2021年山東省（新高考）高考英語二模試卷（一）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AMuirWoodsandSausalitoHalfDayTourWanderthroughanancientcoastalredwoodforestandexploretheartisticbaysideonthishalf-daytourfromSanFrancisco.TravelacrosstheGoldenGateBridgetovisitMuirWoods,hometosomeoftheoldestandtallesttreesonEarth.AttheendofyourtourchoosebetweengettingdroppedoffatUnionSquareinSanFranciscoortakingtheferrybacktoSanFrancisco.YosemiteNationalParkandGiantSequoiasDayTripDiscoverthebeautyoftheSierraNevadaonthisfull-daytriptoYosemiteNationalParkfromSanFrancisco.TravelaboardacomfortablevanthroughhistoricGoldRushtownstoreachthepark,whereyou'llbeamazedbysupersizednaturalwonders.Takeahikeamongancienttrees,andenjoyseveralhourstoexplorethepark'swondersonyourown.NiagaraFallsTourEscapefromNewYorkCityandheadnorthtoseebothsidesoftheCanadianborderonthisguided,2-daytourtoNiagaraFalls.VisitNiagaraFallsonboththeAmericanandCanadiansidesandtakearideonthefamousMaidoftheMistboat.Then,ontheroadbacktoNewYorkCity,makeastoptoshopattheCrossingsPremiumOutlets,oneofthelargestoutletmallsintheUS.NapaandSonomaWineCountryTourEscapetoCalifornia'sfamouswinecountryonthisfull-daytourfromSanFrancisco.Tasteregionalvarietalsatthreedifferentwineriesincludingbothbig-nameandfamily-runestates（莊園）.Learnaboutthewinemakingprocessduringguidedtours,andappreciatetheregionalculturewithastopforlunch.Whichtourshouldyouchooseifyouwanttodosomeshopping?MuirWoodsandSausalitoHalfDayTour.YosemiteNationalParkandGiantSequoiasDayTrip.NiagaraFallsTour.NapaandSonomaWineCountryTour.WhatcanyoudoonNapaandSonomaWineCountryTour?AppreciatesomeoftheoldestandtallesttreesonEarth.Enjoysupersizednaturalwonders.第1頁，共19頁Getsomewinemakingknowledge.Takearideontheboat.Whatdoesthewriterintendtodobywritingthepassage?A.Tointroducesomeoutdooractivities.Tosharesometourexperiences.Toadvertiseforthewinecountry.D.Tocallforprotectingnaturalwonders.BAcaloriedeficitisastateinwhichyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.Asoneofthemostpopularapproachesoflosingweight,howdoesitwork(Forexample,ifyouburn2500caloriesperdaybutonlyeat2000,youhavecreatedadeficitof500caloriesperday.Thereismathematicalcertainty.But,thisbynomeanstellsthewholestoryabouthowcaloriesdeficitaffectsourlives.Beforewonderingwhatacaloriedeficitis,it'sprobablybesttolearnwhatacalorieis.Acalorieisaunitthatweusetotrackourbody'senergyexpenditure(消耗)andstorage.Inordertojuststayalive,humanbeings(andanimals)burncalories.Thismeans,evenbeforeweperformanyactivity,ourbodiesarealreadyusingenergy(measuredincalories)tokeepusalive.Around70%ofthecaloriesweconsumearespentonjustkeepingourvitalorgansrunning.Thus,ifapersonconsumescaloriesfarmorelessthanneededtolookthin,itmayhavenegativeeffectsonthebody.Whenpeoplepickupacaloriedeficit,theyoftenmerelynotethatthecaloriemathisirrefutable無可辯駁的).Thequestionhereisthatnotallcaloriesarethesame.Ifyoueatafewbagsofpotatochipworthofcaloriestosupportthecalorieintakeneededtomaintainorcutdownonyourweight,itwillwork.But,thisdoesn'thavethesameeffectonyourbodyandoverallhealthasabalancednutritionalmealcontainingthesameamountofcalories.Itseemslikeasimpleunitofenergyhasbecomeanobjectofoursociety'sobsession.Itneedn'tbethatway.Remember,caloriedeficitsarejustatool,whichservesapurposeinlosingsomeweightandkeepingtrackofyourcalorieintakeseemssimpleenough.Whatdoweknowaboutthecaloriedeficit?Ithelpspeopleloseweight.Itisawayofdoingexercises.Itaffectspeople'slivespositively.Itmeansthecaloriespeopleconsume.第2頁，共19頁WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedinParagraph2?Acalorieisaunittostoredailyenergy.Peopleneedtoburncaloriestobealive.Calorieintakeistokeepourorgansoperating.Livinganimalsonlyburncaloriesafteractivities.Whatissuggestedforpeopletoloseweighthealthily?Focusingonthecaloriemathwheneating.Focusingondifferentcalorieswheneating.Havingbagsofpotatochipscontainingenoughcalories.Havingbalancednutritionaldietscontainingpropercalories.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Influencesofcaloriedeficits.Approachestoloseweight.Distinctionsbetweencalories.Waystotrackcalorieintake.CAtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2018toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat（棲息地）ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U.S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight（困境）ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge."Todaywe'retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear,"Reed第3頁，共19頁said.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlife-viewingtours,saidbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客戶)arefromChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U.S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?A.Foodshortage. B.Climatechange.C.Habitats,movementtoshore. D.Theirpreferenceforland.Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?A.Excited. B.Puzzled. C.Concerned.D.Shocked.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.Whichsayingcandescribethetext?Thefittestcansurvive.Afterastormcomesacalm.Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.Everycoinhastwosides.DTherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAIsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuperintelligence,reflectedinthemovie"TheTerminator".However,thegame"Tacoma"takesadifferentapproach.ItassumesthattherewillbenumerousAGI(artificialgeneralintelligence)intheworldandthatanyAGIevenasafelydesignedone,inthewronghandsatthewrongtimecouldcauselive《tobelost.That'sthefuturethatagrowingnumberofAIsafetyexpertsareworriedabout.Thisisnotanewidea.Inthebook"EngineeringaSaferWorld,"MITprofessorNancyG.Levesonaddressescommonmisunderstandingsaboutsafety-criticalsystemsengineering：engineeringsystemswhosefailurecouldleadtohumanloss.Suchsafety-criticaltechnologiesincludeaviation,nuclearpower,automobiles,heavychemicals,第4頁，共19頁biotechnology,and,ofcourse,AGI.Sowhatcanbedone?Technologyisn'talwaysthesolution.Afamousexampleistheinventionofsonicradars（聲波雷達）thatweresupposedtohelpshipsdetectnearbyobstacles,butwhichonlyincreasedtherateofaccidents.Why?Captainssailedfaster,thinkingtheycouldgetawaywithitthankstothenewsafetytechnology.Insteadoftechnologies,Leveson'sbooksuggests,weshouldbemakingorganizationalchanges.Additionally,Levesonsuggests,amongmanycomplicatedguidelines,organizationsshouldbeawarethatsafetyguidelineswillinevitablybecomelaxovertime.Asaconsequence,measuresshouldbecarriedouttopreventpotentialdisasters.WhatlessonscanwedrawfromconcernwithAIsafetyTheanswermaylieinrecentdisasternarratives（敘述）,whichremindusthat,especiallyinlimeslikethis,weshouldn'tforgetthepotentialforotherdisasters.Publicconsciencereallydoesmatter.Andifwe'reallbetteratthinkingaboutsafetywecitizens,maybewereallycanpreventdisasters.Whydoestheauthormentioned"TheTerminator"inthefirstparagraph?Toarousereaders'interestinTheTerminator.TointroducethetopicofconcernwithAIsafely.Tomentionthesimilaritybetween"TheTerminator"and"Tacoma".Tomakereadersrecalltheevilsuperintelligencereflectedinthemovie.Whydidtherateofshipaccidentsstillincreaseaftertheinventionofsonicradars?A.Becausecaptainsseldomusedthem.Becausetheradarsfailedtoworkproperly.Becausecaptainsdependedonthemtoomuch.Becausetheshipscouldn'tdetectnearbyobstacles.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lax"inparagraph5referto?A.Safe. B.Important.C.Unreliable.D.Unnecessary.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?DisasterpreventionLessonsfromAI.Safetyproblemsinmodernsociety.Engineeringdevelopmentinmoderndays.Futureapplicationsofartificialintelligence.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）第5頁，共19頁Musicmakesyoumorecreativ(1),theycomeupwithmorecreativesolutions,accordingtoresearchers.Itmaybebecausemusicimprovesyourbrain'sflexibility.Anotherreasonmaybethatitrelaxesyouenoughforthecreativejuicestoflow.Butdon'tplaymusictooloudly.Musiccanhelpduringsurgery/2).Aftersurgery,ithelpsreducepain.Ananalysisof73studiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicbefore,duringoraftersurgeryreducesanxietyandpainlevels,whichinturnmeanslesspainmedication.)Studieshavefoundthatwhenyou'rerunning,bikingorwalking,you'llgofartherwithmusicon.Musicrelievesyourdiscomfortandmotivatesyoutostayon.Theeffectissoobviouslygreatthattheauthorofareviewexaminingthepsychologicaleffectsofmusiconexercisecalledmusic"atypeoflegalperformance-improvementdrug".Musicaidssleep.Listeningtomusicbeforebedcanhelpyoufallasleepfasterandwakeuplessoftenduringthenight.).Inonestudy,seniorswithsleepproblemswholistenedto45minutesofsoftslowmusicbeforebedreporteda35percentimprovementintheirsleep.Musicgetsyoutoignorethepassingoftime.Scientistshaveshownrepeatedlythatpeoplejudgeaperiodofwaitingshorterwhenmusicisplaying.Businessmenusethattotheiradvantage,playingmusicsoyoustaylongerandspendmore.Forinstance,moredrinksandfoodaresoldinbarsandrestaurantswhenmusicisplayed.(5),grocerysalesincreaseby38percent.A.Inthiscase,you'llfeelmorerelaxedinthemorningB.AndifthebackgroundmusicisslowC.ThenyouplayapieceofbriefmusicD.WhenpeoplelistentohappymusicthanwhentheysitinsilenceE.WhenmusicisplayedvaryingfromatunetoanotherF.Musicmakesyougetridoftheideaofquittingaworkout□.ListeningtomusicbeforesurgeryhasbeenshowntoeaseanxietyA.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.Fg.gA.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.FG.G第6頁，共19頁18.A.AG.Gb.bC.Cd.de.ef.f19.A.Ag.gb.bC.Cd.de.ef.f20.A.Ag.gb.bC.Cd.de.ef.f三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)Fourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,shehasshowntheworldwhatone(1)person,withpassion,cando.Oneday,when(2)byanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmall(3)withthenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyear1930-1969onit.She(4)whohewasandwhathedid.Aftersome(5),shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygoodthingst6)others.Sadly,hewas(7)justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewasdoing.Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas(8)bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch(9)onothers,Sarah(10)todosomething!Therewasanew(11)goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere12)thebuildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Throughgreatefforts,hervisioncametoreality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinPratt'slifeandimpactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool.MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.ButSarahhadthe(13)tolearnmore,thevisiontoimaginesomethingbetterandthecouraget614)heridea.Heramazingactionshave(15)manyotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.21.A.honestB.youngC.cleverD.shy22.A.walkingB.runningC.ridingD.driving23.A.museumB.churchC.boardD.memorial24.A.forgotB.realizedC.wonderedD.explained25.A.discussionB.researchC.practiceD.thought26.A.teachB.rescueC.helpD.repay27.A.killedB.punishedC.blamedD.arrested28.A.rarelyB.simplyC.merelyD.hardly29.A.impactB.impressionC.reflectionD.dependence第7頁，共19頁30.A.stoppedB.decidedC.happenedD.announced31.A.libraryB.theatreC.schoolD.hospital32.A.inneedofB.insearchofC.infavourofD.inchargeof33.A.curiosityB.confidenceC.chanceD.energy34.A.proveB.changeC.presentD.pursue35.A.astonishedB.inspiredC.attractedD.protected四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)36.EarthDay(1)(found)in1970asadayofeducationaboutenvironmentalproblems,andEarthDay20occursonWednesday,April22-theholiday's50thanniversary.Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebrationthat'ssometimesextendedintoEarthWeek,afullsevendaysof2)(event)focusedongreenliving.(3)(elect)totheU.S.Senate(參議院)in1962,SenatorGaylordNelsonwasdeterminedtoconvincethefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwas(4)risk.In1969,NelsondevelopedtheideaforEarthDayafter(5)(inspire)bytheanti-VietnamWar"teach-ins"thatweretakingplaceoncollegecampusesaroundtheUnitedStates.DenisHayes,ayoungactivist(6)hadservedasstudentpresidentatStanfordUniversity,wasselectedasEarthDay'snationalcoordinator(協調者)，andheworkedwith(7)armyofstudentvolunteersandseveralstaffmembersfromNelson'sSenateoffice(8)(organize)theproject.ThefirstEarthDaywaseffectiveatraising(9)(aware)aboutenvironmentalproblemsandtransformingpublicattitudes.EarthDaykickedoffthe"Environmentaldecadewithabang,"asSenatorNelsonlaterputit.ThethemeofEarthDay2020is"climateaction."EarthDhopesitwillbethe(10)(large)volunteereventinhistory.五、書面表達(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)37.新華中學近期組織了校園勞動周(CampusLaborWeek)活動.假定你是學校英語報記者，請寫一篇簡短的英文報道.內容包括：.活動的時間與地點；.活動的過程；.你的評論.注意：1.詞數80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫.第8頁，共19頁38.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數應為150左右。Icouldn'tevensortthroughthefirstboxofourdogBama'stoyswithoutburstingintotears.Myhusband,Alan,foundmesittingonthefloor,holdingourdog'sfavoritetoy.Hegentlypulledmetomyfeet."It'sokay,Lisa,"hesaid."I'llputtheseaway.Whydon'tyougooutsideandgetsomeair？"Inodded.IthadbeenafewmonthssinceourbelovedBamahadpassedaway.AlanandIdidn'thavechildren.Ourboxer（拳師犬）wasourbaby.AfterBama'sdeath,wecouldn'tbringourselvestogothroughhistoystodecidewhattokeep.ItoldmyselfI'ddoitwhenIwasready.Apparently,Istillwasn't.NowIsatonmyfrontporch（門廊）andsobbed.Friendsandfamilyhadsuggestedwegetanotherdog,butAlanandIdismissedtheidea.Wecouldn'tgothroughthatkindofheartbreakagain.Igazedoutovertheyard.Acrossthestreetwasadog.Aboxer.WasherealorjustmywishfulimaginationIblinked.Theboxerwasstillthere.Welockedeyes.Hecameacrossthestreet,straighttowardme.Hesitantly,Iofferedmyhand.Hesniffediteagerlythenhelicked（舔）me.Iletoutasurprisedlaugh.Hepushedhisheadintomylaptobepetted.ThisdogwasyoungerthanBama,smaller.Hewaswell-fedandwell-dressed.HeworeacollarbuthadnoID.Iknewhemustbelongtosomeoneintheneighborhood,butI'dneverseenanotherboxeraround.IwouldhaverememberedifIhad."Wheredidyoucomefrom?"Iaskedthedog,scratchinghimbehindtheears.Hejustsatthereatease.Hedidn'tseemlost.Justasifheweredroppingbyforavisit."Alan!"Icalled."Youhavetocometoseethis!"Alanjoinedme,andwesattogetherinsurpriseforamoment.Thentheboxergotupandslowlyranoff.注意：.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數應為150左右；.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Paragraph1Thenextday,therewasastrangescratchingatthedoor..Paragraph2Aweeklater,ayoungmanI'dneverseenbeforecameintovisit..第9頁，共19頁答案和解析1.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】C【小題3】A】（1）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章NiagaraFallsTour中的VisitNiagaraFallsonboththeAmericanandCanadiansidesandtakearideonthefamousMaidoftheMistboat.Then,ontheroadbacktoNewYorkCity,makeastoptoshopattheCrossingsPremiumOutlets,oneofthelargestoutletmallsintheUS （參觀尼亞加拉瀑布在美國和加拿大雙方和采取阿里德對著名的少女霧船。然后，在返回紐約市的路上，停下來在CrossingsPremiumOutlets購物，這是美國最大的outlet購物中心之一。）可知，在回紐約市的路上，可以在crossingPremiumOutlets停下來購物，這是美國最大的購物中心之一，故選C.C.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章NapaandSonomaWineCountryTour^^Learnaboutthewinemakingprocessduringguidedtours,andappreciatetheregionalculturewithastopforlunch.（在導游的帶領下了解釀酒過程，并在午餐前欣賞當地文化。）可知，在納帕和索諾瑪葡萄酒鄉(xiāng)村之旅中，可以在導游的帶領下了解葡萄酒釀造過程，故選C.A.目的意圖題。根據全文內容可知，本文是一篇廣告布告類短文閱讀，文章主要向讀者介紹了四個不同戶外活動，因此本文作者意在介紹這四個戶外活動，故選A.本文是一篇廣告布告類短文閱讀。文章主要向讀者介紹了四個不同戶外活動?？疾閺V告布告類閱讀理解。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。4.【答案】【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】D【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段"Acaloriedeficitisastateinwhichyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.Asoneofthemostpopularapproachesoflosingweight"（卡路里不足是指你燃燒的卡路里多于你攝入的卡路里。作為最流行的減肥方法之一）可知，卡路里不足可以幫助減肥。故選A.B.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段'Inordertojuststayalive,humanbeings（andanimals）burncalories."（為了生存，人類（和動物）需要燃燒卡路里。）可知，人需要燃燒卡路里才能活著。故選B.D.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段"Ifyoueatafewbagsofpotatochipworthofcaloriestosupportthecalorie第10頁，共19頁intakeneededtomaintainorcutdownonyourweight,itwillwork.But,thisdoesn'thavethesameeffectonyourbodyandoverallhealthasabalancednutritionalmealcontainingthesameamountofcalories."（如果你吃了幾袋薯片所含的熱量來支持你維持體重或減少體重所需要的熱量攝入，它會起作用的。但是，它對你的身體和整體健康的影響并不像含有相同熱量的均衡營養(yǎng)餐那樣大。）可知，作者建議食用含有適當的熱量，營養(yǎng)均衡的飲食來減肥。故選D.（4）A.主日大/總、題。木艮據_^第^段But,thisbyno^neanstellsthewholestoryaboutho'^^caloriesdeficitaffectsourlives."（但是，這并不能說明卡路里不足是如何影響我們的生活的。）及全文內容可知，本文主要講述了卡路里不足帶來的影響。故選A.本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了卡路里的定義以及告訴我們不能僅僅看卡路里的數值，不能對于這樣的能量單位太過癡迷。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。8.【答案】【小題1】B【小題2】C【小題3】A【小題4】D】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat（棲息地）ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfooc遙遠的北部社區(qū)位于一個溫度越來越高的區(qū)域，該區(qū)域加快了北極熊主要棲息地海冰的運動。隨著冰逐漸轉移到大陸架以外的深水中，越來越多的熊留在陸地上尋找食物?？芍?，導致更多北極熊留在卡托維克的土地是氣候變化，故選B.C.情感態(tài)度題。根據第三段中的Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight（困境）ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik大約十年前，隨著對北極熊困境的更多關注，越來越多的游客開始前往卡托維克。可知，普通百姓對陸地上更多的熊是關心的，結合選項A.Excited興奮的；B.Indifferent冷漠的，漠不關心的；C.Concerned關心的；D.Doubtful懷疑的，由此可知答案選C.A.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.在秋天，由于海冰離海岸最遠，熊被迫著陸，大多數游客來此旅游。第11頁，共19頁可知，秋天的時候，卡托維克的酒店需求旺盛，故選A.D.推理判斷題。通讀全文內容可知，本文主要講述了氣候變化導致了更多的北極熊到了陸地上，但是使阿拉斯加一個小村莊的旅游業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。因此D項Everycoinhastwosides （任何事情都具有兩面性）符合題意，結合選項A.Thefittestcansurvive 適者生存；B.Afterastormcomesacalm暴風雨過后是平靜的；C.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush 一鳥在手勝過兩鳥在林；D.Everycoinhastwosides 任何事物都有兩面性，故選D.本文是一篇科教類閱讀理解，主要講述了氣候變化導致了更多的北極熊到了陸地上，但是使阿拉斯加一個小村莊的旅游業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。.【答案】【小題1】B【小題2】C【小題3】C【小題4】A【解析】（1）B.推理判斷題。根據第一段"TherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAlsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuperintelligence,reflectedinthemovie"TheTerminator"." （曾經有一段時間，人們對人工智能安全的主要擔憂是電影《終結者》中那個邪惡的超級智能。）可推斷，作者提及《終結者》是為了介紹本文對人工智能安全的擔憂的主題。故選B.C.細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段"Captainssailedfaster,thinkingtheycouldgetawaywithitthankstothenewsafetytechnology." （船長們航行得更快了，他們認為多虧了新的安全技術，他們可以僥幸逃脫。）可見，是因為他們過于依賴新技術使得事故發(fā)生更多。故選C.C.詞義猜測題。根據第五段"Asaconsequence,measuresshouldbecarriedouttopreventpotentialdisasters." （因此，應該采取措施來預防潛在的災害。）可猜測，隨著時間的推移，第12頁，共19頁安全指南也不再安全，所以lax意為"不可靠的"。A.Safe安全的；B.Important重要的；C.Unreliable不可靠的；D.Unnecessary沒有必要的。故選C.A.標題歸納題。根據最后一段'WhatlessonscanwedrawfromconcernwithAIsafety ?"（我們可以從對人工智能安全的關注中汲取什么教訓？）及全文內容可知，本文主要講述人工智能的防災經驗。故選A.本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們對人工智能安全的擔憂，如果我們都能更好地考慮安全問題，也許我們真的能預防災難。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。16.【答案】【小題1】D【小題2】G【小題3】F【小題4】A【小題5】B【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據后句theycomeupwithmorecreativesolutions表示"他們會想出更有創(chuàng)意的解決方案”，可知表示"當人們聽快樂的音樂時，比靜坐時”的選項D符合前后的比較語境，morecreative和than是關聯詞，故選D.（2）G.細節(jié)理解題。根據后句Aftersurgery,ithelpsreducepain表示"術后，它有助于減輕疼痛'，可知表示"在手術前聽音樂可以緩解焦慮”的選項G符合前后的語境，Aftersurgery和beforesurgery是關聯詞，故選G.（3）尸.主旨判斷題。根據后句Studieshavefoundthatwhenyou'rerunning,bikingorwalking,you'llgofartherwithmusicon.Musicrelievesyourdiscomfortandmotivatesyoutostayon表示"研究發(fā)現，當你跑步、騎自行車或散步時，你會隨著音樂走得更遠。音樂能減輕你的不適感，激勵你堅持下去”，可知表示"音樂能讓你擺脫放棄鍛煉的念頭”的選項F符合本段的主題，running,bikingorwalking和workout是關聯詞，故選F.（4）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據前句Listeningtomusicbeforebedcanhelpyoufallasleepfasterandwakeuplessoftenduringthenight表示"睡前聽音樂可以幫助你更快入睡，減少夜間醒來的次數”，可知表示”在這種情況下，早上你會感覺更放松”的選項A符合前后的語境，duringthenight和inthemorning是關聯詞，故選A.（5）B.推理判斷題。根據前句第13頁，共19頁Forinstance,moredrinksandfoodaresoldinbarsandrestaurantswhenmusicisplayed表示"例如，當播放音樂時，酒吧和餐館出售的飲料和食物就更多了"；以及后半句grocerysalesincreaseby38percent表示"雜貨銷售增長了38%"，可知表示"如果背景音樂很慢”的選項B符合前后介紹音樂和銷售關系的語境，故選B.研究人員稱，音樂讓你更有創(chuàng)造力，它們會想出更有創(chuàng)意的解決方案。本文介紹了音樂在手術，銷售，鍛煉身體等其他方面的用途。七選五解題策略1）從意思上判斷在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，正確理解了這些句子后，根據意思的連貫性、邏輯性或者線索詞從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，再利用線索特征詞等進一步確認答案。2）從詞匯上鎖定線索做保持對一些線索詞的敏感是非常重要的，要好好關注空白前后的名詞和動詞，然后在選項中查找它們的近義詞、反義詞、同義詞、同類詞等。其次是一些專有名詞，比如說數詞、代詞、時間、年代、地點/名稱等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。3）從關聯詞作為切入點，通常，英語的句段之間經常會運用關聯詞表示過渡和銜接，讓文章的思路與更清楚、邏輯更連貫，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關系的路標性信號詞在選擇答案時都是很重要的線索。21.【答案】【小題1】B【小題2】A【小題3】D【小題4】C【小題5】B【小題6】C【小題7】A【小題8】D【小題9】A【小題10】B【小題11】C【小題12】D【小題13】A【小題14】D【小題15】B【解析】（1）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.honest誠實的；B.young年輕的；C.clever聰明的；D.shy害羞的。通過這樣做，她向世界展示了一個充滿激情的年輕人能做什么。根據上文Fourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong 可知是年輕的。故選B.（2）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.walking步行；B.running跑步；C.riding騎馬；D.driving駕駛。一天，當她步行路過學校附近的運動場時。根據下文MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas. 可知是步行路過。故選A.（3）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.museum博物館；B.church教堂；C.board董事會；D.memorial紀念碑。莎拉注意到一個小紀念碑，上面寫著埃德溫?普拉特和1930-1969年。根據下文Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas 可知是紀念碑。故選D.（4）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forgot忘記；B.realized實現；C.wondered納悶；D.explained解釋。根第14頁，共19頁據空后的whohewasandwhathedid.可知，她想知道他是誰，他做了什么。故選C.B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.discussion討論；B.research研究；C.practice練習；D.thought思想。根據下文shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygoodthingsto(6)others.可知，經過一番研究，她得知他是一位民權領袖，為他人做了很多好事。故選B.(6)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.teach教學；B.rescue營救；C.help幫助；D.repay償還。經過一番研究，她得知他是一位民權領袖，做了很多好事來幫助別人。根據上文whohaddonemanygoodthings 可知是幫助。故選C.(7)A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.killed殺死；B.punished懲罰；C.blamed責備；D.arrested逮捕。悲傷的是，他被殺僅僅是因為有人不同意他的所作所為。根據上文SarahnoticedasmalK3)withthenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyear1930-1969onit.可知是被殺死。故選A.D.考查副詞及語境理解。A.rarely很少；B.simply簡單地說；C.merely只是；D.hardly幾乎沒有。莎拉覺得這個小小的紀念館對于一個對別人有如此大影響的人來說，幾乎不夠大，于是決定做點什么！故選D.A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.impact影響；B.impression印象；C.reflection反思；D.dependence依賴。莎拉覺得這個小小的紀念館對于一個對別人有如此大影響的人來說，幾乎不夠大，于是決定做點什么！故選A.B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.stopped停止；B.decided決定；C.happened發(fā)生；D.announced宣布。莎拉覺得這個小小的紀念館對于一個對別人有如此大影響的人來說，幾乎不夠大，于是決定做點什么！decidetodosth：決定做某事。故選B.C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.library圖書館；B.theatre劇院；C.school學校；D.hospital醫(yī)院。附近有一所供小孩子用的新學校。根據下文EdwinPratt'slifeandimpactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool. 可知是學校。故選C.D.考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.inneedof需要；B.insearchof為尋找；C.infavourof贊成；D.inchargeof負責。她找到了負責這個建筑工程的人，問他們是否可以用普拉特先生的名字命名。故選D.A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.curiosity好奇心；B.confidence信心；C.chance機會；D.energy能量。但是莎拉有好奇心去了解更多。根據上文MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas. 可知是好奇心。故選A.D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.prove證明；B.change改變；C.present出席；D.pursue追求。想象更好的東西的遠見和追求她的想法的勇氣。根據上文Throughgreatefforts,hervisioncametoreality!可知是追求。故選D.第15頁，共19頁(15)B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.astonished使驚訝;B.inspired激勵；獲得靈感;C.attracted吸引；D.protected保護。她的行為激勵了世界各地的許多年輕人。故選B.本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了四年級的女孩SarahHaycox在走過埃德溫?普拉特的紀念碑時，受到啟發(fā)和鼓舞，從而申請用普拉特先生的名字命名一所學校，她的愿望最終得到實現。完形填空考查學生綜合運用語言的能力。做題時，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結合選項，仔細閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應及語境。.【答案】【小題1】wasfounded【小題2】events【小題3】Elected【小題4】at【小題5】beinginspired【小題6】who/that【小題7】an【小題8】toorganize【小題9】awareness【小題10]largest【解析】(1)was偽口口4?4考查被動語態(tài).句意：地球日成立于1970年，是一個關于環(huán)境問題的教育日.本句的主語EarthDay與動詞found之間是被動關系，應該用被動語態(tài)，因為是1970年應該用過去時，故填：wasfounded.events.考查名詞.句意：整整七天的活動都集中在綠色生活上.event是可數名詞”活動，事件”，七天的活動應該用復數形式，所以填：events.Elected.考查過去分詞.句意：參議員蓋洛德?納爾遜1962年當選美國參議院議員，句子的主語SenatorGaylordNelson與動詞elect之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞做狀語，所以填：Elected.at.考查固定短語.句意：地球正處于危險之中.atrisk是固定短語”在危險中"，所以填：at.beinginspired.考查動名詞的被動形式.句意：納爾遜在美國各地大學校園里進行的反越戰(zhàn)教學”的啟發(fā)下，提出了“地球日”的構想.after后踉動名詞，納爾遜與動詞inspire之間是被動關系，所以用動名詞的被動形式，所以填：beinginspired.who/that.考查定語從句.句意：曾在斯坦福大學擔任學生會主席的年輕活動家丹尼斯?海耶斯被選為地第16頁，共19頁球日的國家協調員.youngactivist在定語從句中做主語，所以用who或者that引導，故填：who/that.an.考查冠詞.句意：他與一群學生志愿者和納爾遜參議院辦公室的幾名工作人員一起.army作為"軍隊”講是可數名詞，所以加an,表示泛指，故填：an.toorganize.考查動詞不定式.句意：他與一支學生志愿者隊伍和納爾遜參議院辦公室的幾名工作人員一起組織這個項目.動詞不定式表目的，所以填：toorganize.awareness.考查名詞.句意：第一個地球日有效地提高了人們對環(huán)境問題的認識.awareness是抽象名詞"認識"，所以填：awareness.largest.考查最高級.句意：這將是歷史上最大的志愿者活動.所以用形容詞的最高級，big的最高級是biggest,所以填：biggest.地球日成立于1970年，是一個關于環(huán)境問題的教育日.本文介紹了地球日產生的過程和地球日的作用，它有效地提高了人們對環(huán)境問題的認識，改變了公眾的態(tài)度.語法填空題是考查學生的語言運用能力.解題時，要在理解文章的基礎上，靈活運用語法知識，如詞性，時態(tài)，名詞單復數，連接詞，代詞，冠詞等判斷空白處應填寫的內容.答完后，還要通讀全文，核對所填單詞形式是