LosAngelesWorldAirports

AircraftSurface

MovementProgram洛杉磯國際機場航空器地面活動運行程序IntroductionTo

AircraftSurfaceMovementProgramAnypersonwhotaxis,tows,communicatesonaviationVHFfrequencies,orisotherwiseinvolvedinthemovementofaircraftatLAXmustsuccessfullycompletetheAircraftSurfaceMovementProgram.Classlength:3hoursTest:30questionmultiplechoiceminimumpassingscoreis90%

Allpersonswhosuccessfullycompletethisprogramwillberebadged.ThereplacementbadgewillincludetheAircraftMovementIcon.IntroductionTo

AircraftSurfaceMovementProgramIntroductionTo

AircraftSurfaceMovementUNTILFURTHERNOTICE:LAWAAIRFIELDOPERATIONSESCORTISREQUIREDFORALLAIRCRAFTSURFACEMOVEMENTOPERATIONSBYNON-FLIGHTCREWPERSONNEL,INVOLVINGTHECROSSINGOFANYRUNWAYATLAXTrainingGoals1. Topreventincursionson movementareas2. Toprovidefamiliarizationwith airfieldlayout,signs,markings, andlighting3. Tohelpstandardizeradio communicationandAirTraffic ControlproceduresAircraftSurfaceMovementProgramSECTION1: LAXAirfieldFamiliarizationSECTION2: AirfieldSigns,Surface Markings,andLightingSECTION3: AirTrafficControlProcedures, Instructions,andRadio Phraseology“Anyoccurrenceatanairportinvolvinganaircraft,vehicle,person,orobjectonthegroundthatcreatesacollisionhazard orresultsinlossofseparationwithanaircrafttakingofforintendingtotakeoff,landingorintendingtoland.”RunwayIncursionsTheFAAdefinesaRunwayIncursionas:LAXAirfieldFamiliarizationMovementAreasconsistofrunways,taxiways,taxilanesandotherareasofanairportwhichareusedfortaxiing,takeoff,andlandingofaircraft.Section

1LAXAirfieldFamiliarizationRectangular-shaped,pavedsurfacesonanairport,designedforthelandingortakeoffofairplanes.RunwaysRunwayDesignationsBasedonarunway’smagneticheading,usingthe360degreecompasssystemRunwaysmaybeusedintwooppositedirectionsAllrunwayshaveTWOrunwaydesignationsRunwayDesignationsThepicturedrunwayisorientedinthenorth-southdirectionThepicturedrunwaywouldbedesignatedRunway18/36RunwayDesignationsWhatisthemagneticalignmentofthepicturedrunway?Whatistherunwaydesignation?RunwayDesignationsWhatisthemagneticalignmentofthepicturedrunway?Whatistherunwaydesignation?LAXRunwayLayoutParallelRunwayConfigurationSouthComplexRunway25R/7LRunway25L/7RLAXRunwayLayoutNorthComplexRunway24R/6LRunway24L/6RTaxiwaysApavedsurfacedesignedforthemovementofaircraftfromonepartoftheairporttoanotherTaxiwaysTaxiwayDesignationLettersLettersandNumbersTypesofTaxiwaysParallelTaxiwaysNorth-SouthTaxiwaysConnectorTaxiwaysTaxilanesBi-passTaxiwaysLAXTaxiwayConfigurationFiveParallelTaxiwaysABCDELAXTaxiwayConfigurationThreeNorth-SouthTaxiwaysAASQConnectortaxiwaysareusedbyaircrafttotaxifromonemovementareatoanother.

LAXTaxiwayConfigurationToReview,LAXhasFourRunwaysFiveParallelTaxiwaysThreeNorth-SouthTaxiwaysApavedsurfaceusedforaccessbetweentaxiwaysandRamp(gate)areasTaxilanes(Alleys/Alleyways)Taxilanes(Alleys/Alleyways)MethodologyofTaxilaneDesignationsA1A2C6C7C8C9C10D10D9D8D7C1B1C2C3C4C5Ramp/ApronAreasRamp/ApronAreasconsistofthefollowing:MaintenanceAreasTerminalGatesCargo/FreightParkingGatesRamp/ApronAreasRampsandApronsareaircraftparkingareasdesignedforthepurposeofloading/unloadingorservicingofaircraftRampsandApronsarenon-movementareasRamp/ApronareasarenotcontrolledbyFAAAirTrafficControlRamp/ApronAreasGateareasofterminalbuildingsareanexampleofaRamp/ApronAreaWingClearanceLines

RunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingRunwaysurfacemarkingsarewhiteSection

2RunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingTherunwaycenterlineisabrokenwhitestripewhichindicatesthecenteroftherunwayandprovidesalignmentguidanceforaircraft.RunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingTherunwayedge-lineisanunbrokenwhitestripeindicatingtheedgesoftherunway,andtheedgesofthefull-strengthpavement.RunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingRunwaythresholdmarkingsidentifythebeginningoftherunwaywhichisavailableforlanding.RunwayLightingRunwaylightingiswhiteincolorElevatededge-lightsidentifytherunwayedgesduring adversevisibilityconditions

Runwayedge-lightsidentifythesidesoftherunwayRunwaylightingiswhiteincolorRunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingRunwaylightingiswhiteincolorIn-pavementRunwayCenterlineLightsidentifytherunwaycenterlineduringadversevisibilityconditionsRunwaySurface

MarkingsAndLightingRunwaylightingiswhiteincolorTouchdownZoneLightsindicatethefirst3,000feetoftherunway,beginningatthethresholdTaxiwaySurfaceMarkingsALLtaxiwaysurfacemarkingsareyellow.Taxiwaycenterlinemarkingsindicatethecenterofthetaxiway.TaxiwaySurfaceMarkingsALLtaxiwaysurfacemarkingsareyellow.

Doubleyellowtaxiwayedge-linesindicatetheedgesofthetaxiwayaswellastheedgeoffull-strengthpavementTaxiwaySurfaceMarkingsALLtaxiwaysurfacemarkingsareyellow.

TaxiwayShoulderMarkingsconsistoftransversestripesextendingfromthetaxiwayedgemarkingsintopavedareaswhicharenotintendedforaircraftuseNote:AtLAX,pavedareaswhichareunsuitableforaircraftmaybepaintedgreen.TaxiwaySurfaceMarkingsHoldLinesarelocatedontaxiwayswhichintersectrunwaysAllaircraftandvehiclesmustholdshortoftherunwayattheholdline.HoldLinesarelocatedattheintersectionofataxiwayandarunway.Aircraft/vehiclesmustholdonthesolidsideoftheholdline.TaxiwaySurfaceMarkingsTaxiwayLightingTaxiwayedge-lightsareblueincolorTaxiwayedgelightingidentifiestheedgeofataxiwayduringperiodsofdarknessorreducedvisibility.

TaxiwayLighting

In-pavementTaxiwaycenterlinelightsaregreenincolor

TaxiwayLighting

In-pavementtaxiwaycenterlinelightsidentifythetaxiwaycenterlineduringperiodsofdarknessorreducedvisibilityTaxiwayLightingElevatedRunwayGuardLightsconsistoftwoalternating,flashingyellowlightsTwoTypes:ElevatedandIn-PavementRunwayGuardLightsTaxiwayLightingIn-pavementRunwayGuardLightsconsistofflashingyellowlights,whichextendacrossthetaxiway,paralleltotheholdlineRunwayGuardLightsTaxiwayLightingIn-pavementRunwayGuardLightsExtendacrossholdline

Taxilane

SurfaceMarkingsTaxilaneshaveeithersolidwhiteoryellowlead-inlines

Ramp/ApronAreaSurfaceMarkingsWing-clearancelinesarewhiteorred.

Taxilane

SurfaceMarkingsMiscellaneousTaxiwaymarkingsFivetypesofairfieldsignage:AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsMandatoryInstructionSignLocationSignDirectionSignB25L-7RACheckpoint3MILInformationSignDestinationSignAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsSurfacepaintedsignscorrespondtomountedsigns

AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkings ItIsMANDATORYThatYouReceiveINSTRUCTIONSFromFAAAirTrafficControl,BeforePassingANYMandatoryInstructionSignMandatoryInstructionSignsareusuallyco-locatedwithTaxiwayLocationSignsAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsMandatoryInstructionSignsRunway7R-25LReviewofRunway7R/25LMandatorySignsEastEndofRunwayMidfieldLocationsWestEndofRunwayAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsMandatoryInstructionSignsRunway7L-25RReviewofRunway25R/7LMandatorySignsEastEndofRunwayMidfieldLocationsWestEndofRunwayAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsMandatoryInstructionSignsRunway6R-24LInstrumentLandingSystem(ILS)CriticalAreaMandatoryInstructionSignsAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsLAWAAirfieldOperationsescortiscurrentlyrequiredforALLAircraftSurfaceMovementOperations,conductedbynonflight-crewpersonnel,whichinvolvethecrossingofrunwaysatLAXAnyaircraftoperatorwhoisConfrontedwithaMandatoryInstructionSignMUSTconductanyoperationinstrictaccordancewithinstructionsfromFAAAirTrafficControl

FailuretocomplywiththeseproceduresmayresultinaRunwayIncursion,aircraftcollisionand/orlossofairfielddrivingprivilegesTaxiwayLocationSignshaveablackbackgroundwithyellowinscriptionsAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsTaxiwayDirectionSignshaveayellowbackgroundwithblackinscriptionsandarrows.AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsTaxiwayLocationSignsareoftenco-locatedwithTaxiwayDirectionSigns.AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsAirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsInformationsignshaveayellowbackgroundwithblackinscriptions.Thistypeofsigndisplaysadvisoryinformation.AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsDestinationSignshaveayellowbackgroundwithblackinscriptionsandarrowspointinginthegeneraldirectionofaspecificlocationontheairfield.AirfieldSignsandSurfaceMarkingsTaxiwayholdmarkingsarelocatedwheretwotaxiwaysintersect.Restricted/ClosedAreasCertaintypesofoperationsoraircraftmaynotuseaRestrictedArea.NoaircraftoperationsmaybeconductedinaClosedArea.Restricted/ClosedAreasRestricted/ClosedAreasaremarkedwithorangecones,delineators,and/orstandingredlightsplacedalongtheperimeterofthearea.Restricted/ClosedAreasAircraftinadvertentlyproceedingintoaclosedorrestrictedareamayresultinlossoflifeandsubstantialpropertydamage.ReviewofTaxiway/RunwayIntersectionMarkings,SignsandLightingAirTrafficControlProcedures,Instructions,andPhraseologyTransmittingonAviationVHFRadio

Section

31. Verifycorrectfrequency2. Brieflymonitortomakesurefrequencyisclear3.CheckpositionoftransmitterselectorAirTrafficControlProcedures,Instructions,andPhraseologySection

3Who

youareAircrafttypewingspanWhere

youareontheairport

What

youarerequesting,orintendingtodoHowyou’regoingtodoit4.Communicateclearlyandconcisely:PhraseologyUsecorrectaviationphraseologytotransmitmessageswhichareclearandconciseAcknowledge-LetmeknowthatyouhavereceivedmymessageAdviseIntentions-TellmewhatyouplantodoAffirmative-YesPhraseologyConfirm-Myversionis…isthatcorrect?Correction-AnerrorhasbeenmadeinthetransmissionandthecorrectversionfollowsGoAhead-Proceedwithyourmessage.Nottobeusedforanyotherpurpose.Hold-StopwhereyouareHoldShortOf…-Proceedto,butstopbeforereachingaspecificpointPhraseologyNegative-“No,”or“Permissionnotgranted,”or“Thatisnotcorrect”Proceed-Youareauthorizedtobeginorcontinuemoving

ReadBack-Repeatmymessagebacktome

Roger-Ihavereceivedallofyourlasttransmission.(Itshouldnotbeusedtoansweraquestionrequiringayesornoanswer)

PhraseologySayAgain-Usedtorequestarepeatofthelasttransmission.Usuallyspecifiestransmissionorportionthereofnotunderstoodorreceived

StandBy-Meansthecontrollerorpilotmustpauseforafewseconds,usuallytoattendtootherdutiesofahigherpriority.Ifthedelayislengthy,thecallershouldreestablishcontact.PhraseologyTaxiTo…-Taxitoanairportlocation.Thisinstructionisnotaclearancetotaxionoracrossthereferencedairportlocation.Unable-Indicatesinabilitytocomplywithaspecificinstruction,requestorclearanceVerify-Requestconfirmationofinformation,forexample,“Verifyclearedtocrossrunwaytwofiveright.”Wilco-Ihavereceivedyourmessage,understandit,andwillcomplywithitPhoneticAlphabetAstandardizedaviationphoneticalphabethasbeenadoptedbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)andisusedbyAirTrafficControllersworldwide.PhoneticAlphabetCrossingRunways1.InitialcalltoGroundControl2.Whenholdingatspecifiedtaxi position,groundcontrolinstructs aircrafttocontactTower3.TowerControlInstructions Holdshort Crossbothrunways Crossone,holdshortofthe otherLAXAirTrafficControlVHFRadioFrequenciesAutomaticTerminalInformationService 133.80GroundControl-NorthComplex 121.65GroundControl-SouthComplex 121.75Tower-NorthComplex 133.90Tower-SouthComplex 120.95Metering 120.35LAXAirlineOperatedRampTowerVHFRadioFrequenciesAlaskaRampTower(TaxilaneD-10) 130.85