施工安全手冊(cè)中英文）Constructionsafetymanual土耳其AYAS站項(xiàng)目TurkeyAYASPowerStationProject

序言Introduction隨著企業(yè)品牌的不斷升級(jí)，職業(yè)安全管理工作越發(fā)成為施工企業(yè)管理工作中的首要環(huán)節(jié)，東電一公司在AYAS電廠工程項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部在東電一公司建立健全職業(yè)安全管理體系的前提下，積極推行職業(yè)安全健康管理體系審核規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，遵守法律、法規(guī)和其它要求，完善機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置，加強(qiáng)全員培訓(xùn)教育，明確各職能部門、各層次人員在職業(yè)安全健康管理體系中的責(zé)任們將積極貫徹東電一公司誠(chéng)信守法，以人為本；節(jié)能降耗，保護(hù)環(huán)境；過程控制，確保安全；奉獻(xiàn)精品，顧客滿意；管理創(chuàng)新，持續(xù)改的質(zhì)量、環(huán)境和職業(yè)安全健康方針，確保公司職業(yè)安全Withconstantupgradingoftheenterprisetrademark,occupationalsafetymanagementmorethaneverbecomesthefirststepinmanagementofaconstructionenterprise.UnderthepreconditionofestablishingandperfectingtheoccupationalsafetymanagementsysteminNEPC,theAYASPowerPlantprojectmanagerdepartmentofNEPCpositivelypromotesoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystemcheckcodesandstandards,abidesbyrequirementsoflaws,regulationsandotherrequirements,perfectsorganizationconfiguration,strengthenstrainingeducationsofallemployees,anddeterminesresponsibilitiesofvariousfunctionaldepartmentsandvariouspersonsintheoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystem.Wewillpositivelyimplementthequality,environmentalandoccupationalsafetyhealthpoliciesofNEPCof“Honestlaw-abiding,people-oriented;energysavingandconsumptionreduction,protectingenvironments;processcontrol,ensuringsafety;offeringelaborateworks,customersatisfied;managementinnovation,constantimprovementensurerealizationofoccupationalsafetyobjectivesofNEPC.經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的職業(yè)安全管理工作實(shí)踐，我們?cè)诜e極吸收和借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外同行的先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)同時(shí)，為了進(jìn)一步提高我項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部職業(yè)安全管理工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和水平，我們組織相關(guān)人員編寫了這本《施工安全知識(shí)手冊(cè)“全通則、員工的

安全要求、安全管理技術(shù)、個(gè)人防護(hù)用品、各種工作安全要求、輻射材料安全、消防安全、工具及設(shè)備安全、反習(xí)慣性違章、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)模塊化管理、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)急救安全”等方面做了比較詳細(xì)的解讀，旨“內(nèi)強(qiáng)素質(zhì)、外樹形”，提高全員職業(yè)安全意識(shí)，從而為我們?cè)谑┕どa(chǎn)中營(yíng)造一個(gè)良好的安全氛圍。這也是我們積極開展預(yù)防和控制各類事故，保障勞動(dòng)者在勞動(dòng)過程中安全和健康的具體工作體現(xiàn)。我衷心的希望廣大職工積極行動(dòng)起來(lái)，加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)，強(qiáng)化管理，提高認(rèn)識(shí)，使我們的職業(yè)安全管理工作不斷進(jìn)步。Afteracertainperiodofpracticesonoccupationalsafetymanagement,weorganizerelatedpersonstopreparethe<Constructionsafetymanual>whilepositivelyabsorbingandreferringadvancedmanagementexperiencesofdomesticandforeigncolleaguestofurtherincreasestandardsandlevelsofoccupationalsafetymanagementoftheprojectmanagerdepartment.Ratherdetailexplanationsaremadeinsuchtheaspectsof“Safetygeneral,safetyrequirementsonemployees,safetymanagementtechniques,personalprotectionappliances,safetyrequirementsonvariousjobs,radiativematerialsafety,fireprotectionsafety,toolsandequipmentssafety,againstofhabitualpeccancy,fieldmodularizationmanagementandfieldfirst-aidsafety”Theobjectivesofthemanualareto“strengthenqualityinternandestablishimageexternally”andtoincreaseoccupationalsafetyconsciousnessofallemployees,soastocreateagoodsafetyatmosphereforusinconstruction.Itisalsothedetailedrepresentationofuspositivelydevelopingpreventionandcontrolofvariousaccidentsandguaranteeingsafetyandhealthoflaborsduringoperation.Isincerelyhopethatallemployeesactpositively,strengthenlearning,strengthenmanagementandincreaseunderstandingtoadvanceouroccupationalsafetymanagement.理Project1.0

簡(jiǎn)介Briefintroduction

objectiveofthemanualistohelpyouunderstandandabidesafetyregulationsoftheconstructionproject.Itisimportantthatyoumustunderstandworkwillbeimplementedinasafeway.Ifyoudontunderstand,youshouldstopworkingandunderstand,andthenbegintowork.Yoursafetyandhealthyaswellassafetyofpersonsjointlyworkingwithyoucompletelyonyouconstantandsincereendeavors.Actionsmustbetaken!……。istoimplementworkofeverydayinasafepattern.……Safetyistoprotectpersonsandequipmentsfromdangers.……Safetyisrequirementstheproject.Wemustabidebysafetyregulationsoftheprojectdepartment.willexplainsafetyregulationsofprojectdepartment安全生產(chǎn)警鐘長(zhǎng)

indetailwhenwetakeasafetyeducationforyou.

通則General2.1Absentee如果你不能來(lái)工作，應(yīng)告知你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人員。Ifcannotcometowork,youshouldtellyourworkprincipals.2.2Minorinjury每一傷害應(yīng)立即報(bào)告你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人員以便及時(shí)治療。Eachinjuryshouldbereportedtoyourworkprincipalsimmediatelyforconvenienceoftimelytreatment.2.3Dresses著裝需遵守項(xiàng)目部相關(guān)規(guī)定，統(tǒng)一著裝進(jìn)入施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。Dressesshouldcomplywithrelateddepartmentoftheprojectdepartmentandpersonsenteringtheconstructionfieldshouldputonuniformdresses.不可穿著會(huì)絞入機(jī)器中或造成意外的服拖地的褲腳或?qū)捤傻囊滦浠蛞路oushouldnotondresseswhichwillbewrungintomachinesorcauseaccidents(forexample,dragglingtrouserlegs,brokenorloosegussets,necktiesorclothes).必須隨時(shí)穿著襯衫肩部須塞入褲內(nèi)shouldwearshirtsatanymomenttocoveryourshoulderandtheshirtshouldbeslippedintotrousers.(Itisexceptionalforwelding.)2.4Walkonoffield除另有規(guī)定外應(yīng)靠右側(cè)行走工作區(qū)域或建筑物內(nèi)抄近路shouldwalkalongrightsideexceptthatitisregulatedotherwiseandyoushouldnottakeashortcutintheworkingareaorbuildings.2.5Running除極緊急外，不得在任何場(chǎng)所跑步。Youshouldnotrunonanyplacesexceptforveryemergentsituations.2.6Motorvehicles進(jìn)入施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的車輛必須辦理機(jī)動(dòng)車入場(chǎng)證，并服從安全保衛(wèi)人員管理。Motorvehicleentrancepermitsshouldbeobtainedforvehiclesenteringtheconstructionfieldandshouldobeymanagementofsafetyguardpersons.2.7Specialregulations本工地禁止喧鬧、打架、賭博、持有武器、持有或飲用酒或未經(jīng)許可的藥物。Clamor,fight,gambling,possessionofweapons,possessionordrinkingofwineorotherunapproveddrugsinthefieldisforbidden.

員工的全要求Safetyrequirementsonemployeesorderavoidinjuryduringwork,youmustmakegoodcommunicationswithsafetysupervisors,colleaguesandpersonswhichmightbeaffectedbyyourwork.Beforebeginningonework,youmustbefamiliarwithdangeroftheworkandunderstandavoidinjury.YoushouldReadthefollowingbasicsafetyexplanations,sufficientlyunderstandthepartapplicableforyourworkandcarrymanualwithyouforconvenienceofreferencingwhenmeetingdifferentsituations.3.1Personalsafetyequipments進(jìn)入施工場(chǎng)隨時(shí)需要戴安全帽。helmetsshouldbeputonatanymomentwhenenteringintotheconstructionfield.在許多工中需戴安全眼鏡。glassesshouldbeputoninmanyoperations.強(qiáng)烈建議著安全鞋。isstronglysuggestedthatsafetyshoesshouldbeputon.在米以上處作業(yè)時(shí)，必須系安全帶safetybeltmustbetiedifoperationsarecarriedoutattheplaceabove2m.對(duì)于某些殊的工作，應(yīng)配戴呼面罩與橡膠手套。Amaskandrubberglovesshouldbeputonforsomespecialoperations.絕大多數(shù)作需配戴勞保手套。protectionglovesmustbeputonformostofoperations.

3.2Toolsandequipments狀況須良，且在近期檢查過。mustbeingoodconditionsandhavebeencheckedrecently.只能由合人員使用。Theycanonlybeusedbyqualifiedpersons.不可改變具及護(hù)罩。Toolsprotectingcoversshouldnotbechanged.只能按其計(jì)目的使用工具。canbeusedonlyaccordingtotheirdesignobjectives.3.3Guardrails適用于地面挖掘坑洞的四周屋頂工作的邊緣，高空作業(yè)的周圍及所有打開孔蓋的四周。Guardrailsareapplicableforsurroundsofholesdugonground,edgesofroofwork,surroundsofoverheadoperationsandsurroundsofallopenedholecovers.3.4Ladders直梯或伸梯必須系牢。laddersorextensionladdersmustbefixedfirmly.必須全開橫撐定位并擺平穩(wěn)來(lái)用。laddermustbecompletelyextendedtoorientatethecrossbarsandsetlevelforuse.面向梯子工作，雙腳踏在橫桿。shouldworkbyfacingtheladderandbothfeetstandonthecrossbar.不要站立梯頂平臺(tái)或人字梯的上一級(jí)Youshouldnotstandonplatformattopoftheladderorthehighestgradeofatrestleladder.要防止梯滑動(dòng)有必要加防滑墊Youshouldpreventslidingoftheladderandanon-slipmatshouldbeprovidedifnecessary.除特殊情要與安全繩和防墜器一起使Exceptforspecialsituations,laddersshouldbeusedincombinationwithsafetyropesandsafetycatchers.3.5Scaffold需有扶手及中護(hù)欄，及擋腳板mustbeprovidedwithhandrails,middleguardrailsandforefootplates.在使用前住所有輪子。Allwheelsmustbelockedbeforeuse.有人在腳架時(shí)，絕不可移動(dòng)腳架。shouldnotbemovedifapersonisonthescaffold.如果超過層時(shí)就系緊。scaffoldsshouldbetiedfirmlyiftheyexceedtwolayers.使用梯子下腳手架——絕不可攀腳手架的件。shouldgetonanddownthescaffoldsbyusingaladder–youshouldnotclimbcomponentsofthescaffolds.應(yīng)將所有點(diǎn)閂住，包括移動(dòng)式手架的腳輪。jointsshouldbefastened,includingfootwheelsofmovablescaffolds.3.6Marks需要時(shí)使，不需要時(shí)迅速移掉shouldbeusedifnecessaryandshouldberemovedrapidlyifunnecessary.要注意標(biāo)上所說(shuō)明的事項(xiàng)。shouldbepaidonitemsexplainedonmarks.3.7Weldingandcuttingoperations清除附近燃的材料。Removesurroundingmaterials.檢查設(shè)備安全工作狀況。safetyworkingconditionsofequipments.在開始工前，先獲得動(dòng)火許可afirepermitbeforeworking.確認(rèn)附近火器的位置，或取一火器備用。Confirmpositionsofsurroundingfireextinguishersortakeafireextinguisherforuse.3.8Liftingoperation了解倒鏈繩卡，卡環(huán)（卸扣）正確使用方法Understandcorrectusemethodsofjacks,cableheadsandsnaprings(shackle).使用拉繩控制吊物方向。apullropetocontroldirectionoftheobjecttobelifted.了解起重備的額定負(fù)載及吊物重量。Understandloadoftheliftingequipmentandweightoftheobjecttobelifted.3.9Fireprotection只可在指地區(qū)吸煙。Onlyatadesignatedregion.不可使用隨擦隨著”火柴。usewithrub”matches.對(duì)于焊接切割或其他明火等作應(yīng)先獲得許可。apermitforwelding,cuttingorotheropenfireoperations.了解火警號(hào)，同時(shí)知道如何報(bào)。firealarmsignalsandunderstandhowtogiveanalarm.清楚滅火位置及如何使用。positionofuseoffireextinguishers.3.10Risklabels適當(dāng)填寫并標(biāo)示在不得作的開關(guān)及閥門位Risklabelsshouldbeproperlyfilledandbemarkedatpositionsofswitchesandvalveswhichshouldnotbeoperated.印上不可亂動(dòng)—不操作”字樣。shouldbemarkedwiththesampleofmoverandomly–notoperate”.進(jìn)入施工場(chǎng)的人員有責(zé)任互相醒，使充分認(rèn)識(shí)到險(xiǎn)標(biāo)簽的義。Personsenteringconstructionfieldshavetheresponsibilitiesofremindingwitheachothertosufficientlyunderstandmeaningsoftherisklabels.3.11Permission在開始焊接容器工作或任何挖掘工作之前獲得工作許可beginningwelding,enteringcontainersorperforminganydiggingoperations,workpermissionshouldbeobtainedfirstly.3.12Digging深度超過米時(shí)挖掘坑邊壁須做支或放坡。Whendepthexceeds1.5m,sidewallsofthedugpitshouldbesupportedorsloped.具有適當(dāng)進(jìn)出通道。Properentranceandexitpassagesshouldbeprovided.搭設(shè)圍護(hù)對(duì)其人員作成護(hù)Guardrailsshouldbeprovidedtoformprotectionforotherpersons.棄土堆離口邊緣米。Thediscardedsoilpileshouldbe1mfarawayfromedgeofthepitopening.

3.13Inflammablesubstances儲(chǔ)藏在有當(dāng)標(biāo)簽的容器內(nèi)。shouldbestoredinacontainerwithaproperlabel.遠(yuǎn)離煙火焊接、切割或其他熱。shouldbefarawayfromsmoke,fire,andwelding,cuttingorotherhotsources.3.14Safetyindication在作業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人未詳細(xì)的把工作說(shuō)明清楚之前始工作shouldnotbebegunbeforetheoperationprincipalexplainstheworkindetail.3.15Workneatness將每一物放置在適當(dāng)位置。substanceshouldbeplacedatproperpositions.將垃圾及他廢棄物，放置在規(guī)的容器內(nèi)，用于放易燃及有物質(zhì)的容器應(yīng)加蓋。Garbageandotherwastesshouldbeplacedinregulatedcontainersandthecontainersforcontaininginflammableandharmfulsubstancesshouldbecovered.在工作進(jìn)中要保持工具及工作所的整潔。Neatnessoftoolsandworkingplacesshouldbekeptduringwork.將電線及管固定在離地米的地方或平放在人行道外andrubberpipesshouldbefixedontheplacewhichis2mabovethegroundorflatlyplacedoutsidethepavements.將所有材工具及設(shè)備放置在穩(wěn)固的位（系牢堆積或加墊以止?jié)L動(dòng)或墜落Allmaterials,toolsandequipmentsshouldbeplacedinafirmposition(fastenedfirmly,piledorfilledwithpads)topreventrollingorfalling.保持所有出通道清潔無(wú)阻。entranceandexitpassagesshouldbekeptneatandsmooth.定期處理圾。Garbageshouldbedisposedregularly.4.0

安全管技術(shù)SafetymanagementtechniquesExperiencesusethatsafetysupervisionpersonsandtechniciansshouldfollowthefollowingsafetyprotectionmethodssevereinjuriesduringoperationshouldavoided.Theobjectiveofthissectionistotellyouhowatechnicianusesthesemethods.4.1Workdistributionandsafetyindication在指派某人一項(xiàng)任務(wù)以前論是新工作或重復(fù)的工作全監(jiān)察人員有責(zé)任向他說(shuō)明該項(xiàng)工作的安全預(yù)防措施及在工作進(jìn)行以前應(yīng)采取的預(yù)防措施。Beforeataskisassignedtooneperson,nomatteritisnewworkorrepeatedwork,thesafetysupervisorsshouldhavetheresponsibilityofexplainingthesafetyprecautionsoftheworkandprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforetheworkiscarriedout.你有責(zé)任了解及遵守這些說(shuō)明，如果你不了解時(shí)，就問，如果你的上司未對(duì)你說(shuō)明時(shí)，也問，如果你有身體上的限制時(shí)，應(yīng)告訴你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人。Youshouldhavetheresponsibilityofunderstandingandabidingbytheseexplanations.Youshouldaskeitherwhenyoudon’understandoryourseniordoesnttellyou.IfyouhaveRestrictionsonyourbody,youshouldtellyourworkprincipal.4.2Distraction工作時(shí)分心是極危險(xiǎn)的有私人問題經(jīng)常困擾著你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人指派工作前作考慮Distractionduringworkisverydangerous.Ifprivateproblemsoftentroubleyou,youshouldtellyouworkprincipalforconvenienceofconsideringbeforeassigningthework.4.3Meeting安全監(jiān)察人員將召集所屬人員定期開會(huì)，以講解安全預(yù)防措施，使之深入你的腦海，你應(yīng)參加此項(xiàng)會(huì)議，提出你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不了解時(shí)就要發(fā)問。Thesafetysupervisorsshouldcallintheaffiliatedpersonstoholdmeetingsregularlytoexplainsafetyprecautionssothatyoucanunderstandtheseprecautionsdeeply.Youshouldtakepartinsuchameeting,raiseyourexperiencesandputaquestionifyoudon’tunderstand.4.4Workneatness保持工作場(chǎng)所整潔成安全工作習(xí)慣的第一步包括下列各項(xiàng)Keepingplacesneatisthefirststeptoculturesafeworkinghabits.Itmainlyincludesfollowingitems:工具與施材料的妥善放置。placetoolsandconstructionmaterials.廢棄物及圾放置在規(guī)定的容器。wastesandgarbageinregulatedcontainers.材料的安儲(chǔ)存。Safestorageofmaterials.煙蒂放入灰缸。Placestumpsintoanashtray.小物件放盒或箱內(nèi)。Placesmallpiecesintoaboxortank.地面上無(wú)具、木頭、金屬?gòu)U料freeoftools,woods,metalwastes.進(jìn)出路未塞。Noblockingofentranceandexitroads.工作臺(tái)上放置工作時(shí)所需的工與物品。Onlyplacetoolsandsubstancesneededduringworkontheworkingtable.物料妥善放，使火源無(wú)法滋生storematerialstopreventfiresources.4.5Inspection在使用每件工具或設(shè)備前，你有責(zé)任作快速目視檢查，有缺陷的器具應(yīng)立即加以標(biāo)示。并通知安全監(jiān)察人員Youhavetheresponsibilitiesofmakingrapidvisualinspectionbeforeusingeachtoolorequipment.Applianceswithdefectsshouldbemarkedimmediatelyandthesafetysupervisorsshouldbenotified.在每日輪班開始時(shí)，對(duì)你的工作場(chǎng)所作快速的檢查，以確定狀態(tài)良—工作許可，焊接許可，支撐的狀況，進(jìn)出路，電力設(shè)備是否被移動(dòng)掘地面是否有圍護(hù)欄在同一地點(diǎn)施工的其他單位的工作狀況工作的工人何其他變動(dòng)情況Youshouldmakearapidinspectiononyourworkingplacesbeforeshiftsbegineverydaytodeterminethattheyareingoodconditions-workpermit,weldingpermit,situationsofsupports,andentranceandexitpassages,whetherelectricpowerequipmentsaremoved,whetherguardrailsareprovidedforgroundsnewlydug,workingsituationsofotherorganizationsconstructingatthesameplace

simultaneously,workersoverheadworkingoranyotherchangesituations.5.0

個(gè)人防用品Personalprotectionappliances5.1——Head-safety在工作期，應(yīng)戴經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的且狀良好的安全帽。working,anapprovedsafetyhelmetwithgoodconditionsshouldbeputon.建議不使金屬安全帽，而且在達(dá)控制室、變電所接近高架線位置，不得戴金屬安全帽，得變動(dòng)帽上的零件Itissuggestedthatnometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeused,nometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeputoninthemotorcontrolroom,transformerstationandnearoverheadpowerlines,andpartsonthesafetyhelmetshouldnotbechanged.5.2Eyesandears眼部保護(hù)Protectionofeyes具有側(cè)面防護(hù)的工業(yè)用安全眼鏡—凡在工廠內(nèi)工作的所有時(shí)間及鉆孔削筑混凝土水泥、鐵器互相敲擊等工作時(shí)均應(yīng)使用。Industrialglasseswithsideprotection–itshouldbeusedduringalltimewhenworkingtheplantsaswellasduringdrilling,cutting,pouringconcretes,nailingiron(cement)nails,knockingironapplianceswitheachother.切割用護(hù)目鏡Gogglesforcutting在氣焊及切割時(shí)使用。Itisusedduringgasweldingandcutting.最低3號(hào)密度的濾光鏡atleastfilterlenswith3#density濾光鏡片兩面各有一片塑膠罩片。surfaceofthefilterlensisprovidedwithoneplasticcoversheet.全罩護(hù)目鏡在大多數(shù)動(dòng)力切削及處理腐蝕性液體時(shí)使用coveredgollglesareusedduringmostsofpoweredcuttingandsawing,overheaddrillingandtreatingcorrosiveliquids.全面型護(hù)面罩Fullfacetypefaceshield打磨及處理熔融材料（鉛、瀝青）時(shí)。Itisusedduringgrindingandtreatingmoltenmaterials(Pd,asphalt).可用于代替全罩護(hù)目鏡Itcanbeusedforreplacingfullycoveredgollgles.預(yù)防措施Precautions手不要觸及眼。Thehandshouldnottoucheyes.要知道洗眼睛站的位置疑有外物進(jìn)入眼睛時(shí)洗自己試著清除眼中的外物Youshouldknowpositionoftheeyewashingstation.Ifyoudoubtthatforeignsubstancesenteryoureyes,youshouldwasheyeswithwaterandshouldnottrytoremoveforeignsubstancesinyoureyesbyyourself.耳朵Ears某些工作場(chǎng)所或使用某些工具設(shè)備時(shí)，需要使用耳塞。Earplugsshouldbeadoptedinsomeworkingplacesorwhensometoolsandequipmentsareused.5.3Faceandneck在下列情下需戴面罩：Ashieldshouldbeadoptedunderfollowingsituations:在瀝青鍋旁工作時(shí)Worknearanasphaltmeltingfurnace.熔化鉛及處理酸時(shí)。MeltPdandtreatacids.在進(jìn)行某些打磨工作時(shí)。Implementsomegrindingoperations.使用可造成固體物質(zhì)向外拋出的電鋸時(shí)。Useanelectricsawwhichwillcausethrowingofsolidsubstances.焊接可產(chǎn)生電弧灼傷，面部及頸部應(yīng)做適當(dāng)保護(hù)。Properprotectionsshouldbemadeonfaceandneckwhenweldingmightgenerateelectricarcburn.寬的領(lǐng)帶及破舊的襯衫得在機(jī)器周圍穿著andloosenecktiesandbrokenshirktsshouldnotbeputonatsurroundsofamachine.5.4handsandwrists手套——應(yīng)在大多數(shù)的工作場(chǎng)戴適合的套。properglovesshouldbeputonatmostofworkingplaces.塑膠或橡膠涂層手套，用于特殊工作（如溶劑、處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)）經(jīng)絕緣測(cè)試的橡膠手套，用于所有的電路工作及可能接觸到帶電電路的場(chǎng)所，如錘擊混凝土、鉆孔及挖掘，使用前務(wù)必作目視檢查，是否有破損，工作中隨時(shí)要檢查并作正確貯存Visualshouldbemadeonplasticorrubbercoatingglovesandrubberglovesafterinsulationtestforspecialoperations(forexample,solvents,treatingchemicalsubstances)tocheckwhethertheyaredamagedwhentheseglovesareusedforallcircuitoperationsandusedattheplaceswhereelectrifiedcircuitsmightbecontacted,forexample,hammeringconcretes,drillinganddigging.Inspectionsshouldbecarriedoutatanymomentduringoperationandtheglovesshouldbecorrectlystored.工具夾Toolclamps打樁、打楔子等類似的工作，要用工具夾把持工件以免打到手。Toolclampsbeusedforholdingworkingpiecestoavoidstrikehandsduringpilingandwedging.拉繩Pullrope拉繩是用于控制吊物，并使工人避開所有吊裝物—手不要碰到吊物。Pullropesareforcontrollingsuspendingsubstancesandkeepingworkersfromallhoistingsubstances–handsshouldnottouchsuspendingsubstances.不可將拉繩纏繞在你的手上或身體上。Youshouldnotwindpullropesonyourandsorbody.限制Restrictions使用電動(dòng)工具時(shí)材料要固牢能依賴你的力量來(lái)抵制機(jī)器的動(dòng)力Materialsshouldbefirmwhenelectrictoolsareusedandyoushouldnotdependonyourforcetoresistpowerofmachines.使用電動(dòng)工具時(shí)，應(yīng)將戒指及其他珠寶、飾物取下。shouldputoffyourfingerringsaswellasotherjewelriesandaccoutermentswhenusingelectrictools.

使用手套操作工具及機(jī)器時(shí)心的考慮否有被卷入的危險(xiǎn)glovesareusedforoperatingtoolsandmachines,youshouldmadecarefulconsiderationstoconfirmwhetherthegloveshavetheriskofbeingrolledin.5.5Back在抬起重時(shí)是使用腿力而非背肌保持背部挺Youshoulduselegforcetoliftaheavyarticlebutnotthebackmusclesandyoushouldkeepbackvertical.所抬物品能超過你的能力范圍，慮物品的大小、形、重量，必要時(shí)請(qǐng)教你的施工負(fù)責(zé)人員Thearticleliftedbyyoushouldnotbeyondyourcapability.Youshouldconsidersize,shapeandweightofthearticleandshouldconsultwithyourconstructionprincipalifnecessary.5.6Abdomen在使用徑手鋸、臺(tái)鋸及類似的動(dòng)機(jī)器鋸材料時(shí)，穿防止反圍裙。Anforpreventingreboundingshouldbeputonwhenyouusearadialhandsaw,abenchsaworasimilarelectricmachinesaw.5.7Leg,thigh,knee,shankandankle通則General工作褲或褲子必須沒有寬松的、撕破的或拖地的織物，褲腳應(yīng)沒有上摺部分。Workingtrousersortrousersshouldnothaveloose,brokenordraggletextilesandthetrouserlegsshouldnothaveupwardrumplingportion.尖銳工具不能置在口袋內(nèi)，應(yīng)使用掛在皮帶上的帆布或皮革工具套。“所有的尖端向”。Sharptoolsshouldnotbeplacedinbagsandcanvasorleathertoolbagswhichcanbehangonbeltshouldbeadopted.“Allsharpendsdown”.特殊方法Specialmethods在使用諸如鏈鋸、刷鉤或可能有蛇咬的地方時(shí)，要考慮脛部的保護(hù)如穿皮套褲、綁腿、鞋套等裝具。Protectionofshankshouldbeconsideredattheplacewhereachainsaworabrushhookisusedorpersonsmightbebeatbyasnake,forexample,puttingonleathersheathtrousers,legwrappingsandshoecovers.在踏上材料可能有移動(dòng)的地方時(shí)，要考慮到穩(wěn)定性，扎住腿或腳。Stabilityshouldbeconsideredattheplacewherethesettingmaterialsmightbemovedandlegsoffeetshouldbebound.5.8Feetand隨時(shí)穿著過批準(zhǔn)的安全鞋。safetyshoesshouldbeputonatanymoment.上部帶鋼保護(hù)的鞋可對(duì)腳的上提供進(jìn)一層的保護(hù)特別是在廠內(nèi)工作或處理重材料Shoeswhoseupperportionisprovidedwithsteelplateprotectioncanprovidefurtherprotectionforupperportionoffeet,especiallyworkinginplantsortreatingheavymaterials.在有化學(xué)害的狀況下工作時(shí)，穿著能對(duì)腳趾作安保護(hù)的橡靴。Rubbershoeswhichcanprovidesafeprotectionsfortoesshouldbeputonwhenyouworkundersituationswithchemicaldamages.在使用手夯土機(jī)及類似裝備時(shí)應(yīng)穿著護(hù)腳的裝備。Equipmentsprotectingfeetshouldbeputonwhenyouuseahandhammer,arammercompactorandsimilarequipments.5.9Protectionofbreathsystem在某些工廠地區(qū)內(nèi)及在進(jìn)行某些種類的工作時(shí)使用適當(dāng)?shù)暮粑餍┮蠹罢_的呼吸器使用將會(huì)向你說(shuō)明。Properbreathersbeadoptedwhenyouareinsomeplantareasorimplementsometypesofwork.Youwillbetoldtheserequirementsandcorrectuseofbreathers.當(dāng)暴露在如木焦油或其他刺激物質(zhì)等化學(xué)藥品時(shí)需使用護(hù)軟膏。Skinprotectingointmentsshouldbeusedwhenyouareexposedinchemicalsubstancessuchaswoodtarorotherirritantsubstances.灼傷——保護(hù)你的皮膚，以防光、電焊及其他熱源的傷害。Burn–protectyourskinfromdamagesofsunshine,electricweldingarcsandotherheatsources,6.0

工具Tools6.1手工Handtools每種工具設(shè)計(jì)用于某種工作，能依據(jù)工具的用途用，每一工具均需加以維。toolisdesignedforonekindofworkanditshouldbeusedonlyaccordingtopurposeofthetool.Eachtoolshouldbemaintained.使你的手具保持最佳狀態(tài)—保持銳利、清潔潤(rùn)滑無(wú)磨損及不用Thehandtoolsshouldbekeptinthebestconditions-keepsharp,clean,lubrication,freeofabrasionandfreeofabuse.磨損的工是危險(xiǎn)的，例如，管板牙磨損成光滑時(shí)會(huì)滑脫，果活動(dòng)扳手的顎夾，扭曲也會(huì)脫，而釘錘與把手間松動(dòng)，頭也會(huì)飛。Worntoolsaredangerous.Forexample,threadchasersofpipetongswillslipwhentheyareworn.Amonkeywrenchwillalsoslipifjawclipofthewrenchistwisted.Thehammerheadwillflyapartifthepartbetweenthehammerandthehandleisloose.對(duì)于受沖后，變形成洋菇狀的具（如鐵鏨的打擊）應(yīng)隨時(shí)把它磨掉以避免擊時(shí)成碎片飛擊傷人。建議工具夾來(lái)防止。Fortools(i.e.,beatingpointofanironchisel)whichwillbecomecultivatedmushroomshapeafterbeingimpacted,itshouldbegrindedatanymomenttoavoiddamageofpersonsduringbeating.使用工具不可超過其負(fù)載量。oftoolsshouldbeexceededduringuse.

不可以工當(dāng)撬棒使用。shouldnotbeusedascrowbars.6.2手式動(dòng)具Portableelectrictools限制Restrictions除非完全熟悉，否則不可操作（有些工作在開始工作前需獲得許可。參閱后文工作許可證Youshouldnotoperatethesetoolsexceptthatyouarecompletelyfamiliarwiththem(permitsshouldbeobtainedforsomeworkbeforebeginning,pleaserefertothefollowingpartWorkpermit”).主要危害Maindamages扭矩圓周或旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的工具電鉆動(dòng)鉆等產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大扭力防備其被工作件咬住”的危險(xiǎn)Torsionalmoment:toolsmakingcircleorrotationmotionsincludingelectricdrills,pneumaticdrillsandsawswillgeneratestrongtwistingforceanddangerswhenthetoolsaregrippedbyworkingpiecesshouldbeprevented.要站穩(wěn)身體，以雙手依照指示操作，并應(yīng)有關(guān)掉電源開關(guān)或扳機(jī)的準(zhǔn)備（應(yīng)使設(shè)備的開關(guān)不鎖“運(yùn)行”）注意轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備“行”或“空轉(zhuǎn)”扭矩可能帶來(lái)的危害。shouldstandstablyandoperatesinbothhandsaccordingtoinstructions,andyoualsoshouldhavepreparationsforshuttingoffpowerswitchortrigger(youshouldmakethatswitchoftheequipmentwillnotbelockedon“Run”).Attentionsshouldbepaidtodamageswhichmightbecausedbytorsionalmomentsofsliding”or“idlerunning”ofrotatingequipments.飛出的物體：幾乎任何動(dòng)力工具的操作都會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況，因此必須：Flyingobjects:operationsofalmostallpowertoolswillgeneratesuchasituation,soyoumust:警告周圍的人warnsurroundingpersons.使用適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)眼睛的裝備。properequipmentsforprotectingeyes.接觸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中的機(jī)件身體絕不可接觸到轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)機(jī)件電源切斷不可接觸動(dòng)力機(jī)鉆鉆頭machinecomponentsinrotation:yourbodyshouldnevercontactrotatingcomponentsexceptthatpowersupplyisdisconnected.Youshouldnevercontactwithpowercomponents(forexample,drills,chuckplates,knivesanddrillpits).對(duì)于其他人：要讓你附近的人了解，并警告他們，工具轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)期間不要讓他們?cè)谒闹茏邉?dòng)，也許還有人在你的后面。Forothers:youshouldletadjacentpersonsunderstandandwarnthemthattheyshouldnotwalkaroundthetoolsduringrotationofthetools.Somepersonsmaybebehindyou.工具狀況：在使用前檢查每一電動(dòng)工具，看看有沒有損壞的零件、松動(dòng)的配件、磨損或割破的電線，對(duì)有缺陷的工具應(yīng)加掛標(biāo)簽維修oftools:eachelectrictoolshouldbecheckedbeforeusetocheckwhethertheyhavedamagedparts,loosefittings,wornorbrokenwires.Toolswithdefectsshouldbemarkedwithalabelandbesentforrepair.動(dòng)力源：在調(diào)整工具前，應(yīng)先關(guān)閉電源，斷開前，先排盡空氣source:powersupplyshouldbeshutoffbeforetoolsareadjustedandairshouldbeexhaustedbeforepowerdown.保護(hù)Protection所有設(shè)備在使用前應(yīng)安裝適當(dāng)?shù)姆雷o(hù)罩或擋板得使用沒有防護(hù)罩的不適當(dāng)設(shè)備準(zhǔn)使用自制的扳手或延伸器。Properprotectivecoversorblockingplatesshouldbeinstalledforallequipmentsbeforeuse.Improperequipmentswithoutprotectivecovershouldnotbeused.Wrenchedorstretchersselfmadeshouldnotbeadopted.6.3電工——工廠Electrictools–factorytype某些電動(dòng)器僅能由經(jīng)過適當(dāng)培后經(jīng)授權(quán)的操作員操作器上貼有操作員名字一份基本操作守則Someelectrictoolscanbeoperatedonlybyauthorizedoperatorsafterpropertraining.Nameoftheoperatorandonebasicoperationrulearepastedonthemachine.調(diào)整、保及修理Adjustment,maintenanceandrepair關(guān)掉機(jī)器并采取必要的行動(dòng)意外啟動(dòng)整的上鎖加標(biāo)簽程序或僅拔掉電線插上鎖加標(biāo)簽程序downmachinesandtakenecessaryactionstopreventaccidentalstartup.Mayusecompletelockinglabelingprocedureoronlyplugoffwireplug(pleaserefertothelockinglabelingprocedure)取下在保養(yǎng)時(shí)所使用的曲柄、鑰匙或扳手，在起動(dòng)前放好所有護(hù)板護(hù)罩。Takedowncrankhandle,keyorwrenchusedinmaintenanceandplacewellallprotectiveplatesandcoversbeforestartup.確認(rèn)所更換的零件符合正確的規(guī)格，如砂輪機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速必須合乎機(jī)器的最大運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度，切木機(jī)的刀片，必須正確的對(duì)準(zhǔn)軸心等等。Confirmthatthepartsforreplacementcomplywithcorrectspecifications.Forexample,rotationspeedofgrindingmachinesmustmeetmaximumoperationspeedofmachinesandbladesofwoodcuttingmachinesmustcorrectlyalignaxiscenter.操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)Operationexperiences寬松的衣服珠寶作機(jī)器時(shí)穿戴扣好或向上卷好shouldnotwearlooseclothes,gloves,fingerringsandotherjewelrieswhenoperatingmachines.Gussetsmustbebuckledwellorrolledupwards.手指不可觸及轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中的部件物時(shí)要確認(rèn)關(guān)閉機(jī)器停止及沒有滑行刷子清除雜物shouldnottouchpartsinrotation.Itshouldbeconfirmedthatmachinesarepowereddownduringremovalofwastessothatmachinesarestoppedanddon’thaveslipping.Impuritiesshouldberemovedbyusingabrush.最少在每天起動(dòng)前做檢查，看看有沒有松動(dòng)或損壞的機(jī)件、充分的照明、潤(rùn)滑，并安置機(jī)臺(tái)附近可能由于震動(dòng)而帶來(lái)麻煩的工具或材料。Inspectionsbecarriedoutatleastbeforestartupeverydaytocheckwhethertherearelooseordamagedcomponents,sufficientilluminationandlubricationandtodisposetoolsormaterialsnearthemachinetablewhichmightcausetroublesduetovibration.可能時(shí)，使用夾子或老虎鉗固定工作件。Ifaclamporpliersisusedforfixingworkingpieces.許多機(jī)器都有安全連鎖裝置其發(fā)揮作用可旁BYPASS鎖裝置Manymachineshavesafetyinterlockdevicesandyoushouldensurethatthedevicescanfunctionnormally.Bypassoftheinterlockdevicesisneverpermitted.有些機(jī)器使用空氣及電力，在修理或調(diào)整可動(dòng)性零件時(shí)，空氣與電力二者均應(yīng)關(guān)閉，要注意勿使空氣留在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)—要釋放出空氣再工作。Airandpowerareusedforsomemachinesandbothairandpowershouldbeclosedduringrepairofmaintenanceofmovableparts.Attentionsshouldbepaidtothatairshouldnotbeleftinthesystem-operationsshouldbecarriedoutonlyafterairisexhausted.火災(zāi)隨時(shí)會(huì)在我們身旁發(fā)生，油及高溫碎片增加了潛在的危險(xiǎn)性楚滅火器的位置持機(jī)器區(qū)域清潔閱“火”一節(jié)。Afiremightoccurnearusatanymomentandoil,brokenclothandhightemperaturefragmentsincreasepotentialdangers.You

shouldunderstandpositionoffireextinguishersandkeepnetmachineareas.Pleaserefertothesection“fireprotection.清楚鄰近區(qū)域的其他工人的工作區(qū)域及障礙物。6.4各起工Varioustools吊鉤、卡、工字梁固定夾及索。hook,snapring,Ibeamfixingclampandhitch一吊鉤只能掛一掛環(huán)2或多個(gè)掛環(huán)用卡環(huán)Oneliftinghookshouldonlybehangedwithonesuspensionhook.Iftwoormoresuspensionhooksshouldbehanged,itispreferablytouseasnapring.所有吊鉤必須具有一安全擋板（以震動(dòng)來(lái)脫鉤的掛鉤例外Allliftinghooksshouldbeprovidedwithasafetyblockingplate(exceptthepothookdisconnectingwithvibration)始終將吊物置于吊鉤的中心——不可置于鉤端。Theobjecttobeliftedshouldalwaysbeplacedatcenteroftheliftinghook-itshouldneverbeplacedathookend.在未確切知道建筑結(jié)構(gòu)是否可以承受所吊的重物前，絕不可將吊索掛在任何結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)件上。Theslingshouldneverbehangedoncomponentsofanystructuresbeforeyouclearlyknow