Prat5SensingTechnology5.1Sensorsinmanufacturing5.2Microthermocouples5.3PressureMicrosensors5.4QProx?QT113Charge-TransferTouchSensor(1)5.5QProx?QT113Charge-TransferTouchSensor(II)5.1

Sensorsinmanufacturing5.1Sensorsinmanufacturing5.1.1SpecializedEnglishWords

transducer變換器piezoelectriccrystal壓電晶體mechanicallyactuated機(jī)械壓力physicalstimulus物理刺激piezoelectricactuator壓電傳動(dòng)裝置，壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器piezoelectricsensor壓電式傳感器piezodevice壓電裝置magnetism磁性，吸引力，磁學(xué)massenergy 質(zhì)能，質(zhì)能關(guān)系electricaldischargemachining 電火花加工surfacefinish 表面光潔度cuttingfluid 切削液lubricants 潤滑劑，潤滑物，潤滑油tooling 模具，加工magneticfields 磁場strain 應(yīng)變，緊張，拉緊relativitytheory 相對論pertainingtomotion 相對運(yùn)動(dòng)displacement 位移Bindingenergy 結(jié)合能infrared 紅外線visiblelight 可見光ultraviolet 紫外線，紫外線的acceleration 加速度flowvelocity 流速rateoftransport 傳輸率moment 力矩，彎矩Torque 轉(zhuǎn)矩，扭矩，力矩roughness 表面粗糙度stiffness 剛度viscosity 粘度Crystallinity 結(jié)晶度structuralintegrity 結(jié)構(gòu)整體性wavevelocity 波速amplitude 振幅，波幅phase 相位，相polarization 偏振，極化spectrum 頻譜，光譜，譜conductivity 電導(dǎo)率5.1.2NotesAtransducerisgenerallydefinedasadevicethattransmitsenergyfromonesystemtoanother,oftenwithachangeinformoftheenergy.此句的主句是“Atransducerisdefinedasadevice”。全句可翻譯為“一般將變換器定義為從一個(gè)系統(tǒng)向另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)傳輸能量的設(shè)備，往往伴隨著能量形式的變化”。“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞“device”。Weshalldiscussthebasiccharacteristicsofbothtypesofsilicon‘micro-sensors’butintroducesomeoftheuniquefeaturesofthelatterwhicharebecomingmoreandmoreutilizedinmanufacturing.句中“which”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“Features”

。全句可譯成“我們討論這兩種類型的硅‘微傳感器’的基本特征。但對在制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用變得越來越多的后者，我們還要介紹一些它獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)?！薄皐hich”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“Features”Inpractice,these10formsofenergyarecondensedintothesixsignaltypeslistedaswecanconsideratomicandmolecularenergyaspartofchemicalenergy,gravitationalandmechanicalasone,mechanical,andwecanignorenuclearandmassenergy.全句可譯為“在實(shí)踐中，可以將原子與分子能看作化學(xué)能的一部分，可以將引力和機(jī)械能統(tǒng)一為機(jī)械能，還可以忽略原子能和質(zhì)能，這樣一來，這10種能量就可以壓縮成所列出的六類信號(hào)”。第一個(gè)“as”為連接詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句“we……energy”；第二個(gè)“as”為介詞，意為“當(dāng)作”。5.2Microthermocouples5.2Microthermocouples

5.2.1SpecializedEnglishWords

semiconductingresister半導(dǎo)體電阻thermocouple熱電偶potentiometrictemperaturesensor電位型溫度傳感器opencircuitvoltage開路電壓thermoelectricpower熱電勢，溫差電勢，熱電功率lineardevices線性器件，線性裝置full-scaleoperation滿量程siliconprocess 硅工藝加工，硅工藝standardintegratedcircuit(IC)process標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集成電路（IC）工藝nonstandardmaterials 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料ptresistor 鉑電阻Thermistor 熱敏電阻Transistor 晶體管operatingrange 測量范圍Sensitivity 靈敏度dopedsilicon 摻雜硅planarICprocess 面集成電路工藝conductanceband 導(dǎo)帶valenceband 價(jià)帶phonondragterm 聲子曳引項(xiàng)carriercharge 載流子電荷resistivityconstant 電阻率常數(shù)boron 硼theoreticalvoltage 理論電壓Polysilicon 多晶硅n-typeepilayer n型外延電阻5.2.2NotesUnlikethemetalandsemiconductingresisters,athermocoupleisapotentiometrictemperaturesensor

inthatanopencircuitvoltageVTappearswhentwodifferentmetalsarejoinedtogetherwiththejunctionheldatatemperaturebeingsensedTsandtheotherendsheldatareferencetemperatureTref.此句是一個(gè)成分比較復(fù)雜的主從句結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是“athermocoupleisapotentiometrictemperaturesensor”，介詞短語“Unlike”引導(dǎo)狀語“themetalandsemiconductingresisters”“inthat”（相當(dāng)于“inwhich”）引導(dǎo)原因狀語定語從句，修飾“temperaturesensor”。“when”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句“twodifferentmetalsarejoinedtogetherwiththejunctionheldatatemperaturebeingsensedTsandtheotherendsheldatareferencetemperatureTr”，其中“heldatatemperaturebeingsensedTs”為過去分詞短語作定語，修飾“thejunction”，而“beingsensedTs”則是現(xiàn)在分詞短語（被動(dòng)式）作定語，修飾“temperature”?！癮ndtheotherendsheldatareferencetemperatureTref.”中的“heldatareferencetemperatureTref.”也是定語，修飾“theotherends”。Unlikethemetalandsemiconductingresisters,athermocoupleisapotentiometrictemperaturesensorinthatanopencircuitvoltageVTappearswhentwodifferentmetalsarejoinedtogetherwiththejunctionheldatatemperaturebeingsensedTsandtheotherendsheldatareferencetemperatureTref.全句可譯為“與金屬和半導(dǎo)體電阻不同，熱電偶是一種電位型的溫度傳感器。當(dāng)兩種不同的金屬連接在一起，結(jié)點(diǎn)一端溫度為Ts，另一端為參考溫度Tref時(shí)，就會(huì)有開路電壓VT輸出?！盩ypically，theycanoperatefrom-100to+2000℃withaccuracyofbetween1and3percentforafull-scaleoperation(FSO).

句子可譯為“通常情況下，熱電偶的測量范圍為-100?2000℃，精度為（滿量程的）1％—3％”。介詞短語“withaccuracyofbetween1and3percentforafull-scaleoperation(FSO)”做賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語。Theinclusionofnonstandardmaterials,during,forexample,aCMOSprocess,whichis‘intermediate’CMOS,isgenerallyregardedashighlyundesirableandshouldbeavoidedifpossible.全句可譯為“在加工工藝中加入非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料，如在CMOS工藝中加入非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料，這稱為‘中間’CMOS，被普遍認(rèn)為是極不可取并應(yīng)盡量避免的?！薄皐hichis‘intermediate’CMOS”是關(guān)系代詞，系“which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句during,forexample,aCMOSprocess”=“forexample,duringaCMOSprocess”。5.3PressureMicrosensors

5.3.1SpecializedEnglishWordsbulk 塊，體，堆micromachined 微型加工的microaccelerometersensors微加速度傳感器gyrometer 陀螺測試儀，陀螺儀表piezoresistivesensor 壓阻傳感器deflection 應(yīng)變straingauges 應(yīng)變片diaphragm 振膜，隔膜，膜片membrane 膜片，振片piezoresistivepickup 壓阻傳感器springconstant 彈簧系數(shù)hardspring 硬彈簧，硬質(zhì)彈簧crosssection 橫截面，橫切面，橫剖面lateral 橫向barometricpressure 氣壓，大氣壓，大氣壓力microshuttle 微型壓力傳感器silicononinsulator(SOI)絕緣硅（一種新型硅基集成電路材料的簡稱）exhaustgasrecirculation 排氣再循環(huán)fuelpressure 燃料壓力activesuspensionhydraulics液壓主動(dòng)懸架piezoresistors 壓敏電阻器anodicbonding 陽極鍵合glasssupport 玻璃支inlethole 進(jìn)入孔Pyrex 硼硅酸玻璃referencecapacitors 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電容器Oxide 氧化物boron 硼alignmentkey 對準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記substatewafer 次級(jí)硅片trench 溝resonator 諧振器resonatorwafer 諧振硅片buriedcavity 隱藏孔hole 孔evacuatedcavity 真空共振腔glassfrit 玻璃粉contactpad 觸板nitride 氮化物Thepiezoresistiveconstant（П44）istypically+138.1pC/Nand

thatmakesmeasuringpressureintherangeof0to1Mparelativelystraightforward.此句可譯為“壓阻常數(shù)（П44）的典型值為+138.1pC/N，這就保證了壓力測量值在的0到1Mpa范圍內(nèi)有相當(dāng)好的線性度。”句中“and”引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。后句中的“that”指代“Thepiezoresistiveconstant（П44）istypically+138.1pC/N”Inthiscase,acapacitivebridgecanbeformedwithtworeferencecapacitorsandtheoutputvoltageisrelatedtothedeflectionofthemembrane△xandhencetheappliedpressure(P-P0).此句可譯為“在這種配置下，電容橋由兩個(gè)參比電容組成，輸出電壓與振膜撓度△x有關(guān)，因而與所施壓力(P-P0)有關(guān)?！苯樵~短語“Inthiscase”作條件狀語“and”連接兩個(gè)并列句子。ThedynamicalequationthatgovernsthebehaviorisamodifiedversionofEquation(5.3.3)toincludeatensionterm,whichaffectstheeffectivespringconstantKm.

此句可譯為“約束振蕩的動(dòng)6態(tài)方程是方程（5.3.3）的修正方程，增加了一個(gè)影響彈簧常數(shù)Km的張力項(xiàng)?！本渲小皐hichaffectstheeffectivespringconstantKm”是“which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指代前面的句子，修飾“atensionterm”“that”引導(dǎo)主定語從句修飾“thedynamicalequation”。Ascostsaredrivendown,themovetowardpiezoresistivepolysiliconisdesirablebutcreatessomestabilityandprecisionissues.此句可譯為“由于成本的降低，壓阻式多晶硅變得更加符合需要，但隨之也帶來了一些穩(wěn)定性和精確性方面的問題?！薄癆scostsaredrivendown”為原因狀語從句，主句有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞“is”和“creates”。5.4QProx?QT113Charge-TransferTouchSensor(1)5.4.2SpecializedEnglishWordscharge-transfer(QT) 電荷轉(zhuǎn)移project 投射proximityfield 接近路consensusfilter 協(xié)同濾波器noiseimmunity 抗（干）擾性autocal=autocalibrate 自動(dòng)校正，自動(dòng)標(biāo)定togglemode 切換方式strapoption 搭接選擇，接線選擇lead-freepackage 無鉛封裝appliancecontrol 家電控制accesssystems 接入系統(tǒng)，接入技術(shù)proxsensors 接近傳感器，接近開關(guān)pointingdevice 指點(diǎn)裝置，定位裝置consumedevices 消費(fèi)設(shè)備self-contained 獨(dú)立的，自給的Dielectric 絕緣的，（電）介質(zhì)Ceramic 陶瓷metal-bearing 合金屬的burst 脈沖（串）Electrode 電極TA 即TAPP，纖薄陣列塑料封裝（ThinArrayPlasticPackage之略)SOIC 小輸出線封裝(SmallOutlineIC之略)DIP雙列直插式封裝（Dualln-linePackage之略）nor-critical 不挑剔的，要求不高的RFemissions 射頻輻射（RF為radiofrequency之略）Susceptibility 敏感性，可感性EMI 電磁干擾（ElectroMagneticInterference之略）consecutive 一致的single-slope 單斜坡ADC 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換（部件）（AnalogDigitalConversion）straycapacitance 雜散電容，分布電容Trace 引線copperpours （印刷電路板上）敷銅ESD靜電放電（Electrostaticdischarge之略）sparse 稀疏的mesh 網(wǎng)（狀物）byimplication 其實(shí)tenuous 脆弱的，微弱的ample 足夠的，豐裕的PCB 印刷電路板（PrintedCircuitboard之略）wind 繞組core （鐵）芯picofarad 微微法（拉），皮（發(fā)拉）5.4.3NotesHeartBeat?這里TM為TradeMark之略，“注冊商標(biāo)”之意，表示HeartBeat?是一注冊商標(biāo)，受產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。Sensitivityisrelatedtoelectrodesurfacearea,orientationwithrespecttotheobjectbeingsensed,objectcomposition,andthegroundcouplingqualityofboththesensorcircuitandthesensedobject.這是一個(gè)簡單句，“isrelatedto”后有多個(gè)介詞賓語。注意其中“theobjectbeingsensed”和“thesensedobject”，前者為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，后者為過去分詞作前置定語，意思完全相同。全句可譯為“靈敏度和電極表面面積、感應(yīng)對象的朝向、材質(zhì)以及感應(yīng)電路和感應(yīng)對象兩者對地的耦合質(zhì)量等有關(guān)。”Thislawasappliedtocapacitivesensingrequiresthatthesensor’sfieldcurrentmustcompletealoop,returningbacktoitssourceinorderforcapacitancetobesensed.全句可譯為“用于電容傳感時(shí)，該定律要求傳感器的場電流必須構(gòu)成一個(gè)回路，最后返回源頭，才能感應(yīng)到被測電容?！薄皌hat”引起的賓語從句中“inorderto”后接的不定式動(dòng)詞原形因?yàn)檫壿嬛髡Z“（for）capacitor”，而變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)“(to)besensed”了。“asappliedtocapacitivesensing”是主句的狀語，可看成是狀語從句“asitisapplied…..”的省略。5.5QProx?QT113Charge-TransferTouchSensor(II)

5.5.2SpecializedEnglishWordsmetallizedhousing （鍍）金屬外殼crumpleinto 弄皺fringefields 散射（電）場，干擾（電）場lateral 橫向的，側(cè)面的inadvertent 無意的，偶然的diminishingreturns 得不償失trade-off 權(quán)衡，折中propagate 傳播，繁殖adverse 不利的，有害的survivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?，合法的slew-rate 轉(zhuǎn)換斜率，邊沿斜率，threshold 門檻，閥值，臨界值hysteresis 滯后，延滯asymmetric 不對稱的obstruction 堵塞（物），阻擋（物）elevated 升高的，高貴的suppress 抑制，排除，鎮(zhèn)壓brushes 輕擦，擦過successive 連續(xù)的，逐次的survivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?，合法的slew-rate 轉(zhuǎn)換斜率，邊沿斜率，threshold 門檻，閥值，臨界值hysteresis 滯后，延滯asymmetric 不對稱的obstruction 堵塞（物），阻擋（物）elevated 升高的，高貴的suppress 抑制，排除，鎮(zhèn)壓brushes 輕擦，擦過successive 連續(xù)的，逐次的5.5.3NotesThehumanbodynaturallyhasseveralhundredpicofaradsof‘freespace’capacitancetothelocalenvironment(Cx3inFigure1-3),whichismorethantwoordersofmagnitudegreaterthanthatrequiredtocreateareturnpathtotheQT113viaearth.全句意為“人體自然而然地會(huì)和周邊環(huán)境產(chǎn)生出一個(gè)幾百個(gè)微微法的‘自由空間’電容（圖1.3中的Cx3），這比QT113建立經(jīng)過大地的回路所需要的電容值要大兩個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)之多?！薄皐hich”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾“severalhundredpicofarads”，從句中的“that”為代詞，其后“requiredtocreateareturnpathtotheQT113viaearth”是它