1初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)上海求實(shí)教育內(nèi)部資料冠詞（art.）用在名詞前,幫助說(shuō)明其意義冠詞分為不定冠詞a／an和定冠詞the,放在名詞前、a／an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,a用于輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前）。1.不定冠詞（1）不定冠詞的用法①泛指—類(lèi)人或物。eg.Thisisapencilcase.She’Sadoctor.②指不具體的某個(gè)人或物。eg.ImetanoldmanOnmywayhome.③用在序數(shù)詞前eg.There’sathirdboyneartheshop.④表示“每—（個(gè)）”,相當(dāng)于every.eg.Theyhavemusiclessonstwiceaweek.,相當(dāng)于another.⑤固定搭配。alotOf,alot,alittle,afew,aglassOf,sucha／an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,tenYuanakilo（2）不定冠詞的位置①不定冠詞—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。eg,abike,anegg②當(dāng)名詞被such,what,many修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishmyhomework.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.Whatadangerousjobitis！Manyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.③當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。Eg.Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation.Howniceafilmthisis！quite,rather,very時(shí)，不定冠詞放在quite,rather之后,very之前。④當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和eg.Itisquiteagoodbook.Thatisratherausefultoo1.Thisisaveryinterestingstory2.定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過(guò)的人或物。eg：lhavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theboy’snameisMark.Thegirl’snameisPenny.（2）特指某（些）人或物。eg：ThegirlinareddresscomesfromAmerica.（3）指說(shuō)話(huà)人和聽(tīng)話(huà)人都熟悉的人或物。eg：Myshoesareunderthebed.（4）用在形容最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)前。egTomisthetallerofthetwoboys.（5）用在egMondayistheseconddayofaweek.（6）yo用在獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前（如太陽(yáng)、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。cgThemoonmovesroundtheearth.（7）用在某些形容詞前，表示—類(lèi)人或物。序數(shù)詞前。世界上Therich（富人）,thepoor（窮人）,thedeaf（聾人）,theblind（盲人）,thedead（死者）,thewounded（傷員）（8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。eg.TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome.（9）用在樂(lè)器前。eg.playthepiano／guitar／violin／drums.（10）用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個(gè)世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。2eg.Inthe1970s,ahighwaywasbuilttolinkupthecitywithmyhometown.Ithinkheisinthethirties.（11）用在某些專(zhuān)有名詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。theUnitedNations,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,intheend,intheday,inthemiddleOf,allthetime,intheeast,bytheway,OnthewaytO,the（more）……the（more）…“越…越…”3.在有些詞組中，用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。inhospital（在住院）；inthehospital（在醫(yī)院）inprison（在坐牢）；intheprison（在監(jiān)獄里）attable（吃飯,用餐）；atthetable（在桌旁）infrontof（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）；inthefrontof（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）gotocollege（上大學(xué)）；gotothecollege（去那所大學(xué)）takeplace（發(fā)生）；taketheplace（代替）定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣a.口訣1.有水無(wú)湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the;單個(gè)湖不用the,(但多個(gè)湖用the);theRedSea,thePacificOcean,thePersianGulf,theYangtzeRiverTheGreatLakes(五大湖）；LakeErie(伊利湖）2.有球無(wú)星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the:Mars,Venus;3.有山無(wú)峰：TheHuangshanMountains(黃山）；MountEverest(珠穆朗瑪峰）；Mount(orMt.)Tai(泰山）.4.有獨(dú)無(wú)歐（偶）：獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，theearth,themoon,thesun用the;歐洲等七大洲不用the.Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Antarctica,Oceania5.有（足）族無(wú)球（運(yùn)動(dòng)）：種族用the:theIndians(印第安人)；球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)baseball,basketball6.有文無(wú)章：歷史性的文件用the;小說(shuō)等的章節(jié)不用theTheConstitution(憲法）;chapterone7.學(xué)而不專(zhuān)：學(xué)校放在詞組的前面時(shí)用the;專(zhuān)有名詞放在詞組的前面時(shí)不用the;TheUniversityofFudan;FudanUniversity零冠詞精講1.專(zhuān)有名詞前一不般加冠詞China中國(guó)Europe歐洲LeiFeng雷鋒2.月份、周日、節(jié)日前一不般加冠詞一月份WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亞JanuarySunday星期日ChristmasDay圣誕節(jié)勞動(dòng)節(jié)Thanksgiving感恩節(jié)NationalDay國(guó)慶節(jié)MayDay比較：...onaSundaymorning.在一個(gè)星期天的早晨...（表示某一個(gè)。）3.三餐、四季前一不般加冠詞Ihavelunchatschool.我在學(xué)校吃午餐。Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季節(jié)。比較：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。（表示某一個(gè)）ThedinnergivenbyMrSmithwasverynice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比較：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.3我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在夏威夷度過(guò)的那個(gè)夏天。（表示特指）4.進(jìn)行球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)playbasketball打籃球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.沒(méi)有特指的物質(zhì)名詞Thiscartismadeofwood.這輛手推車(chē)是用木頭作的。比較：Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木頭都濕了。（表示特指）6.沒(méi)有特指的不可數(shù)抽象名詞Timeisprecious.時(shí)間是寶貴的。比較：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.這個(gè)劇本的時(shí)代背景是二十世紀(jì)九十年代。（表示特指）7.沒(méi)有特指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式后。8.山峰MountQomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰9.固定詞組gotoschool去上學(xué)gotobed上床睡覺(jué)gobytrain乘火車(chē)去gobyboat乘船去attable在用餐inhospital住院atschool求學(xué)inschool求學(xué)atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在半夜intown在城里10.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞不加冠詞Aboycamein,bookinhand.一個(gè)男孩進(jìn)來(lái)，手上拿著書(shū)。11.指泛人類(lèi)Manismortal.人必有一死。12.在"kindof＋名詞sortof＋名詞"句式中Whatkindofflowerisit?這是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我喜歡這種書(shū)。13.指職位、頭銜的詞，如king，captain，president，chairman等。Heis(the)captainoftheteam.他是球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。As(the)chairmanofthecommittee,Ideclarethemeetingopen.作為委員會(huì)主席，我宣布會(huì)議開(kāi)始。3.不用冠詞的情況（1）名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.（2）名詞前有物主代詞my,your,hisher,their等時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Lucyishersister.（3）名詞前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代詞時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.WhichmanisMrGreen？Eachstudenthasabeautifulpicture.（4）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或物時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.（5）物質(zhì)名詞表示種類(lèi)時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Snowiswhite.（6）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Doesshelikemusic？（7）在球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類(lèi)游戲前時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.playbasketball／soccer／chess（8）在三餐前不用冠詞。eg.havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner（9）在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,Beijing,University,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,January（10）在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞。4eg.MyfavoriteisEnglish.|1練習(xí)題()1HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2Alittleboywrote____"U"and___"n"onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.A.an;anB.an;theC.ah;aD.a;a()6Acomputerisusefultoolin'oworldtoday.A.an;theB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a2()1Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha()2MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()3Heis___boy.A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older()4Fsaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.A.theB.aC.anD./()5Nowheis___artist.1haveknownhimsincehewas___one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a3()1.Whichbigger___elephantor___horse?A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the()2____monkeycanclimb____trees.A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/()3____rainsarefasterthan____buses.A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a()4-HaveyoulearnedGerman?-Yes.It's___languageI'veeverlearned.A.aquitedifficultB:quiteadifficultC.difficultquiteD.difficultaquite()5Someanimals,like____cat,____dogor____wolf,donotneedtohibernate(冬眠).A./;/;theB.the;the;theC.a;/;the,D.the;/;/4()1Yesterdayweheld____talkwiththeminthehall.A.theB.thisC.aD.an()2Mymotherhad___fever,soIhadtolookafterher.AaB.theC,/D.this()3Lookingat,hetook___deepbreath.A./B.aC.thatD.its()4Iusuallygooutfor___walkafter____tea;A:a;/B./;theC.a;aD.the;a()5Afterthattheyhad____sleep.A.anightgoodB.anight'sgoodC.agoodnightD.agoodnight's5()1Itis____sincewe____lasttime.A.longtime;metB.alongtime;meetC.alongtime;metD.thelongtime;meet5()2Therecame____greatnoise.Itfrightenedus.A.theB.aC./D.that()3Itis____pleasuretoworkwiththeseworkers.A.anB./C.aD.this()4After____quickbreakfastIhurriedto____school.A./;/-rB.a;/C.the;the-D.the;/6()1Thisis____egg.____eggisbig.A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The()2Thereis___'Win___word"map".A.a;anB.an;aC.an;theD.a;the()3Hereisbasket.___basketismine.A.a;TheB.the;An.C.a;AD.the;A()4Thereis____bridgeoverthere.____bridgeismadeofwood.A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;The()5Heordered____booksometimeagoandnow____bookhasarrived.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the7()1Shesaw____EnglishfilmlastSunday.ButshecannotrememberA.an;a;aB.a;the;aC.an;the;aD.an;the;thenameof___film.()2Thereis___oldmanunder___tree.A.an;theB.the;aC.a;theD.an;/()3-Whatwas___yesterday?-November24.A.dateB.thedateC.dayD.theday()4Weshallvisityourcountryin____comingyear.A.aB.theC.oneD.that()5Motherdoesmostof___athome.A.cleaningB.acleanC.thecleaningD.clean8()1-Whoseroomisthat?-It's___.A.thetwins'B.ofLucyandLilyC.ofthetwinsD.thetwins()2I'mbusy____.A.atthemomentB.atthatmomentC.inamomentD.justamoment()3____bookisveryuseful.Iboughtitfrom____unknownlittletown.A.A;aB.The;aC.A;anD.The;an()4Englishis____interestingsubjectformostofstudents.A.the;anB.the;theC.an;/D.an;the()5___girlin___GradeThreeis___tallestinourschool.A.The;the;theB.A;a;aC.The;/;theD.A;/;a9()1MrWhiteliveson___floor.A.thefifteenB.fifteenC.thefifteenthD.fifteenth()2AboynamedDingWeikickedagoalearly____ofthematch.A.intheonehalfB.inthefirsthalfC.forthefirsthalfD.forhalfone()3Hehastriedtwice,andthecaptainaskshimtohave____thirdtry.A.theB.aC.anotherD.other()4Chinaisoneof___oldestcountriesin___world.A.the;theB.the;/C.a;aD.an;the()5Maryis____onlygirlwhohasbeentoAmerican.A.aB.thefc.anD./106()IWecansee___sunand___moonin___picture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the()2omoonmovesaround____earth,andtheybotharesmallerthanA.The;an;aB.A;the;theC./;/;/D.The;the;the()3Parisis___capitalofFrance.sun.A.aB./C.oneD.the11()1____Brownsarrivedthereyesterdayevening.A./B.AC.TheD.An()2Whynotaskyourfathertodraw____mapforyouifyouwanttogetto___Alice'shouseeasily?A.a;anB./;anC.the;aD.a;/()3____Brownsaresittingat____breakfasttable.A./;aB.The;/C.The;theD./}the()4___Turnerscouldnotpayfor___colourTVset.A.The;aB./;theC./;aD.The;/()5Theywentto.Smiths'andstayedthereforhalf____hour.A./;anB.the;aC.a;theD.the;an12()1Cottonisgrownin____China.A.northB.thenorthofC.thenorthD.anorth()2It's____pleasuretosee____sunrisingin____east.A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the()3Mostofusarefrom____.A.thesouthB.southC.thesouthernD.southern()4___UnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.A.AnB.AC.TheD./13()IHelikesplaying___piano,hedoesn'tlikeplaying____football.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/()2Tomenjoysplaying____footballwhileIenjoyplaying____pianoverymuch.A.the;theB.a;aC./;theD.the;/()3Yesterdayhismotherbought____pianoand___basketballinthatbigshop.A.the;aB.a;aC./;/D.some;two14()1____night,astrangerknockedatthedoor.A.OneB.TheC.AnD.A()2Weoftenplayfootballin___oftheschoolbuilding.A.afrontB.frontsC.frontD.thefront()3There'sgoingtobe___Englishtestnextweek.A.an;a.B.an;/C.the;aD.an;the()4Thereisamapon____leftofthepicture.A.theB./C.aD.an()5Hetakesabathin____evening.A.theB./C.aD.an15()1Weshouldlookafter___old.A.theseB.thoseC.theD.an()2Theyoungnurseiskindto____illinthehospital.A.aB.an0./D.the()3____poorinthosedayshadahardtime.A.AB.ThisC.TheD.Those()4Notall___beautifulisgood.7A.theB.aC./D.this16()1Theysailedalong____YellowRiverfortwoweeksbeforetheyarrived___home.A./;/B.the;/C.the;theD./;the()2Thestudentsofourschoolclimbed____WestMountains.A.theB.thisC.thatD./3Theshipissailingon____PacificOceanA.aB.theC./D.that17()1-Excuseme,mayIhave____water,please?-Sorry,thereisn't____waterin____bottle.A.any;any;theB.some;some;aC.some;any;theD.some;any;a()2Itisknowntoallthat___lighttravelsfasterthan___sound.A./;/B.a;aC.the;theD.the;/()3____water(Water)isnecessaryin____people'severydaylife.A./;/B.The;/C.The;theD./;the()4Icameherein____autumnof1982.A.oneB.aC.anD.the18()1___isthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.LessonsecondB.ThesecondlessonC.SecondlessonD.Secondlessons()2Tuesdayis___thirddayoftheweek.A.theB./C.aD.an()3Heisastudentof____.A.classFirstB.theclassoneC.ClassOneD.FirstClass()4Weweresolategettingtothetheatrethatwemissedmostof____.A.theactfirstB.ActOneC.actfirstD.firstact()5FlightNineteenfromNewYorktoWashingtonisnowarrivingatA.GateTwoB.thegatetwoC.thetwogateD.secondgate()6Helivedin____.A.theroom105B.the105roomC.the105oftheroomD.Room10519.()1Reading____bookscanaddtoknowledge.A.aB.thisC./D.that()2Allof____bookshereareChinese.A.theB./C.thoseD.that()3HelikeA./B.aC.theD.an20sports,suchasfootball,basketballandsoon.()1-WheredoesMikesit?-Hesits____.A.onanytherightB.atthefrontofmeC.onmyleftD.atthebackofme()2Mehas___fewEnglishbooks.Helentme,___fewofthemlastweek.A.the;.aB.the;aC.a;theD.this;that()3____MrSmithisateacher.A.TheB.AC.ThisD./()4Mondayismy____day.A.thebusiestB.busyC.busierD.busiest21()1Before___supper,Ialwaysplay___football.A.a;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the()2Let'sgoandtakeawalkafter___lunch.A.aB.theC./D.this()3Wehadapartyafter___mealthatday.A.aB.theC.oneD.8()4Whenwecalled,thefamilywereat____dinner.A./B.theC.aD.an22()1Marybecame___monitorofourclass.A.aB.anC./D.the()2Myfatheris____chairmanoftheclub.A.theB./C.anD.this()3Hewasmade___teamleader.A.ourB.thatC.aD.the()4MrWangiscomingtoourschoolA./B.TheC.AnD.Thistomorrow.()5____mother(Mother)islovedbyus.A.TheB./C.OneD.That23()1___learning(Learning)Englishisveryinterestingtome.A./B.TheC.AD.An()2Weallknowthat____walkingonthemoonisverydifficult.A.oneB.the.C./D.a()3___running(Running)everymorningisgoodforus.A.AB./C.ThisD.That24()1Shallwegotoseeourteacher?SheisillA.inahospitalB.inthehospitalC.inhospitalD.inhospitals.()2Haveyouevertraveledon____train?A.theB.a'C.anD./()3HeisgoingtoLondonby___sea.A.theB.aC.oneD./()4MarcoPolo