都可以用過去完成時。注意：1.We____learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finished B.havefinished C.hadfinished D.finish2.Thetrain____whenwegottothestation.A.leaves B.haveleft C.wereleaving D.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson____supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascooked D.wascooking中考鏈接（2015河北）31.I_________theshops.CanIgetyouanything?A.gotoB.wenttoC.havegonetoD.amgoingto32.Paulaispleasedthatshe_________herlostwatch.A.findsB.foundC.hasfoundD.willfind36.Grace_________thisgameeverytimeweplay.A.winsB.wonC.willwinD.haswon37.IsawJeffinthepark.He_________onthegrassandreadingabook.A.sitsB.satC.issittingD.wassitting時態(tài)綜合試題1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered，went B.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoing D.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_________supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washaving C.hadeatenD.haseaten6.There_________twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave7.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came8.--Katelikeseatingchocolate.--____.Look,sheiseating.(A.SoLucydoes B.SodoesLucy C.Sotheydo D.Sodothey9.Kate_________tobeduntilhermother_________back.A.won'tgo,come B.hadn'tgone,cameC.went,came D.didn'tgo,came10.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave11.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find12.--____totheUnitedStates?--No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.Haveyoubeen B.HaveyougoneC.Didyougo D.Haveyouwent13.Themanwholivedontheislandthoughthe___never____.A.will;found B.would;befound C.is;found B.had;beenfound14.--Idon’tknowifhisuncle____.--Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train.A.willcome;comes B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes D.comes;willcome15.--Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,__?--No,shegotuptoolate.A.hadshe B.hadn’tshe C.didshe D.didn’tshe16.Theflowers____wellifthey____.A.won’tgrow;don’ttakegoodcareofB.don’tgrow;aretakengoodcareofC.won’tgrow;arenottakencareofD.don’tgrow;don’ttakecareof17.--Hurryup!It’stimetoleave.--OK,____.A.I’mcoming B.I’llcome C.I’vecome D.Icome18.There____anEnglisheveningnextTuesday.A.was B.willbe C.willhave D.aregoingtobe19.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei,I____itfortwoweeks.A.keep B.borrowed C.havekept D.havelent20.--When__thiskindofcomputer__?--Lastyear.)A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used21.--Jerry,____you____yourlostbook?--Notyet.A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find22.--Don’tforgettopostthisletterforme,please!--No,I____.A.don’t B.won’t C.mustn’t D.can’t23.Doyouknowif____backnextweek?Ifhe____back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcome B.willhecome;comesC.hewillcome;comes D.willhecome,willcomeManythanks!動詞基本形式

（原形，三單，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去時和過去分詞）1三單情況

變化規(guī)則

例詞

一般

加-sreads,writes,says以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的詞

加-esteaches,washes,guesses,goes以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾

變y為I,再加-estry-triescarry-carriescry-cries不規(guī)則變化

have---has讀音規(guī)則

一般情況下讀/z/在清輔音/p//k//t//f/后讀/s/如stops,looks在/s//z//t?