Grammar:Modalverbscan/could:1.can一般表示與生俱來(lái)的能力,還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。Mancannotlivewithoutair.

_______Iuseyourbike?CanAttention:can/beableto區(qū)別:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.can表示與生俱來(lái)的能力或一種客觀可能，而beableto更加強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)后天的學(xué)習(xí)和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個(gè)客觀的場(chǎng)合和背景下，能做到的事情。Attention:can/beableto區(qū)別:AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.cancan/could:2.在疑問(wèn)句中，用could可表示請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣較委婉?！猒___Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnotcan/could(表示猜測(cè)）3.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。（主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句或驚嘆句中）

He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime!

can’t你怎么會(huì)如此地粗心！

Howcanyoubesocareless!

Canthisbetrue?

can/could:4.cannever/can’t……too表示“無(wú)論怎樣…也不過(guò)分”，“越…越好”。你過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候再小心也不為過(guò)。

Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.

5can在肯定句中“有時(shí)”的推測(cè)用法。ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.must表示肯定的猜測(cè)，譯為“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。Thismustbeyourpen.（mustn’t?)Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.must2.表示“堅(jiān)持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）如果你真的要走，那就悄悄離開(kāi)。Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.

must的否定式Y(jié)oumustnotsmokehere.—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.

may/might:1.表示許可。表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些。—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推測(cè)、可能（只用于肯定句，疑問(wèn)句則要用can或could）。

祝你成功！

Mayyousucceed.

Hemaybeverybusynow.

Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.

Mayaswell/mightaswell(最好，滿(mǎn)可以，倒不如）Youmayaswelldoitatonce.

maywelldo完全能，很可能Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示或提供幫助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?

3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.

Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.

等我讀完這本書(shū)，就會(huì)給他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威脅允諾表示規(guī)章，知識(shí)，預(yù)言等．Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.Therulesshallbeobeyed.will/would:1.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。sentencepattern

Wouldyouplease…Wouldyoumind…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulike…will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和決心。

Iwillneverdothatagain.

will/would:3.可表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性。翻譯為“經(jīng)常、慣于、總是”。1).Theoldman_______haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.

would2).門(mén)就是打不開(kāi)!

Thedoorwon’topen.

will/would:Attention:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.

Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“意愿”Would更多的用來(lái)表示語(yǔ)氣而不是時(shí)態(tài)

Will/wouldyoupleasedo...,Wouldyouliketodo...,Wouldyouminddoing...都表示建議、詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求等。e.g.,Would/Willyoumindopeningthewindows?Iwould/willdoanythingforyou,sir.有時(shí)甚至只能用would而不用wille.g.,Iwouldlike….Wouldyoulike….?Theywouldlove….Hewouldrather……should:1.Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是oughtto；在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?

我們應(yīng)當(dāng)要相互學(xué)習(xí)。

Weshouldlearnfromeachother.should:2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should用于第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)可以表示說(shuō)話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain.

3.should表示意外或驚訝常譯為“居然，竟然”。

Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.

我不敢相信這樣一個(gè)紳士居然對(duì)老人如此無(wú)禮。should:4.should表示猜測(cè)時(shí)，一般指按經(jīng)驗(yàn)或邏輯判斷，翻譯成“照說(shuō)應(yīng)該，估計(jì)，想必”

should:---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need三.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法

（1）musthavedone對(duì)過(guò)去某事的十分肯定猜測(cè)（2）may/mighthavedone對(duì)過(guò)去某事的可能性猜測(cè)（3）can’t/couldn’thavedone對(duì)過(guò)去某事的否定猜測(cè)（4）should/oughttohavedone過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而未做（5）shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone

過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了（6）needn’thavedone本沒(méi)有必要做的事實(shí)際卻做了（7）couldhavedone

本來(lái)能夠做的（有能力做）事實(shí)際卻未做到四．表示虛擬１．shouldhavedone

本應(yīng)該做（而沒(méi)做）

shouldnothavedone

本不應(yīng)該做

Heshouldn‘thavesaidsuchathing.他當(dāng)時(shí)不應(yīng)該說(shuō)那種話。

Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead

＊這種句式也能用oughtto２．neednothavedone沒(méi)有必要做某事

Ineednothavegotupsoearly.我本來(lái)不必要那么早起床的（事實(shí)上早已起床）

Ineednothavewaitedforthetrainforanhour.我本來(lái)不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車(chē)。（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)）3.couldhavedone它表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠…”實(shí)際上沒(méi)能做…。

Ifyoucouldhavefinishedthetaskintime，youcouldhavebeenpromoted.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已提升了（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有被提升）

Icouldhavelaughedtohearhimtalklikethat.聽(tīng)他那樣講話，我差點(diǎn)笑出聲來(lái)。4.mighthavedone虛擬式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假?zèng)]結(jié)果。

Ifshehadstartedalittleearlier，shemighthavebeenintimeforthetrain.如果她早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，她有可能及時(shí)趕上火車(chē)。(實(shí)際上沒(méi)有早出發(fā)，便沒(méi)有趕上火車(chē))Itmighthavebeenbettertostopthen.如果那時(shí)就停止的話，也許比較好。5．wouldhavedone

它表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果，意思是“當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)…了”而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有…

IwouldhavehelpedyouifIhadknownofyourdifficulties.Ifithadn‘trainedyesterday,wewouldhavegoneclimbing.假如昨天沒(méi)下雨，我們就去了。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有去）。Let'shaveatry!PracticeWithsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone2.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurriedPractice3.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.

--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.

A.mustn’tsee B.can’thaveseen

C.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee4.AuntMary______thetrain,otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.

A.musthavemissed B.shouldhavemissed

C.hadmissed D.mightmiss四.可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need、dare

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞needdare

1.無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑問(wèn)句中;*在if/whether之后;*或與hardly,never,noone,nobody連用;3.常以needn’t

和daren’t

的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過(guò)去時(shí)dared.

多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing

五．其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法１情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare,need通常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句

Whodaredoit?Dareyougooutalone?

dare,need還可用作行為動(dòng)詞，可以用于各種句式，后面可跟加to的不定式

A.whodaredoit?B.Hedarestodoit.A.Heneedn’tdoitB.heneedstodoit

上述句子中A句為含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，B句中dare.need均為行為動(dòng)詞

Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?判斷正誤:Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.五.表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法:

部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)之一。

mustn’t不準(zhǔn),禁止needn’t沒(méi)必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不應(yīng)該(=oughtnotto)

Howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs?Functions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、語(yǔ)境)ThinkingFunctions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、語(yǔ)境)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的難點(diǎn)反義疑問(wèn)句Thinking表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughttohavetodare(daren’t)need(needn’t)usedto表示推測(cè)不表示推測(cè)modalverbsHemusthaveacarnow.１.must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，可以推測(cè)現(xiàn)在/正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

他一定有一輛車(chē)．

他一定在教室里做練習(xí)。

他一定已完成了工作Hemusthavefinishedthework.Hemustbedoinghisexercisesintheclassroom.

一定不，不可能can’tcouldn’t Hecan’tbeathome.

Hecouldn'thavesaidsuchathing.

他們一定不在圖書(shū)館讀書(shū)。

約翰是很聰明的，他一定不會(huì)叫他兒子那樣做。

Theycan`tbereadinginthelibraryJohnisveryclever.Hecannothavetoldhissontodothat.２．可能肯定句may,might，could否定句may\mightnot（可能不）疑問(wèn)句can,could他可能正在睡覺(jué)。Thesestudentsmay/mighthaveseenthefilmbefore.

Theboymay/mightnotbewatchingTVathome.（現(xiàn)在否定句）

Hemay/mightbesleepingnowChoosethebestanswerstocompletethefollowingsentences:

1.–ThatmanmustbeSarah`shusband.

--No,he_____beherhusband.Sheisstillsingle.

A.can`tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.oughtto

2.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn`tverysure.

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will

3.–What____itbe?

--It______beamailbox,foritismoving.It______beacar.

A.can;can`t;mustB.can;can;must

C.can;mustn`t;mustD.must;mustn`t;can

B4.–Look,someoneiscoming.Guess__________.

--Jack.He`salwaysontime.

A.whocanitbeB.whohemay

C.whohecanbeD.whoitcanbe

5.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.

--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.

A.mustn`tsee B.can`thaveseen

C.mustn`thaveseenD.couldn`tsee

6.David,you_____playwiththevaluablebottle,you_______breakit.

A.won`t;can`t B.mustn`t;may

C.shouldn`t;must D.can`t;shouldn`t

反義疑問(wèn)句在反意疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)附屬部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的must,can’t時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與must,can’t后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致。

1.Hemustbeaworker,

?2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,

?3.YoumusthavelearnedEnglishformanyyears,?4.Hecan`tbeateacher,

?5.Shecan`thavefinishedherhomework,

?

didn`tithaven`tyouisn`theishehasshe1.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoAD3.ShallIgive