考研外語提分試卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1、IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCalifornia,the1906SanFranciscoearthquake,whichhelpedgive(1)_____tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylater,wehaveahighlysuccessful(2)_____,calledplatetectonics,thatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen—alongwithwhycontinentsdrift,mountainsrise,andvolcanoes(3)_____thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe(4)_____triumphsofthehumanmind,geology's(5)_____tobiology'stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan'tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan'tevencome(6)_____.

Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand(7)_____outwhichonesareprobablydue(8)_____arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythat,overacertainnumberofyears,thereisacertain(9)_____ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina(10)_____spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.

Turningforecastsintopredictions—"amagnitude7earthquakeis(11)_____herethreedaysfromnow"—maybeimpossible,butscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe(12)_____ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratories,studyinghowstone(13)_____understress.Theyhike(14)_____ghostforestswheredeadtrees(15)_____oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecured,balancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas(16)_____inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaults,searchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis(17)_____theEarthisapatient(18)_____intensivecare.

(19)_____,wetellourselves—tryinghardtobepersuasive—theremustbesomewayto(20)_____orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground.

A.birth

B.rise

C.ground

D.way

2、(2)

A.impression

B.conception

C.judgment

D.theory

3、(3)

A.range

B.neighbor

C.line

D.border

4、(4)

A.signature

B.signal

C.significance

D.signification

5、(5)

A.response

B.reply

C.retort

D.answer

6、(6)

A.near

B.tight

C.nearby

D.close

7、(7)

A.count

B.put

C.figure

D.lay

8、(8)

A.to

B.for

C.in

D.of

9、(9)

A.feasibility

B.likelihood

C.likeness

D.assumption

10、(10)

A.given

B.taken

C.extended

D.engaged

11、(11)

A.expected

B.remained

C.welcomed

D.reserved

12、(12)

A.myths

B.secrets

C.mysteries

D.puzzles

13、(13)

A.behaves

B.performs

C.presents

D.treats

14、(14)

A.by

B.across

C.through

D.among

15、(15)

A.tell

B.speak

C.say

D.talk

16、(16)

A.quivered

B.shivered

C.trembled

D.shaken

17、(17)

A.evenif

B.asthough

C.ingeneral

D.sothat

18、(18)

A.with

B.in

C.at

D.over

19、(19)

A.Surely

B.Instead

C.However

D.Additionally

20、(20)

A.compose

B.expose

C.impose

D.oppose

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theclocktowerlooksoutovera38-hectarecampusgracedbyanornamentallakeandapillaredcentralhall.AddalittleivyanditcouldbealmostanyrespectedseatoflearningintheWest.Onlythehemisphereiswrong.ThisisNingbocampusofNottinghamUniversityinChina'sZhejiangprovince,halfaworldawayfromitsBritishhome.TeachingisinEnglish,thefirstlanguageofthestaff.Lastyearthecollege,ajointventurewithaChineseenterprise,openeditsdoorsto900localstudentslookingforaninternationaleducationwithoutleavinghome.Withinfiveyearstheirnumbersareforecasttoreach4,000.SayNottinghamUniversityprovostInaGow:"WhygoallthewaytoBritainwhenyoucanstudyinChinaathalftheprice?"

Goodquestion.Internationaleducationisnowaglobalindustryworth$30billionayear,withsome2millionstudentsstudyingabroad,afigurethat'sforecasttotrebleby2022.Inparticular,thesurgingeconomiesofIndiaandChinaareproducingfarmorewould-begraduatesthantheirowncollegescanaccommodate.ButpreferencesarechangingfastasthriftystudentsgiveuptheirtraditionalfavoritesintheWestandchoosetostayclosertohome.Thatmeansachangeinstrategyforrecruit-hungrycollegesandgovernments.SaysAndreasSchleicher,aneducationexpertattheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,"Therealinternationaldimensionisthatwenolongermovestudentsaroundtheworld;wemovetheprovidersandcontentsinstead."

Itdoesn'ttakeaPh.Dtospotthetrends.TheUnitedStatesstillattractsmorethanaquarterofalloverseasstudents,butitsmarketshareisslipping.Britain,inthesecondslot,sawthenumberofapplicantsfromChinadipby20percentlastyear.Factorsincludeexpenseandtighterentryregulation.TheUnitedStateslastyearrelaxedsomeofitscontrolsbutnotbeforelosingsomeoftherichstudentbusinessfromtheMiddleEast.Britishuniversitiesarecomplainingloudlyatthegovernment'sdecisiontodoublethepriceofastudentvisa.

ThebigbeneficiariesarebackintheEast,closetohomeforIndianandChinesestudents.Withgenerousstatehelp,Australiancollegesnowattract9percentofoverseasstudents,afteradecadeofdouble-digitincreases.Australians'goal:560,000foreignstudents—almostthreetimestoday'sfigure—by2025,withAsiansaccountingforsome70percentofthetotal.What'sgoodforthecollegesisalsogoodforthenationalaccounts.InternationaleducationnowranksasAustralia'sfourthlargestsourceofexportdollarsaftercoal,tourismandironore.

WecaninferthatthekeyfeatureofNingbocampusofNottinghamUniversityisthat

A.ithasawesternstyle.campus.

B.itchargeshalfthepriceofNottinghamUniversity.

C.itprovidessimilareducationasinNottingham.

D.itisajointventurewithaChineseenterprise.

2、

Studentschoosetostayclosertohomemainlybecauseof

A.theirfearofhomesickness.

B.thesurgingeconomyoftheirhomecountry.

C.thechangingpatternofworldeducation.

D.theirpersonaleconomicreason.

3、

AccordingtoAndreasSchleicher,thetrendsofeducationisthat

A.studentswillchoosetostudyintheirowncountry.

B.Westerncountriesstillhavestrongattractionforstudents.

C.AustraliawillsurpasstheU.S.andBritaininthemarketshare.

D.Universitieswillbemoreactiveinsuitingtheneedsofstudents.

4、

WhathashappenedtotheU.S.andBritainintermsofoverseasstudents?

A.TheU.S.staysfirmlyasNo.1choiceforstudents.

B.Britainraisedby20percentitsoverseasstudentslastyear.

C.Bothcountriesforecastariseinthestudentnumber.

D.Bothcountriesarelosingtheirmarketshare.

5、

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.AustraliamightbecomeNo.1ininternationaleducation.

B.Australiawillcontinuetobenefitfrominternationaleducation.

C.StudentnumberinAustraliaisforecasttotrebleby2022.

D.AustraliawillbecomethefirstchoiceforAsians.

6、JeffreySachsisamacroeconomistbytraining,anexpertinthevagariesofbusinesscyclesandinternationalfinance.Butgivethemanl0minutesonstage,andascholarlysymposiumstartstofeellikearevivalmeeting."LetmetakeyoutoMalawi,"heurgesatypicalaudience,leaningintothemicrophoneandloweringhisvoice.LikemostcountriesinsouthernAfrica,MalawihasSeenravagedbyAIDSfortwodecades.OneadultinsevenisHIV-positive,andsome2millionchildrenhavebeenorphaned.Butinsteadofhurlingnumbersathislisteners,SachstransportsthemtoQueenElizabethCentralHospitalinBlantyre,asitehevisitedthisyearwhiletravelingwiththerockstarBono.

Atoneendofthefacilityisasmalloutpatientclinicwherepeoplewhocanpay$1adayreceivelife-sustainingAIDSdrugs."Theytakethemedicineandtheygetbetter,"Sachsdeclares."Theyreturntowork.Theygobacktocarefortheirchildren."Unfortunately,$1adayisnearlytwicewhatatypicalMalawianliveson.SomostAIDSpatientsendupinwardsliketheonejustdownthehallfromtheoutpatientclinic."ladiesandgentlemen",Sachstellsthenowhushedhall,"thisplagueisexploding.Itsconsequenceswillmaketheworldquake.Richcountriescouldstopthedevastation.Andmostarestilllookingaway."

Sachsisnotthefirsttosoundthisalarm,buthespeakswithspecialauthority.AsthenewlyappointeddirectorofColumbiaUniversity'sEarthInstitute,heheadsahuge,interdisciplinaryefforttohelppoorcountriesbuildsustainableeconomies.Insteadoftreatingclimatechange,epidemicdiseaseandsocialupheavalasdistinctphenomena,theinstitute's800scientistsstudythelinksamongsuchproblems—andworktotranslatetheirinsightsintoaction.Sachsalsochairsblue-ribbonpanelsfortheWorldHealthOrganization,advisesU.N.Secretary-GeneralKofiAnnanondevelopmentissuesandcirclestheglobepleadingwithpolicymakerstosupporttheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS.Inthecomingyearhe'llhelpseednewtreatment-and-preventionprogramsthroughoutAsiaandAfrica.

FromSachs'sperspective,controllingAIDSisnotonlyamoralimperativebutalsoapracticalnecessity.Asheisforevertryingtoconvincepoliticalleaders,diseasecanperpetuatepoverty,ruineconomiesandunderminecivicorder.AsaSachs-ledWHOcommissionconcludedlastyear,"Theburdenofdiseaseinsomelow-incomeregions...standsasabarriertoeconomicgrowthandmustbeaddressedfrontallyandcentrallyinanycomprehensivedevelopmentstrategy."Asagroup,theworld'srichestcountriesnowspendjust$6billionayearinhealth-relateddevelopmentassistance.TheSachscommissionconcludedthatbyraisingthecommitmentto$27billionby2022and$38billionby2022,wewouldsave8millionliveseveryyearwhileimprovingathirdoftheworld'sprospectsforprosperity.

JeffreySachsisnowdevotedto

A.thetrainingofmacroeconomists.

B.internationalfinance.

C.symposiumsandconferences.

D.thefundraisingworkforpoorcountries.

7、

JeffreySachsdescribedthesituationinMalawiinorderto

A.giveexamplesofthepoorconditioninMalawi.

B.criticizethe$1priceofthedrugs.

C.appealtotheaudiences'symphathy.

D.showhissympathytoMalawianpeople.

8、

Accordingtothetext,sustainableeconomy

A.focusesonsoil,climate,diseaseandsoonrespectively.

B.takesallproblemsintoconsiderationandactsaccordingly.

C.isonlypossibleafterallepidemicdiseaseswereeradicated.

D.isfarfromthereachofthepoorcountries,

9、

TheauthormadealistofSachs'spositionstoshowthat

A.Sachsisabletooffergreathelpinsolvingthepresentproblems.

B.Sachsisexcellentbothinacademyandpolitics.

C.Sachsisawidely-recognizedexpert.

D.Sachsistheexampleforthereaderstofollow.

10、

AnimmediateandeffectiveactionthatSachs-ledcommissiontookisto

A.makecommentsonrelatedissues.

B.urgerichcountriestoofferhelptopoorcountries.

C.scuddoctorstothepoorcountries.

D.criticizetherichestcountries.

11、CananyonecompetewithMicrosoftintheworldofsoftwareapplications?Foryearsnow,BillGatesCo.havehadclearsailing:theWindowsoperatingsystemmonopolyhashelpedmaketheirkeyproducts—likeWordandOutlook—intounbeatablejuggernauts.Meanwhile,innovationinthoseareasproceedsonlyatthepacethatMicrosoftdeemsappropriate.

TheOpenSourceApplicationsFoundationhasadifferentidea:topromotefreesoftwareandinnovationbycreatingcoolnewapplicationsonabare-bonesbudget.Thenot-for-profitOSAFwasinitiallyfundedwith$5millionfromformerLotusDevelopmentCorp.founderMitchKapor.ForKapor,thisisafascinatingdeparture.TwentyyearsagoheintroducedoneofthefirstkillerapplicationsofthePCage,theLotus1-2-3spreadsheet;itwasunabashedlyfor-profitandwasclosed-source.

ButKaporalwayshadhisheartinthecounterculture,andafterleavinghiscompanyheco-foundedtheElectronicFrontierFoundation,acyber-rightsorganization.Thoughhehasseensuccessasaninvestor,hefeelsstronglyabouttheopen-sourcemovement,whichpositsthatintheageofcomplexsoftwaremanypeopleworkingfornothingcanduplicateorevenexceedtheeffortsoftherake-in-the-bucksgang.Andbecausethesourcecodeisavailabletoall,anyonecanimprovetheproduct.ThecontinuedsuccessoftheLinux-poweredoperatingsystemandApacheWebserversshowsthatopensourceisnowilddream,butaseriouschallengetotheestablishment.

SometimenextyeartheOSAFwillbegintestingitsfirstproduct,apersonal-informationmanagerthatdirectlytakesonMicrosoft'sOutlook.Namedafterthefamousmysterynovelist,ChandlerwillrunonMac,WindowsandLinux,beloadedwithcleverfeaturesandallowuserstoshareinformationwithothersonthingslikecalendarentries.And,ofcourse,itwillbefree.Kaporhassignedupanall-starteam,includingLouMontulli(NetscapeNavigatorbrowser)andprogramminglegendAndyHertzfeld.Alsoparticipating:thousandsofvolunteerswhobelieveinthebarn-raisingspiritoftheopen-sourcemovement.

Ultimately,Kaporhopestheprojectwillbeself-supporting,withmoneycomingfromcorporatesponsorships,foundationsandlicensingfees.

Fortheimmediatefuture,KaporthinksthatChandlerwillbesimplyanotheralternativeintheshadowofthegiant.Butlongterm,theOSAFseesaseachangeintheindustryitself."IfChandlerworks,Ican'tseewhywecouldn'tdoawordprocessororaspreadsheet,"saysKapor.Afterall,hepredicts,"in10yearsOfficeandWindowswillbecommodities."MeaningthattheOpenSourceApplicationsFoundation,oranyoneelse,willbeabletoplugitsproducts—includinganoperatingsystem-intoyourcomputingworld.Microsoft'swillcostmoney.Theotherswillbefree.IfKaporhashisway,it'salonggood-byeforMicrosoft'sdominance.

Microsoftcompanyinthesoftwareworld

A.hastakenafirmmonopoly.

B.controlledalltheinnovation.

C.hasnocompetitors.

D.developedthebestsoftware.

12、

Kapor'spurposeoffundingOSAFisto

A.developasubsidiaryforLotusDevelopmentCorp.

B.unabashedlyearngreatprofit.

C.popularizenewsoftwarefreeofcharge.

D.departfromLotusDevelopmentCorp.

13、

Theopen-sourcemovementisbasedontheideathat

A.countercultureisimportant.

B.everyonecancontributeincreatingbettersoftware.

C.expertscanimproveasoftware.

D.itcanbeachallengetotheconventions.

14、

Basedonthepassage,itcanbepredictedthatChandler

A.willrunonMac,WindowsandLinux.

B.willbewelcomedbymanypeople.

C.willbeloadedwithcleverfeatures.

D.willbeagreatsuccessinbusiness.

15、

WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheOSAF?

A.itwillonlyprovidealternativesoftware.

B.itwilldevelopintoanotherMicrosoft.

C.itwillendtheMonopolyofMicrosoft.

D.itwillbecomecommodities,

16、Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2022afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressure—inlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuaryStarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitsglobalmiddle-marketbrand,FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree—includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom,LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestInvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor￡35,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:GuestInvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingacheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.

Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto

A.takebudgetairlines.

B.booklower-pricedhotels.

C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels.

D.becustomersofluxurioushotels.

17、

Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?

A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates.

B.Theychargemoreonextraservices.

C.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers.

D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal.

18、

Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownpricesbecause

A.travelersonlyhavelimitedbudget.

B.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness.

C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices.

D.travelersdemandforextraservices.

19、

Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-to-lethotel

A.providesbetterroomandservice.

B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers.

C.costslessandcanbeprofitable.

D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome.

20、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Businesstravelerswillspendlesstimeinhotels.

B.GuestInvesthasmadeagreatsuccess.

C.Traditionalhotelswillsuffermorepressurethantheyusedto.

D.Traditionalhotelswilllosemanycustomers.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutdifferenttypesoffriendship,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexamplefromthelistforeachnumberedsubheading.

Iwasthinkingabouthoweverybodycan'tbeeverythingtoeachother,butsomepeoplecanbesomethingtoeachother,thankGod,fromtheoneswhoseshoulderyoucryontotheoneswhosehalfslipsyouborrowtothenamelessonesyouchatwithinthegroceryline.

(41)Buddies:

Theyaretheworkhorsesofthefriendshipworld.Theyarethepeopleoutthereonthefrontlines,defendingyoufromlonelinessandboredom.

(42)WorkingFriend:

Thenthereisthatspecialguyatwork.Likealltheotherpeopleatthejobsitealfirsthe'sjustpartofthescenery.Butgraduallyhestartstostandoutfromthecrowd.

(43)AFarawayFriend

He/sheissomeoneyougrewupwithorwenttoschoolwithorlivedinthesametownasuntiloneofyoumovedaway.

(44)TheFormerFriend:

Ah,asadthing.Atbestasadmemory,atworstadangerousenemywhoisinpossessionofmanyofyourdeepestsecrets.

(45)FriendsYouLovetoHate:

Andlestweforget,therearethefriendsyoulovetohate.

ANewFriendisatonicunlikeanyother.Sayyoumeetherataparty,inyourbowlingleague.AtaJapaneseconversationclass,perhaps.Wherever,whenever,there'sthatsparkofrecognition.Thefirsttimeyoutalk,youcan'tbelievehowmuchyouhaveincommon.Suddenly,yourlifestoryisinterestingagain,yourinsightsfresh,youropinionvalued.Yourvariousshortcomingsareasyetcompletelyinvisible.It'salmostlikefallinginlove.

A.Theycallatinopportunetimes.Theysaystupidthings.Theybuttin,theybossyouaround,theyembarrassyouinpublic.Theyinvitethemselvesover.Theytakeadvantage.You'vedonethebestyoucan,buttheyneedprofessionalhelp.Ontopofallthis,theyloveyoutodeathandareconvincedthey'reyourbestfriendsontheplanet.

B.Theycallyouup,theylistentoyourcomplaints,theycelebrateyoursuccessesandcurseyourmisfortunes,andyoudothesamefortheminreturn.Theyholdoutthroughinnumerablecrisesbeforeconcludingthatthepersonyou'redatingisnogood,andeventhenunderstandifyouignoretheirgoodcounsel.TheyaccompanyyoutoamoviewithsubtitlesortoseethedivingpigatAquarenaSprings.Theyfeedyourcatwhenyouareoutoftownandpickyouupfromtheairportwhenyougetback.

C.Whilesomanyfamilyrelationshipsaretingedwithguiltandobligation,arelationshipwithaRelativeFriendisrelativelyworry-free.Youdon'tevenhavetohideyourvicesfromthisdelightfulperson.WhenyouslipoutAuntJoan'sbackdoorforacigarette,sheisalreadythere.

D.Yourfriendshipiscementedbyjokesaboutcoworkersandthoughtfulfavorsaroundtheoffice.DidyouseeRyan'shair?"Wanthalfofmybread."Soonyouknowthenamesofhisturtles,whathedidlastFridaynight,exactlywhichmodelCDplayerhewantsforhisbirthday.Hishandwritingisasfamiliartoyouasyourown.

E.Butwhatwasitthatdroveyouapart?Amisunderstanding,abetrayedconfidence,anun-repaidloan,anill-conceivedflirtation.Apoorchoiceofspousecandoinafriendshipjustlikethat.Goingintobusinesstogethercanbeaseriousmistake.Time,money,distance,religions:allnotedfriendshipkillers.Youquitdoingdrugs,you'renotsuchgoodfriendswithyourdealeranymore.

F.Withoutthem,youwouldnevergetanymailaddressedinhandwriting.AFarawayFriendcallslateatnight,invitesyoutoherwedding,alwayssayssheiscomingtovisitbutrarelyshowsup.AnactualvisitfromaFarawayFriendisacauseforcelebrationandpartiesofallkinds.Cigarettes,Ch

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Arecentbodyofeconomicliteraturesupportsthenotionthattheself-employedaremoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsthanareemployees.TheresearchfindsthistobetrueacrossmostOECDcountries,withAustria,Finland,andGreecethemajorexceptions.

However,inSelf-Employment:MoreMayNotBeBetter(NBERWorkingPaperNo.10286),NBERResearchAs