Lecture8Teacher：李基亞英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!OldEnglishLiteraturelatemedievalliteratureearlymodernenglishliterature19thcentruyenglishliterature20thcenturyenglishliterature遠古英國文學(xué)中世紀晚期英國文學(xué)早期現(xiàn)代英國文學(xué)19世紀英國文學(xué)20世紀英國文學(xué)英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!AlsocalledAnglo-Saxonliterature,fromthemid-5thcenturytotheNormanConquestof1066theEnglishlanguageinusebetweenthelate11thcenturyandaround1470whenaformofLondon-basedEnglishbegantobeewidespread,itistheearliestformbeingprehensibletomodernreadersLiteratureproducedduringthereignofQueenElizabethI;thisperiodwasaflourishingofliterature,esp.dramaFeaturedbyRomanticism,aplexartistic,literaryandintellectualmovementFromtheVictorianeratotheendof20thcentury,featuredbyModernistMovementOldEnglishLiteratureMiddleEnglishLiteratureEarlyModernEnglishLiterature19thcenturyEnglishLiterature20thcenturyEnglishLiteratureBeowulf《貝奧武夫》/C?dmon————————————————————————GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·喬叟WilliamLangland威廉·朗蘭————————————————————————Shakespeare莎士比亞/BenJohnson本·約翰遜/ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·馬龍/FrancisBacon弗朗西斯·培根/JohnMilton約翰·彌爾頓/JohnBunyan約翰·班揚/HenryFielding亨利·菲爾丁WilliamWordsworth威廉·華茲華斯/SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治/RobertSouthey騷賽/JaneAustin簡·奧斯丁/SirWalterScott司各特/MaryShelly瑪麗·雪萊/JohnWilliamPolidori波里多利/Dickens狄更斯ThomasHardy托馬斯·哈代/JamesJoyce詹姆斯·喬伊斯/ThomasStearnsEliot艾略特/WilliamButlerYeats葉芝/JohnRonaldReuelTokien托爾金/JoanneMurray(JKRowling)羅琳英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!Beowulf貝奧武夫英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!MiddleEnglishLiterature中世紀英語文學(xué)Chaucer

TheCanterburyTales喬叟《坎特伯雷故事集》WilliamLanglandPiersPlowman威廉·朗蘭《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯之夢》英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!WilliamLanglandPiersPlowman,a14thcenturyEnglishdream-versionPiersPlowman,writtenbetween1360-1387,isconsideredtobeoftheearlygreatworkofEnglishliterature.ItisaMiddleEnglishnarrativepoem,posedwithunrhymedalliterativeversedividedintosectionscalled“passus”.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!Shakespeare莎士比亞(1564-1616)WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154

sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!Shakespeare'sGrave英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!JohnMilton(1608～1674)約翰·密爾頓Englishpoet,authorandcivilservantMiltonisfamousforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichposedinblankverseOriginallypublishedin1667,thepoemconcernstheChristianstoryoftheFallofMan:thetemptationofAdamandEvebythefallenangelSatanandtheirexpulsionfromtheGardenofEden.Milton'spurpose,statedinBookI,isto"justifythewaysofGodtomen"andelucidatetheconflictbetweenGod'seternalforesightandfreewill.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!19thcenturyenglishliterature十九世紀英語文學(xué)WilliamWordsworth威廉·華茲華斯/SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治/RobertSouthey騷賽/JaneAustin簡·奧斯丁/SirWalterScott司各特/MaryShelly瑪麗·雪萊/JohnWilliamPolidori波里多利/Dickens狄更斯英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!JohnRonaldReuelTokien(1892-1973)約翰·羅納德·瑞爾·托爾金JohnTokien,anenglishwriter,poetanduniversityprofessor,whosework,TheLordoftheRingsandTheHobbit,arethebestknownstoriesamongtheworld.HewasaprofessorofAnglo-SaxonatOxfordUniversityfrom1925-1945andtheProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLiteraturefrom1945-1959.

TheLordofRingsisanepicfantasynovel,whichwasposedduring1937-1949andwasthenpublishedintothreeseriesbooks.Thisworkpresentsthethinkingofphilosophy,religion,andfairytales,whichreflectsalsotheAnglo-SaxonpoemBeowulf.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!OldEnglishLiterature古英語文學(xué)Beowulf《貝奧武夫》C?dmon凱得蒙英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!authorunknowndateProducedbetweenthe8thandtheearly11thcenturylocationSetinDenmarkandSwedenstoryBeowulffightsthreeantagonists:Grendel,Grendal’smotherandadragon,hedeadsoonafterthelastbattlewithdragonsignificanceThewayofdepiction:theherotravelslongdistancestoprovehisstrengthatimpossibleoddsandbeastswhichembodysupernaturalpower.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!C?dmon凱得蒙theearliestEnglishPoetwhosenameisknownanacplishedandinspirationalreligiouspoet

C?dmon'sonlyknownsurvivingworkisC?dmon'sHymn,thenine-linealliterativevernacularpraisepoeminhonorofGodwhichhesupposedlylearnedtosinginhisinitialdream.

MemorialtoC?dmon,StMary'sChurchyard,Whitby.Theinscriptionreads,"TothegloryofGodandinmemoryofC?dmonthefatherofEnglishSacredSong.Fellasleephardby,680"英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!GeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(1343----1400)Englishpoet,philosopher,bureaucrat,anddiplomatTheCanterburyTales英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!EarlyModernLiterature中世紀英語文學(xué)Shakespeare莎士比亞/BenJohnson本·約翰遜/ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·馬龍/FrancisBacon弗朗西斯·培根/JohnMilton約翰·彌爾頓/JohnBunyan約翰·班揚/HenryFielding亨利·菲爾丁英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!JohnShakespeare'shouse,believedtobeShakespeare'sbirthplace,inStratford-upon-Avon.英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!FourTragedies四大悲劇

KingLear李爾王Hamlet哈姆雷特Macbeth麥克白Othello奧賽羅FourComedies四大喜劇

AMidsummernight’sdreamMerchantofVeniceMuchadoaboutnothingTwelfthNight英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!BlackVerse素體詩Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.InEnglish,themetermostmonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter（抑揚格五音步）音步(Foot)英詩中重讀與非重讀音節(jié)的特殊性組合叫作音步。一個音步的音節(jié)數(shù)量可能為兩個或三個音節(jié)，但不能少于兩個或多于三個音節(jié)，而且其中只有一個必須重讀。分析英詩的格律就是將它劃分成音步，并區(qū)分出是何種音步以及計算音步的數(shù)量。這種音步劃分叫scansion。根據(jù)一首英詩組成的音步數(shù)量，每一詩行一個音步稱“單音步”(monometer)；每一詩行有兩個音步的，稱“雙音步”(dimeter)；含有三個音步的，稱“三音步”(trimeter)；此外還有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octameter)。抑揚格（iamb,iambic.）如果一個音步中有兩個音節(jié)，前者為輕，后者為重，則這種音步叫抑揚格音步，其專業(yè)術(shù)語是。輕讀是“抑”，重讀是“揚”，一輕一重，故稱抑揚格。英語中有大量的單詞，其發(fā)音都是一輕一重，如adore,excite,above,around,appear,besides,attack,supply,believe,return等，所以用英語寫詩，用抑揚格就很便利。也就是說，抑揚格很符合英語的發(fā)音規(guī)律。因此，在英文詩歌中用得最多的便是抑揚格，百分之九十的英文詩都是用抑揚格寫成的。youbeat│yourpate,│andfan│cywit│wille:knockas│youplease,│there’sno│body│athome.詩行

一詩行不一定是一個完整的句子。英文詩每行的個字母都大寫，但是一詩行不一定是一個完整的句子，不一定能表達一個完整的意思。有時候，一行詩正好是一句，有時兩行甚至許多行才構(gòu)成一個意思完整的句子。前者叫end-stoppedline（結(jié)句行），后者叫run-online.（跨行句）。這是英文詩與中國詩的最大區(qū)別之一。中國詩歌都是一行表達一個完整的意思?？聪旅嬉还?jié)詩：Ishotanarrowintotheair,Itfelltoearth,Iknewnotwhere;For,soswiftlyitflew,thesightCouldnotfollowitinitsflight.前兩行是end-stoppedline，后兩行是run-online。讀跨行句詩，行末停頓較短。跨行句在英文詩歌中極其普遍，有時十來行才成一完整句子。英美概括第八講英國文學(xué)共24頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!JaneAustenwasanEnglishnovelistwhoseromanticfictionsarethemostwidelyreadandlovedbythepeople.AndAusten'srealismandbittersocialmentaryestablishedherimportanceasawriter.Austenlivedherlifeaspartofasmallandclose-knitfamily.Hereducationwasmainlyformherfatherandolderbrothers.She