肯定句：…h(huán)ave/has+done否定句：…h(huán)ave/hasnot

+done一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/has...done?PresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句：：…h(huán)adnot

+done一般疑問(wèn)句：PastPerfectTense過(guò)去完成時(shí)…h(huán)ad+done否定句Had...

done?Yes,…h(huán)ad.No,…h(huán)adn’t.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞＋had…done…?KobeBryanthadalreadywonthreeNBAChampionswithShaqO’Nealbeforehewonthefourthonein2009.TheWaltDisneyCompanyhadalreadyowned5DisneyLandby2016whentheoneinShanghaistartedrunning.過(guò)去完成時(shí)概念概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。Theywereputintoboxes.ThentheyweresenttoMadagascar.TheyhadbeenputintoboxesbeforetheyweresenttoMadagascar.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù):由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定by+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Norabbithadbeenpoliceofficerby2010.(2)bytheendof+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：MonkeyKinghadbeenlockedupfor500yearsbytheendofhisprisonterm.TuringhadbrokentheEnigma(德軍密碼系統(tǒng))beforethetimeof1945.FromTheImitationGame(3)before+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：2.沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定：賓語(yǔ)從句中:在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Hesaidthattheyhadgotavault(金庫(kù))set.Thelittleprincehadleftbeforethemanfixedhisplane.(2)主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：McQueenwenttothesmalltown.Dr.Hudsonwasaracecar.Dr.HudsonhadbeenaracecarwhenMcQueenwenttothesmalltown.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如：Theywentintotheundergroundworld.Dinosaurshavelivedintheundergroundworldformanyyears.Whentheywentintotheundergroundworld,theyfoundthatdinosaurshadlivedintheundergroundworldformanyyears.4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如:1.WhenI______________(arrive)atthestation,he____________(leave)2..We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.4.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe________already______(do)5.She____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(be)therebefore.6.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.7.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.8.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.9.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.10.She_____________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______________(sing).arrivedhadhadlearnedhaddonefinishedhadleft