UnitEleven

Soldier’sHeartByLouisSimpsonWhatdidyouanticipateaboutthecontentwhenyoufirstsawthetitle?Soldiers’determinationandwill-power?Solders’patriotismandsenseofresponsibility?

Soldiers’sympathyfortheirfellowhumanbeings?TitleSoldier’sHeartWhatdiditturnouttobe?

adescriptionofthephysicalandpsychologicalscarsthatWWIIlefthimwithWhat’sthemeaningofthetitle?

posttraumaticstressdisorderWarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesUsualThemesofWarLiterature

demonstratingbattlesofwitsandmilitarypowers?extollinganoblepatriotismandheroism?reflectingtheconflictbetweenjusticeandevil?condemninghumanwickedness,crueltyandstupidity?Whatistheauthor’spurposeforwritingthisessay?TextAnalysisThemeAbouttheAuthor

LouisSimpson(1923~)-borninJamaica,in1923-emigratedtotheUnitedStatesattheageofseventeen-studiedatColumbiaUniversity-servedintheSecondWorldWar-continuedhisstudiesatColumbiaafterthewar-wentontoteachatColumbia-widelyacclaimedasapoetandliterarycriticStructureoftheTextPartI.(Para.1--Para.3):Descriptionoftheauthor’swarmemoriesinFranceinthesummerof1944.PartII.(Para.4--end):Descriptionofhislifeimmediatelyafterthewar.PartI(p.1-3)PartII(p.4-11)hisvividwarmemorieshislifeimmediatelyafterthewar--PartIII(p.12-19)hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospital--PartIV(p.20-27)whyhekeptwritingaboutthewarTextAnalysisStructureDetailedstudyofthetextPartI(1-3):hisvividwarmemories士兵們俯臥在地上，空氣中充滿著各種聲音，空中傳來刺耳的呼嘯聲和隨之而來的爆炸聲。Thismaybeamatterofseconds.Amatteroftime:anextremelyshortperiodoftimeIfthesoundscontinue,themen…(1)Ifthesoundofplanesdoesnotstop,iftheplanesdonotdroptheirbombs,themenwillbeenseendigginginuntiltheydisappearintothefoxholes.Thereisabriefpurringsound,thenarhythmicdrumming.一陣短促刺耳的聲音傳來，接著是一陣有節(jié)奏的轟隆聲。如果你當(dāng)時(shí)碰巧和這些人在一起，你會(huì)覺得天空似乎正在被撕裂。

Theseactionswillberepeatedmanytimes…這樣的行動(dòng)不會(huì)停，只是場(chǎng)景不同罷了，從灌木樹籬隔開的小塊農(nóng)田，到滿是風(fēng)車的平坦的開闊地，再到白雪覆蓋的森林。士兵們穿過一座座村莊，此時(shí)又來到河岸邊，劃著橡皮艇擺渡過河，最后進(jìn)入了崇山峻林之中。SummaryofPart1Whyisthepresenttenseusedinthefirstthreeparagraphs?WritingTechniquesinPartI-theuseofpresenttense-theuseofsimile：likeaspeciesofanimal;…asthoughtheairwerebeingtorn-wordsdescribingsounds：shrieks,purring,drumming-wordsdescribingmotions：scraping,vanish,burdened,spreadout,runforward,crouch…wordsdescribingdifferentterrainscoveredbythesoldiers：

smallfields,flatlandscape,forestcoveredwithsnow,river,mountains...Amatteroftime:sthiscertaintohappenatsometimeinthefutureThingswillgetbetter:it’sjustamatteroftime.Amatterofsth/doingsth:needtodosthasapartorresult.Skatingisjustamatterofpractice.amatterofcourse:sthnatural理所當(dāng)然PartII(4-11):hislifeimmediatelyafterthewarIwasdischargedfrom…(4)todischarge:toallowortellsbtogo退伍

Thejudgefoundhimnotguiltyanddischargedhim.Theyweredischargedforbeingdishonesty.

Ihaveavaguerecollectionof…IseemtorememberthatIsatwithotherstudentsintheroom…recollection:(fml)memoryIhavenorecollectionofmeetingher.Whywashereadingfuriously?Onepersonhaditthat…(5)tohaveitthat…:tosaythatsthistrueRumorhasitthatsheisgoingtogetmarried.Afriendwouldinformme…

tobepickedup:tobefoundandtakensomewheretobequestionedThepolicepickedhimupforspeeding.Whatnametheygiveit...(7)onend:(oftime)withoutabreak;continuously;successivelyInthatdesertyoucandriveformilesonendwithoutseeingasinglesoul.…theyweresparedalong……theywereluckythattheydidnothavetofightalongwar.tobesparedsth:tobeallowednottoexperiencesthdifficultorunpleasant使免于(不愉快的經(jīng)歷)Icouldhavesparedmyselfthetrouble.engagement:abattlebetweentwoarmies交戰(zhàn)Post-traumaticStressDisorder(7):apsychiatricdisorderthatcanoccurfollowingtheexperienceorwitnessingoflife-threateningevents,suchasmilitarycombat,naturaldisasters.PeoplewhosufferfromPTSDoftenrelivetheexperiencethroughnightmaresandflashbacks.精神創(chuàng)傷后遺癥strikemeasthebest:striken.asn.給予…的印象Theideastrikesmeasastupid.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)想法很愚蠢。passout:tofaint昏倒；失去知覺Thepatientsinthishospital...(8)Thepatientsinthishospitalseldomsawthedoctors.Whatcanitimply?Twooftheguardswere…(9)Chekhov契科夫:Russianplaywrightandoneofthegreatmastersofmodernshortstory.

Oncehewriggledthestump…(9)Oncehewavedwhatremainedofhistriggerfingerundermynosewithasmilethatshowedhewashidingsth.fromotherpeople.This,hegavemetounderstand,…Hemademebelievethatthis(thecuttingoffofhistriggerfinger)wasthereasonwhyhewasabletoescapebeingdraftedintothearmy.togivesbtounderstandthat…(fml)tomakesbbelievethatsthwillhappenorissure使相信；使理解Iwasgiventounderstandthatthetermswerenegotiable.toexcusesbfromsth:tofreesbfromsth免于…;準(zhǔn)許不…TheteacherexcusedmefromexercisebecauseIhadacold.Heinformedmethathewas…(9)knockout:

1)打掉了；把…敲出來2)tocause…becomeunconscious擊昏一個(gè)瘦的皮包骨頭，面無表情，右手沒有食指。有一次他狡黠地笑著，把他那只斷指在我面前晃了晃，以此方式告訴我他當(dāng)時(shí)為什么能免服兵役。另一個(gè)矮小結(jié)實(shí)，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)，腦袋像個(gè)子彈頭。Speakingonlyformyself,I…(10)fog:

itmeansastateofmentalconfusiontospeakforsb/sth:

toexpressthethoughtsofsb/sth就…而言AsfarasI’mconcerned,theshocktreatmentswereeffectiveinthattheyhelpedmeregainmysensesandbecomeclear-headed.但對(duì)我來說，我覺得這種療法使我擺脫了我一直以來那種頭腦一片混亂的狀態(tài)。IbelievewithShakespeare…(11)IagreewithwhatShakespearesays,i.e.therearemoreimportantthingsinheavenandintheworld,thingsthataremissinginthephilosophyoftherichandpowerful,thingsthatthesepeoplehaveneverdreamedof.我很同意莎士比亞的話，我相信對(duì)于那些服務(wù)于這個(gè)世界，管理這個(gè)世界的各種機(jī)構(gòu)，并因此而發(fā)財(cái)致富的人來說，天上和人間都有一些在他們的哲學(xué)中永遠(yuǎn)想象不到的東西。SummaryofPartII:hislifeimmediatelyafterthewar-backtotheuniversity-sufferingfromsoldier’sheart-receivinghospitaltreatmentWhatsymptomsdoestheauthorhaveforhis“soldier’sheart”?-Heartbeatingfaster(7)-Tremble,sweat,andonoccasion,passout(7)-Walkinginthefog(10)-Hearingvoices(11)PartIII(12-19):hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospitalForsomeyearsIwas…(13)ForafewyearsIoftenhadthesuddenattacksIhavementioned…幾年前，前面提到的癥狀會(huì)突然發(fā)作。tobesubjecttosth:likelytobeaffectedbysth(unpleasant)容易受…的;常遭…的Theareaissubjecttodroughtandfloodsandearthquakes.Iwouldkeepaneyepeeledfor…(13)Iwouldbeonthealertwatchingcarefullyfor…Theuniversityinformedme…(14)IhadtogothroughexaminationsbytheirdoctortoprovethatIwascapableofresumingstudies.tobeclearedby:togetanofficialpermissionfromsb.大學(xué)通知我，返校之前需經(jīng)校醫(yī)批準(zhǔn)。Youaren’tgoingtobe…Youarenotgoingtobesobusywithyourmusic,areyou?你不會(huì)這么忙著搞音樂，是吧？tobetakenupwith:tobeverybusydealingwithsb/sthIdidn’thavethefascination…（15）Ididn’thaveanyinterestingossip.Thereforethejobofareporterdidnotsuitme.Ididn’thavethefascinationwithgossipthatareporterneedstohave---whetheritisaboutaquarrelbetweennationsoraboutapoliticianandhismistress.Whatcanweinferabouthisattitudetowardreporters,politicians,andinternationalpolitics?appealto:find…attractiveThesebooksaredesignedtoappealtochildren.我并不熱衷于花邊新聞，而這是成為一名記者所必備的條件—不管是國(guó)家之間的爭(zhēng)端，還是某個(gè)政客和他的情婦的花邊新聞，記者都要感興趣。Islippedinbyasidedoor,…（16）tobeparticularabout:topaytoomuchattentiontoortobetooconcernedwithdetails很講究;很挑剔Sheisparticularaboutherclothes.I’mnotveryparticularaboutfood.SchoolofGeneralStudiesinColumbiaUniversityliberalartscollege;returningandnontraditionalstudentsundergraduatedegreefullorparttime.哥倫比亞大學(xué)GeneralStudies學(xué)院是美國(guó)最好的文理學(xué)院，它是美國(guó)專為返回生和非傳統(tǒng)學(xué)生尋求一個(gè)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、傳統(tǒng)、常春藤盟校的本科全日制或非全日制大學(xué)而創(chuàng)立的?！璮romGcompanytoBattalion.Army;(thearmy,navy;airforce)軍隊(duì)Division師;Brigade旅;Regiment團(tuán);battalion營(yíng);company連;platoon排;squad班;…atcloserangerange:thedistanceoverwhichaparticularweaponcanhitthetarget射程Along-rangemissile遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈Whathavewetocomplainofwhohaveknown“soldier’sheart”?Theterriblethoughtcametohimthatmaybethechildhadbeenkidnapped.Comparedwiththosewhodiedorwereseriouslymaimedinthewar,we,whoonlysuffereda“soldier’sheart”reallyhavenorighttocomplain.我們這些受“士兵心理病”困擾的人還有什么可抱怨的呢？SummaryofPartIII:hislifeafterbeingdischargedfromthehospital-continuingtosufferfromthedisorder-requestforreturningtothecollegeturneddown-backtotheuniversitybyasidedoorPartIV(20-27):WhyhekeptwritingaboutwarTheBattleoftheSomme

(索姆河戰(zhàn)役）wasabattleoftheFirstWorldWarfoughtbythearmiesoftheBritishandFrenchempiresagainsttheGermanEmpire

between1Julyand18November1916onbothsidesoftheRiverSommeinFrance.ItwasoneofthelargestbattlesofWorldWarI,inwhichmorethan1,000,000menwerewoundedorkilled,makingitoneofthebloodiestbattlesinhumanhistory.

Itwashellonearth,but…(21)Althoughthesituationwasextremelyunpleasantandhardtobear,themenwhoweresufferingittriedtomakethemselvesfeelbetterwiththethought…h(huán)ellonearth:人間地獄

ThemenandwomenIworked…(22)ComparedtothepeoplewithwhomIfoughtsidebysideduringthewar,thepeopleIworkedwithatuniversitieswerepaleandunreal.Theytalkedalot,buttheirwordswereemptyandmeaninglessbecausetheyhadnotexperiencedreallife.tobepaleincomparison:toseemsmallorunimportantcomparedtosb/sthelsehollow---filledwithwords:oxymoron我沒有忘記我認(rèn)識(shí)的101空降師的軍人們。相比之下，我在大學(xué)里共事的男男女女們顯得蒼白，不真實(shí)。他們雖然健談，但空話連篇。

WhatwasItothinkofthenew…(23)我該如何評(píng)價(jià)新型的大學(xué)教授，那些結(jié)構(gòu)主義者、后結(jié)構(gòu)主義者、解構(gòu)主義者呢？targetlanguage---sourcelanguage目標(biāo)語—原語foreignization–domestication異化–歸化literaltranslation–liberaltranslation直譯–意譯

insofarasitispossible(24):盡可能；在…的程度IwillhelpyouinsofarasIcan.…warisapermanenthuman…戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是人類永遠(yuǎn)要面對(duì)的一種現(xiàn)象，男人女人都須面對(duì)。Itgavemearespectand…（25）使我對(duì)那些我從未忘記的所謂普通人心生敬意，并懷有感情。Asifanylifewerecommon!Itisridiculoustothinkthatanylifeiscommon.沒有任何人的生命是普通的！asif:usedtosaythatsth.isdefinitelynottrue.Don’tlistentohim.Asifhekneweverything!Theyweredeaftothemusic.(27)tobedeafto:tobeunwillingtohearorlisten置若罔聞；充耳不聞Theheadmasterwasdeaftotheircomplaints.tobedeaftothemusic:無動(dòng)于衷;對(duì)牛彈琴Whatdiditmatter?…假如我唯一能做的事情受到別人的輕視或冷遇，那有什么關(guān)系？大多數(shù)人對(duì)我寫的東西不屑一顧，可是這對(duì)我來說比其他任何事情都重要。我寫的東西對(duì)他們來說如同對(duì)牛彈琴。這又算什么？我還活著，并做著我喜歡做的事情。PartIV(20-27)Summary:Whyhekeptwritingaboutwar-Youngpeopledidn’trememberthewar-Collegeprofessorswerefilledwithhollowwords-Tworeasonsforkeepingwritingaboutwars-Thewargave“me”poetrytosubjectsth/sb