六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能所能充任的成分主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)此刻分詞△△△△V-ing形式動(dòng)名詞△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△過(guò)去分詞(done)△△△△注：此刻分詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞都能夠作獨(dú)立成分generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)；franklyspeaking坦率地說(shuō)；judgingfrom/by...依據(jù)來(lái)判斷；considering.../oconsideration考慮到；totellyouthetruth說(shuō)真話；seeing...考慮到；supposing假定，假如；providing假如；given考慮到，基于；providedthat假如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化非謂語(yǔ)組成語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)合構(gòu)造否認(rèn)式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedoneforsb.todotohavebeen進(jìn)行式tohavedonesth.done在“to”前加not不定式或達(dá)成式tobedoing/或neverofsb.todo達(dá)成tohavebeen/sth.進(jìn)行式doing一般式doingbeingdone在前加notsb.或sb’s特別注意復(fù)合構(gòu)造的動(dòng)名詞havingbeendoing否認(rèn)式：達(dá)成式havingdone作主語(yǔ)要用sb’snotdoingdonesb’sdoingsb’snothavingdone此刻分與動(dòng)名詞變化形式同樣在前加not詞在解非謂語(yǔ)習(xí)題時(shí)同學(xué)們碰到最大的困難有兩個(gè)：一是怎樣鑒別是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二是怎樣采用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其適合的形式。一、謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的比較非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明日來(lái)拜見(jiàn)你。翻譯成英語(yǔ)不是

Hewill

comevisit

you，而是

Hewill

cometovisityou.

這里就用了不定式

tovisit

。所以同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的構(gòu)造。例：

upinnotime.D.wouldstand剖析：stood是與sat并列的謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法功能的比較做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較狀況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen詞mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,只接動(dòng)名詞resist做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengaged詞或短語(yǔ)in,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,sticktobegin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具意義基體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）真同樣need,want,require（主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停反止正在做的事兩remember/forget/regrettodo（指goontodo（接著做此外一件事）者動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生）goondoing（接著做同一件事）都remember/forget/regretdoing（指可動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）以trytodo（想法，努力去做，全力）meantodo意義不（打當(dāng)作，妄圖做）同trydoing（試一試去做，看有何結(jié)果）meandoing（意思是，意味著）can’thelp（to）do（不可以幫忙beconsideredtohavedone被認(rèn)做）為已經(jīng)做了can’thelpdoing（不由得要做）considertobe以為是considerdoing考慮做某事非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的差別分常有動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系實(shí)時(shí)間例句類觀點(diǎn)ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,Iaskedtobesenttothecountryside.want,wish,不定主謂關(guān)系，重申換作將發(fā)生encourageIheardhimcallmeseveral式或已經(jīng)達(dá)成have,notice,see,times.watch,hear,feel,let,make此刻notice,see,watch,主謂關(guān)系，重申換作正在進(jìn)Ifoundherlisteningto分詞hear,find,keep,行，還沒(méi)有達(dá)成theradio.過(guò)去have,feel動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)達(dá)成，Wefoundthevillage分詞多重申?duì)顟B(tài)greatlychanged.IV.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的差別分類區(qū)別例句與被修飾詞常常有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表Ihavealotofpaperstotype.不定式示未來(lái)，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.生，達(dá)成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以前發(fā)生Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.(介詞at不可以丟)動(dòng)名詞往常指被修飾詞的用途，無(wú)邏輯上的主Shallwegototheswimmingpool?謂關(guān)系此刻分與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作theboilingwater/theboiledwater詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生thedevelopingcountry/the過(guò)去分與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作developedcou