培根筑基10■?課下全面練必修第二冊UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSI.閱讀理解A[2022??？谑懈呖颊{研考試]Enjoyamazing360-degreeviewsoverLondonfromtheLondonEye,arotating（旋轉的）observationwheelwhichis135metershigh.Spotsomeofthecapital'smostfamouslandmarks,includingBigBen,theHousesofParliamentandBuckinghamPalace.HowlongdoesittaketogetroundtheLondonEye?Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon.Youcanskipmostofthequeueswithafast-trackticket.WhereistheLondonEyeandhowdoIgetthere?TheLondonEyeislocatedontheSouthBankoftheRiverThames.ThenearestlubestationisWaterloo,butCharingCross,WestminsterandEmbankmentarealsoashortwalkaway.SeveralbusroutesstopneartheLondonEye.HowtobookLondonEyetickets?TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit.PricesChildticket:From￡23.00perticket.Adultticket:From￡28.00perticket.Childrenunderthreeyearsoldenterfree.OpeninghoursTheLondonEyeopeningtimevariesthroughouttheyear.Typicallytheattractionopensat10am.andclosesbetween6pmand8：30pm.Makesureyoucheckitbeforeyourvisittogetthebestexperience.ImportantinformationWeencourageyoutoarriveattheattractionasearlyaspossible,inordertoallowmoretimeforsecuritychecks.PleasenoteitemsthatCANandCANNOTsaidonboard.WhatdoweknowabouttheLondonEye?Ithasfixedopeninghours.Noqueuingisneededtotakeit.Arideonitlakesabouthalfanhour.ItliessomedistanceawayfromWaterloo.WhatisamusttopayavisittotheLondonEye?Bookingticketsonlineinadvance.Takingnoitemsonboard.Beingaccompaniedbyanadult.Arrivingattheattractionahead.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeirsonaged5anddaughteraged2paytovisittheLondonEye?A.Atleast￡56.B.Atleast￡74.C.Atleast￡79.D.Atleast￡102.BAsapopularsubjectofstudyamongevolutionaryecologists,thethree-spinedstickleback（三刺魚）isknownfortheirdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviours—theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Butwhatmakesthat?Theresearcherstrackedsixpopulationsofthefishbeforeandafterseasonalchangestotheirenvironment,usinggenomesequencing（基因組測序）.Seasonalchangesresultingreatchangesinhabitatstructureandbalanceofsaltandfreshwater,andonlythosefishabletotoleratetheserapidchangessurviveintothenextseason.“Thesechangesprobablyresemblethehabitatshiftsexperiencedbysticklebackpopulationsduringthepast10,000years,“saysProfessorBarrett."Wehopetogaininsightintothegeneticchangesthatmayhaveresultedfromnaturalselectionlonginthepast.”Remarkably,theresearchersdiscoveredtheevidenceofgeneticchangesdrivenbytheseasonalshiftsinhabitats,whichmirroredthedifferencesfoundbetweenlong-establishedfreshwaterandsaltwaterpopulations.“Thesegeneticchangesoccurredinindependentpopulationsoverasingleseason,highlightingjusthowquicklytheeffectsofnaturalselectioncanbedetected,MsaysProfessorBarrett,4ithefindingssuggestthatwemaybeabletousethegeneticdifferencestopredicthowpopulationsmayadapttothecnvironmcnt.^^Theresearchemphasizestheimportanceofstudyingspeciesindynamicenvironmentstogainabetterunderstandingofhownaturalselectionoperates.Inthefurtherresearch,theyplantoinvestigatehowrepeatabletheobservedgeneticchangesare,bytestingwhethertheyshowupyearafteryear.Doingsowoulddemonstratetheirabilitytoreliablyforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulations.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that"refertoinParagraph1?Thethree-spinedsticklebackisunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Thethree-spinedsticklebackispopularwithevolutionaryecologists.Thethree-spinedsticklebackcanadapttodifferentlivingconditions.Thethree-spinedsticklebackhasdifferentshapes,size,andbehaviours.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?Thedifficultiesoftheresearch.Thepurposeoftheresearch.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.Themethodsoftheresearch.Whatisthemainreasonforthethree-spinedstickleback'ssurvival?Habitatshifts.Geneticchanges.Seasonalchanges.Independentpopulations.Whywillscientistsstudytherepetitionofthegeneticchanges?Toknowwhatnaturalselectionis.Tostudyspeciesindynamicenvironments.Totestthereliabilityofthepresentdiscoveries.Toforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofcertainspecies.n.七選五[2022?成都市第三次診斷|Ilcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.]Here'swhatyoucando：Becomeself-aware.2Thisincludesbias（偏見）aboutyourownculturalbackground.Itcanbechallenging,butbydoingthisyou'llbeabletothinkabouthowthesetraitsmightimpactonyourapproachtounderstandingdifferences.Youcouldtry:Thinkaboutwhatassumptionsyoumakeaboutyourfriends,peers,andpeopleyouworkwith.Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.Tryandgettoknowsomeonefromadifferentculturalbackgroundbetter.3You'llautomaticallyfindoutmoreabouttheirlifeandexperiences.Justbeingcuriousandopen-mindedcanbehelpful.Bemoreaccepting.Sometimes,foronereasonoranother,it'snotallthateasytounderstandsomeculturaldifferences.4Inotherwords,youdon*thavetounderstand,orevenagreewithsomeoneinordertoacceptthem.5Oneofthebiggestdifficultiestoovercomeinunderstandingculturaldifferencesismakingjudgmentsbasedononeopinion.Youshoulddosomeresearchtoactuallylearnaboutpeople,insteadofmakingbroad-brushassessments.Stereotyping（對形成模式化的看法）peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpacttheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.Doyourownresearch.Thinkbeyondstereotypes.Practicebeingsympathetictowardspeople.Workoutyourownbeliefs,valuesandpersonalbias.Insteadofaskingthemquestionsdirectly,treatthemasfriends.Andthebestapproachistoacknowledgepeoplearedifferentandtoacceptthatisokay.However,tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore.in.語法填空[2022?東北三校模擬]InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysin1.rushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.2.theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeatacosttothem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm(算法).Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life3.(situation),suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,4.(put)notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedtheplatformsandaskedthemtoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.5.response,Elcmeannouncedthatitwouldaddabuttontotheapp,6.allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore7.(heat)debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiConsumerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould8.(settle)betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability9.(allow)moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot10.(full)addresstheproblems.詳解答案I.閱讀理解A語篇類型：應用文主題語境：人與社會——旅游——倫敦眼【語篇解讀】本文不僅介紹了參觀倫敦眼需要注意的一些事項以及不同年齡群體的票價，還介紹了倫敦眼的其他相關信息。.答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第二段中的“Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon”可知，答案為C項。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據HowtobookLondonEyetickets?中的“TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit”可知，此處must對應題干中的amust。故選A項。.答案與解析：C考查簡單計算的能力。根據Prices部分中提供的信息可知，兩個成人至少需要56英鎊，五歲兒子至少需要23英鎊，兩歲女兒免費。故答案為C。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學發(fā)現——三刺魚通過基因改變適應環(huán)境【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了研究人員通過跟蹤記錄發(fā)現，三刺魚可以在不同的環(huán)境中存活是由于其基因改變。.答案與解析：C考查理解詞匯的能力。代詞一般指代上文中提到的內容，根據語境可知，that指代上文中的“theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures"。故C項”它們可以適應不同的生存環(huán)境”正確。.答案與解析：D考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。根據第二段中的“研究人員利用基因組測序，在它們生存環(huán)境季節(jié)性變化前后跟蹤記錄了6個種群的魚類”可知，本段主要講到了研究方法。故D項正確。.答案與解析：B考查推斷的能力。根據第四段中的“Remarkably,theresearchers...theseasonalshiftsinhabitats”可推知，三刺魚之所以能夠生存下去,其主要原因就在于為了生存所做的基因改變。故B項正確。.答案與解析：D考查理解具體信息的能力。根據最后一段中的“Doingsowould...theevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulalions”可知，科學家研究基因改變的重復是為了預測未來某些物種的進化前景。故D項正確。H.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——人際溝通——文化差異【語篇解讀】本文主要論述了幾種降低文化差異影響、讓交流溝通更和諧的方法，包括了解自己、與來自不同文化背景的人交談和不要觀念固化等。.答案與解析：G考查上下文銜接。根據上句可知，堅持你所知道的而不是去結識與你不同的人，這很容易。結合下文內容可知，空處應是一個轉折句，起到承上啟下的作用，說明盡力理解來自其他國家的人可以給你帶來好處。所以G選項符合語境。.答案與解析：D考查上下文銜接。根據該段首句“Becomeself-aware”可知，該段主要陳述要了解自己；根據空處下句“Thisincludesbias（偏見）aboutyourownculturalbackground”可知，這包括對自己文化背景的偏見。據此可以判斷，空處應與偏見有關。D項中的“bias”與空處下句中的“bias”對應。故D項正確。.答案與解析：E考查上下文銜接。根據空處下句可知，你會自然而然地了解到更多關于他們的生活和經歷的信息。結合常識可知，空處應說要像朋友一樣對待他們，而不是直接問他們問題。故E項正確。.答案與解析：F考查上下文銜接。根據該段首句“Bemoreaccepting”可知，該段主要建議要接受對方的不同。根據空處下句可知，你不需要理解甚至贊同某人就可以接受他們。據此可知，空處應說要承認人們是不同的并接受這一點。故F項正確。.答案與解析：B考查段落主旨句。根據空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的主旨句。根據前文第二、三、四段首句可知，該句為祈使句；根據該段內容可知，該段主要說明不要對來自不同文化背景的人形成模式化的看法，B項中的“stereo