常用經濟類詞匯：economist經濟學家socialisteconomy社會主義經濟capitalisteconomy資本主義經濟collectiveeconomy集體經濟plannedeconomy計劃經濟controlledeconomy管束經濟ruraleconomics鄉(xiāng)村經濟liberaleconomy自由經濟mixedeconomy混淆經濟politicaleconomy政治經濟學protectionism保護主義autarchy閉關自守primarysector初級成分privatesector私營成分,私營部門publicsector公共部門,公共成分economicchannels經濟渠道economicbalance經濟均衡economicfluctuation經濟顛簸economicdepression經濟衰敗economicstability經濟穩(wěn)固economicpolicy經濟政策economicrecovery經濟還原understanding商定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特爾rateofgrowth增加economictrend經濟趨向economicsituation經濟局勢infrastructure基本建設standardofliving生活標準,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower購置力scarcity欠缺stagnation阻滯,冷清,不景氣underdevelopment不發(fā)達underdeveloped不發(fā)達的developing發(fā)展中的initialcapital創(chuàng)立資本frozencapital凍結資本frozenassets凍結財產fixedassets固定財產realestate不動產,房地產circulatingcapital,workingcapital流動資本availablecapital可用財產capitalgoods資本貨物reserve預備金,貯備金callingupofcapital催繳資本allocationoffunds資本分派contributionoffunds資本捐贈workingcapitalfund周轉基金revolvingfund循環(huán)基金,周轉性基金contingencyfund不測開銷,預備金reservefund預備金bufferfund緩沖基金,平準基金sinkingfund償債基金investment投資,財產investor投資人self-financing自籌經費,經費自給bank銀行currentaccount常常帳戶(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帳戶(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer無記名支票,來人支票crossedcheque劃線支票traveller'scheque旅游支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement背書transfer轉讓,轉帳,過戶money錢幣issue刊行readymoney現錢cash現金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven現金交易,概不賒欠change零錢banknote,note鈔票,紙幣(美作:bill)topay(in)cash付現金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本國錢幣convertibility可兌換性convertiblecurrencies可自由兌換錢幣exchangerate匯率,兌換率foreignexchange外匯floatingexchangerate浮動匯率freeexchangerates自由匯兌市場foreignexchangecertificate外匯兌換券hardcurrency硬通貨speculation謀利saving儲裝,存款depreciation減價,貶值devaluation(錢幣)貶值revaluation重估價runawayinflation沒法控制的通貨膨脹deflation通貨收縮capitalflight資本外逃securitiesbusiness證券市場stockexchange股票市場stockexchangecorporation證券交易所stockexchange證券交易所,股票交易所quotation報價,牌價share股份,股票shareholder,stockholder股票擁有人,股東dividend股息,盈利cashdividend現金配股stockinvestment股票投資investmenttrust投資信托stock-jobber股票經紀人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm證券公司securities有價證券share,commonstock一般股preferencestock優(yōu)先股incomegain股利收入issue刊行股票parvalue股面價錢,票面價錢bull買手,多頭bear賣手,空頭assigned過戶openingprice開盤closingprice收盤hardtimes低潮businessrecession景氣衰敗doldrums景氣阻滯dull盤整ease廢弛raisinglimit漲停板break狂跌bond,debenture債券WallStreet華爾街shorttermloan短期貸款longtermloan長久貸款mediumtermloan中期貸款lender債權人creditor債權人debtor債務人,借方borrower借方,借錢人borrowing借錢interest利息rateofinterest利率discount貼現,折扣rediscount再貼現annuity年金maturity到期日,償還日amortization攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption償還insurance保險mortgage抵押allotment撥款shorttermcredit短期信貸consolidateddebt歸并債務fundeddebt固定債務,長久債務floatingdebt流動債務drawing提款,提存aid救助allowance,grant,subsidy補貼,補貼金,津貼cost成本,花費expenditure,outgoings開銷,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts營業(yè)間接成本overheads雜項開銷,間接成本operatingcosts生產花費,營業(yè)成本operatingexpenses營業(yè)花費runningexpenses平時花費,經營花費miscellaneouscosts雜項花費overheadexpenses間接花費,治理花費upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts維修花費,保養(yǎng)花費transportcosts運輸花費socialcharges社會負擔花費contingentexpenses,contingencies或有花費apportionmentofexpenses分攤花費income收入,利潤earnings利潤,利潤grossincome,grossearnings總收入,總利潤grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,總利潤,利益毛額netincome純利潤,凈收入,利潤凈額averageincome均勻收入nationalincome公民收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利潤率,盈利率yield產量利潤,利潤率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,增值duty稅taxationsystem稅制taxation收稅,納稅fiscalcharges財務稅收progressivetaxation累進稅制graduatedtax累進稅valueaddedtax增值稅incometax所得稅landtax地租,地價稅excisetax特許權稅basisofassessment估稅標準taxableincome須納稅的收入fiscality檢查tax-free免稅的taxexemption免稅taxpayer納稅人taxcollector收稅員公民生產總值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)人均公民生產總值percapitaGNP產值outputvalue鼓舞giveincentiveto投入input宏觀控制exercisemacro-control優(yōu)化經濟構造optimizetheeconomicstructure輸入活力bringvigorinto改良經濟環(huán)境improveeconomicenvironment整改經濟次序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通貨膨脹effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-publicsectors主要成分dominantsector實在的tangible全領會議plenarysession解放生產力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductiveforces引入歧路leadonetoablindalley措施move腳踏實地seektruthfromfacts引進、輸入importation和平演變peacefulevolution試試看haveago(atsth.)精髓、精髓、實質quintessence家庭聯(lián)產責任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem搞活公司invigorateenterprises商品經濟commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retail發(fā)電量electricenergyproduction有色金屬nonferrousmetals人均收入percapitaincome使負擔besaddledwith營業(yè)發(fā)達的公司goingconcerns被吞并或擠掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness擅長接受的receptive增額、增值、增加increment發(fā)展過快excessivegrowth抽樣檢查datafromthesamplesurvey扣除物價上升部分priceincreasearededucted(excluded)實質增加率actualgrowthrate國際進出internationalbalanceofpayments流通制度circulationsystem總薪資totalwages分派形式formsofdistribution風險資本riskfunds治理不善poormanagement農業(yè)farming林業(yè)forestry畜牧業(yè)animalhusbandry副業(yè)sidelineproduction漁業(yè)fishing第一家產primaryindustry第二家產secondaryindustry第三家產tertiaryindustry生產資料meansofproduction生活資料meansoflivelihood/subsistence生產關系relationsofproduction生產力productiveforces公有制publicownership私有制privateownership全民全部制ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople社會主義集體全部制socialistcollectiveownership厲行節(jié)儉，反對浪費topracticestricteconomyandcombatwaste外資公司foreign-fundedenterprise合資公司jointventure合作公司cooperativeenterprise獨資公司whollyforeignowned/fundedenterprise一其中心、兩個基本點onecentraltaskandtwobasicpoints資本主義和社會主義其實不是以計劃經濟和市場的多少來區(qū)分的。Socialismandcapitalismarenotdistinguishedbytheproportionofplannedandmarketeconomy.初步成立社會主義計劃商品經濟新體系。toestablishatapreliminarylevelanewsystemofsocialistplannedcommodityeconomy.work/needs.經濟構造改革。reformineconomicstructure節(jié)余勞動力。surpluslabor經營體制operativemechanism發(fā)揮市場的調理作用togiveplaytotheregulatoryroleofthemarket經濟和法律的杠桿economicandlegalleverages經濟計劃和市場調理相聯(lián)合tocombineeconomicplanningwithmarketregulation計劃經濟和市場調理相聯(lián)合的體制amechanismthatcombinesplannedeconomyandmarketregulationChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C.P.I.T.中國國際貿易促使委員會NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade

美中貿易全國理事會Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation

日中經濟協(xié)會AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,Japan

日本國際貿易促使會BritishCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade

英國國際貿易促使委員會InternationalChamberofCommerce

國際商會InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance

國際大海運輸保險協(xié)會InternationalAluminaAssociation

國際鋁礬土協(xié)會UniversalPostalUnion,UPU

萬國郵政結盟CustomsCo-operationCouncil,CCC

關稅合作理事會UnitedNationsTradeandDevelopmentBoard

聯(lián)合國貿易與發(fā)展理事會OrganizationforEconomiccooperationandDevelopment,DECD經濟合作與開發(fā)組織EuropeanEconomicCommunity,EEC,EuropeanCommonMarket歐洲經濟共同體EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,EFTA歐洲自由貿易結盟EuropeanFreeTradeArea,EFTA歐洲自由貿易區(qū)CouncilforMutualEconomicAid,CMEA經濟互幫委員會Eurogroup歐洲公司GroupofTen十國公司CommitteeofTwenty(ParisClub)二十國委員會CoordinatingCommittee,COCOM巴黎兼顧委員會CaribbeanCommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿易聯(lián)盟）AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市場LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲自由貿易結盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市場AfricanandMalagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲與馬爾加什共同組織EastAfricanCommonMarket,EACM東非共同市場CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非關稅經濟聯(lián)盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非經濟共同體英語教課常用的句子：1.上課(Beginningaclass)(1)Let’sstartnow./Let’sbeginourclass/lesson.Standup,please.Sitdown,please.2.問候(Greeting)Hello,boysandgirls/children.Goodmorning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.Goodafternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.Howareyoutoday?3.考勤(Checkingattendance)(8)Who’sondutytoday?/Who’shelpingthismorning/today?Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?Isanyoneaway?/Isanybodyaway?Isanyoneabsent?/Isanybodyabsent?(12)Who’sabsent?/Who’saway?(13)Whereishe/she?(14)Trytobeontime./Don’tbelatenexttime.Gobac