第三講閱讀七選五穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)解題技法——畫→析→找→驗(yàn)[為什么][是什么]前面第二講提到，閱讀七選五最大的失分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”。一旦造成“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”，失分就不在毫厘間，從而拉開考生間的分差。解答閱讀七選五如何既快又準(zhǔn)且穩(wěn)，避免“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”，本講在前兩講的基礎(chǔ)上，技法再延伸！“畫→析→找→驗(yàn)”解題示范[例](2018·全國卷Ⅲ)[1]Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.[2]__36__WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.[3]“Iadoredancing，”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.__37__It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”[4]__38__“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple，”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.__39__”[5]So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays，“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.__40__Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive.”A．Sowhydowedance?B．DanceintheU．S.iseverywhere.C．Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,etoAmerica.D．Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E．IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F．Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingpletely.G．Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.第一步：畫出文章結(jié)構(gòu)段落大意及文章結(jié)構(gòu)行文脈絡(luò)第一段舞蹈的歷史及內(nèi)涵。總述總↓分第二段舞蹈的普及范圍。分述第三段LesterBridges對舞蹈的感受。第四段舞蹈學(xué)習(xí)者的收獲。第五段AndreaHillier對舞蹈的看法。第二步：析特征1．析空格特征36題位于段首；該段點(diǎn)出了舞蹈遍布美國各地，貫穿各種活動(dòng)37題位于段中；其上文點(diǎn)出作者喜歡舞蹈教學(xué)；下文是看到他們學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，他感覺很美好38題位于段首；該段敘述了一對年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷——沮喪而來，高興而歸39題位于段尾，總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。即通過這對年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，來告知人們：舞蹈能讓人積極向上40題位于段中；上下文應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系——AndreaHillier對舞蹈的看法2．析選項(xiàng)特征A.Sowhydowedance？問句引領(lǐng)，其下文應(yīng)該為學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈原因，位于段首的可能性較大B.DanceintheU．S.iseverywhere.該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)涉及舞蹈在美國的流行程度，位于段首的可能性較大C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,etoAmerica.該選項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)為美國的戶外舞蹈，位于段尾的可能性較大D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.該選項(xiàng)涉及舞蹈的好處：讓人感到年輕，位于段中的可能性較大E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.該選項(xiàng)涉及對舞蹈的癡迷程度，位于段中的可能性較大F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingpletely.該選項(xiàng)說明了舞蹈的效果，位于段尾的可能性較大G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.該段涉及對舞蹈的癡迷程度，位于段中的可能性較大第三步：依據(jù)特征找空格與選項(xiàng)的契合點(diǎn)36題該題所在段落點(diǎn)出了“舞蹈遍布美國各地”，這與B項(xiàng)所反映出的“舞蹈在美國的流行程度”為例證關(guān)系，故選B。37題該題所在段落的下文是看到“他們”學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，感覺很美好，這與D項(xiàng)中的“them”為同一指代，且D項(xiàng)也涉及舞蹈的好處，故選D。38題該題所在段落敘述了一對年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，A項(xiàng)“那么我們?yōu)槭裁刺枘亍币I(lǐng)本段，其后的內(nèi)容正好是對這句話的例證和闡釋。故選A。39題該題為總結(jié)句，其前通過年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈后，精神狀態(tài)發(fā)生了很大變化，故此句應(yīng)落腳到“舞蹈的效果”上，這與F項(xiàng)中的“changetheirfeelingpletely”完全吻合。故選F。40題該題位于段中，其前的“Iwanttogetbetterandbetter”和其后的“Ifindithardtostop”都表明了“我”對舞蹈的癡迷程度，這與E項(xiàng)中所反映出的“我”對舞蹈的癡迷程度完全照應(yīng)。故選E。第四步：驗(yàn)“正”析“誤”1．根據(jù)第三步做出的初步判斷，把36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E代入原文后，五個(gè)答案皆符合上下文語境。2．剩余的C、G兩項(xiàng)在原文中沒有提及相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。[課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)]運(yùn)用“畫→析→找→驗(yàn)”解答下題(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)[1]Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.__36__Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.[2]●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.__37__[3]●Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.__38__Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.[4]●__39__Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.[5]●__40__Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.[6]Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!第一步：畫出文章結(jié)構(gòu)段落大意及文章結(jié)構(gòu)行文脈絡(luò)第一段晨練除了強(qiáng)壯身體外的其他好處。總述總↓分↓總第二段好處一：提高效率。分述第三段好處二：新陳代謝得到改善。第四段好處三：提高睡眠質(zhì)量。第五段好處四：改善飲食習(xí)慣。第六段再次呼吁進(jìn)行晨練?？偨Y(jié)第二步：析特征1．析空格特征36題位于段中，承接下文——晨練好處多37題位于段尾，是對主題句(提高效率)的例證38題位于段中，是對主題句(改善新陳代謝)的闡釋39題位于段首，為標(biāo)題句。該段的主要內(nèi)容是與睡眠有關(guān)40題位于段首，為標(biāo)題句。該段的主要內(nèi)容是與改善飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)2．析選項(xiàng)特征A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.句子簡短，標(biāo)題的可能性大，與飲食有關(guān)B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.句子簡短，標(biāo)題的可能性大，與睡眠質(zhì)量有關(guān)C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.與飲食有關(guān)，選擇健康飲食而不是快餐D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.沒有理由晨練E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.晨練后能使頭腦清晰4到10小時(shí)，與效率有關(guān)F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.晨練后一整天都會在減肥，與新陳代謝有關(guān)G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup！發(fā)出呼吁，位于首段的可能性較大第三步：依據(jù)特征找空格與選項(xiàng)的契合點(diǎn)(答案連線)答案：36.G37.E38.F39.B40.A第四步：驗(yàn)“正”析“誤”1．根據(jù)第三步做出的初步判斷，把答案代入原文后，皆符合上下文語境。2．剩余兩項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤原因：C項(xiàng)與A項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上有一定的相似性，但是C項(xiàng)和原文內(nèi)容相差較大；D項(xiàng)在原文中沒有提到。技法針對練(一)——根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Igetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse.Iforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.__1__Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I'llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.Imissbeingthin,andit'stimetogetitback.A．TheotherdayImetanoldfriendofmine.B．Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.1．解析：選B空后下一句中的health與B項(xiàng)中health為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，將B項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選B。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Self-confidenceplaysanimportantroleindealingwithourdifficultiesinourlife.__1__Itiswithself-confidencethatwecanoverethemandfinallyachieveourlifegoals.Withoutself-confidence,wecan'tdoanything.__2__Weshouldbuildupourconfidence,bravelyfacetheexaminationandfinallymakeourdreamsetrue.Allinall,inourpetitivesociety,weshouldgainself-confidencetomeetthechallenge.Weshouldhavecouragetofightagainstdifficulties.Weshouldtrustinourselves,sticktoourbeliefsandfinallyacplishourtargets.A．Asweknow,onJune7th&8th,we'llattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination.B．Ifwedon'tworkhard,wewon'tsucceedatlast.C．Inourlifeweofteneacrosssomedifficultproblems.1．解析：選CC項(xiàng)中的Inourlife是空前一句inourlife的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。將C項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選C。2．解析：選AA項(xiàng)中的Examination是空后下一句examination的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。將A項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選A。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.__1__Soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.__2__Beginexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.It'simportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethinghewantstohave.Ifhewantstobuyatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier.__3__Whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmoreplexwaysofusingmoney.Moneylessons__4__Tellyourchildwhyhecan—orcannot—havecertainthings.Ifyoumustsaynotoachild'srequesttospendmoney,explain,“Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”O(jiān)r,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say,“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.”WisedecisionsBeginatthegrocerystore.Pickouttwosimilarbrandsofaproduct—abrand-namebutterandageneric(無商標(biāo)的)butter,forexample.Youcanshowyourchildhowtomakechoicesbetweendifferentbrandsofaproductsothatyoucansavemoney.__5__Ifhechoosesthecheaperbrand,allowhimtomakeanotherpurchasewiththemoneysaved.Later,youmayexplainhowthemoreexpensivechoiceleaveslessmoneyforotherpurchases.A．ThebasicfunctionofmoneyB．ThevalueofmoneyC．Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.D．Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.E．Permitthechildtochoosebetweenthem.F．Approachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.G．Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.1．解析：選DD項(xiàng)中的showsaninterest是空后句子中showsaninterest的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，將D項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選D。2．解析：選A分析下面幾段可知，空處為下一段的小標(biāo)題。A項(xiàng)中的function一詞在空下面一段中多次出現(xiàn)，因此該段的標(biāo)題一定與function有關(guān)，故選A。3．解析：選CC項(xiàng)中的bought(buy的過去式)為空前一句buy的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，將C項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選C。4．解析：選F由本段小標(biāo)題中的lessons可知，該段講的是有關(guān)錢的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、教訓(xùn)的事情。選項(xiàng)F中出現(xiàn)了lessons一詞，為標(biāo)題中l(wèi)essons的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，且符合上下文邏輯，故選F。5．解析：選EE項(xiàng)中的choose為空處下一句中chooses的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，且該句符合邏輯，故選E。技法針對練(二)——根據(jù)解釋關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theone-childpolicyhasbeenchangedinourcountry.Itispossiblethatsomeofusmayhaveabrotherorsister.__1__Inaschoolwidesurveyaboutthisquestion,mostofmyfellowstudentssayyes.Theyareverygladtohaveapanionathomeandthereforetheywillnolongerfeellonely.Inaddition,theycanlearntosharethingswithotherpeopleandofferhelptootherpeople.Thefewotherswhosaynotothequestionareafraidthattheirparentswilllovethemlessiftheyhaveayoungerbrotherorsisterathome.A．Areyouwillingtohelpotherpeopleifyouhavemuchmoney?B．Areyouwillingtohaveayoungersiblinginyourfamily?1．解析：選BB項(xiàng)中的sibling意為“兄弟姐妹”，是空處上一句brotherorsister的另一種說法，且將B項(xiàng)帶入空中，段落通順，符合邏輯，故選B。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Brainscanshaveshownthatdifferentpartsofthebrainbeemuchmoreactiveasweshift(切換)ourattentionandfocus,butevenaswesleep,manyareasofthebrainareextremelyactive.Wouldyoubesmarterifyourwholebrainconstantlyworkedtothegreatestability?__1__Thelessbrainactivityyouneedtoperformagiventask,themorethebrainasawholeisabletodo.A．Interestinglyenough,theoppositeisprobablytrue.B．Wehumansuseonlytenpercentofourbrains.1．解析：選A空前句子的意思：如果你的整個(gè)大腦一直盡最大能力工作，你是否會更聰明？空后句子的意思：執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)既定任務(wù)時(shí)腦部活動(dòng)越少，大腦作為一個(gè)整體能做的事情就越多。這種說法正好是對空前問題的否定回答，同時(shí)是對A選項(xiàng)的具體解釋。因此A選項(xiàng)與空后一句是一種解釋的關(guān)系，故選A。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyouheardaboutleapyear?__1__Itnormallyoccurseveryfouryears.Theextradayisaddedtoourshortestmonth.__2__WhenyouseeFeb.29onacalendar,youknowthatyearisaleapyear.Wealsocallleapyearthebissextileyear(閏年).__3__Inourcalendarsystemthereisaneedforaleapyearbecausethesolaryearisactuallyslightlymorethan365dayslong.Thatextraday—Feb.29everyfouryears—helpscorrectthedifferencebetweenourcalendarandthesolarcalendar.ItissaidthatleapyearwasfirstmadepartofthecalendarbytheancientRomanleaderJuliusCaesar.Hisastronomershadcalculatedthelengthofthesolaryeartobe365daysandsixhours.SoCaesardeclaredthatanextradayshouldbeaddedtothecalendareveryfouryears.However,Caesar'sadjustmentwasnotpletelyaccurate.By1582,adifferenceoftendayshaddevelopedbetweenthecalendaryearandthetruesolaryear.__4__Tocorrectthiserror,PopeGregoryⅧruledthateveryfourthyearwouldcontinuetobealeapyearexceptforcenturyyearsthatcouldnotbedividedevenlyby400.Thismayseemplicated,butitworks.A．Thesolaryearisthetimeittakestheearthtogoaroundthesunonce.B．Itisayearthathas366daysinsteadoftheusual365.C．JuliusCaesarwasanancientRomanleader.D．Thisisleapyear'sformalorscientifictitle.E．Thatisthesecondmonthoftheyear.F．TheleapyearwasintroducedintheJuliancalendarin46BC.1．解析：選BB項(xiàng)是對leapyear“閏年”的一種解釋，符合邏輯。2．解析：選EE項(xiàng)(那就是一年中的第二個(gè)月)是空前一句中ourshortestmonth的另一種說法，前后句子為解釋關(guān)系，符合邏輯。3．解析：選D由空前一句可知leapyear也叫thebissextileyear。D項(xiàng)說，這是leapyear正式的或科學(xué)的名稱，是在解釋thebissextileyear，故選D。4．解析：選A空前一句提到solaryear“太陽年”，A項(xiàng)是對太陽年進(jìn)行的具體解釋，太陽年就是地球圍繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)一次所需的時(shí)間。故選A。技法針對練(三)——根據(jù)總述關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。__1__IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoChinese.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepadiary.Ifollowedhisadviceandputdown100wordsorsoeachday.OnedayIwroteastoryandshowedittomyteacher.Helikeditsomuchthathereadittotheclass.Allsaidthatthestorywasagoodone.Theirwordswereagreatencouragementtome.A．WhenIlearnedtowriteinEnglish,Iranintomanydifficulties.B．Ifounditinterestingtokeepadiary.1．解析：選AA項(xiàng)說我學(xué)習(xí)用英語寫作時(shí)，碰到過許多困難。空后面具體介紹碰到的困難是什么。因此A項(xiàng)起到了總領(lǐng)該段的作用，符合邏輯。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。__1__Somestudentsaresoworriedaboutexamsthattheycan'tfallasleepatnight.Somearediscouragedandtendtoloseheartbecauseoftheirfailureinexams.Otherscan'tgetalongwellwiththeirparentsorwiththeirclassmates.Theyalwaysfeelstressedandeasilygetangry.__2__Firstofall,wecanturntoourteachersforhelp.Second,thereisnodoubtthatmunicationisofgreatimportance.Whenwehaveatalkaboutourproblemswithourfriendsorclassmates,wecanfeelmuchatease.Lastbutnotleast,weneedtodevelopapositiveattitudetowardourstudiesandourlife.A．Therearemanywaysforustodealwithourmentalproblems.B．Withthementalproblemsremoved,wewillkeepinnormalmentalhealthandstudyhappily.C．Itworriesmethatmanystudentshavesomementalproblems.1．解析：選CC項(xiàng)說，許多學(xué)生有心理問題?？蘸蠼酉聛砭唧w講學(xué)生們心理問題的具體情況。因此C項(xiàng)能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段。2．解析：選AA項(xiàng)說處理心理問題有許多辦法。空后介紹了三種辦法。A項(xiàng)與后文為總述與分述的關(guān)系，因此選A。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Collegelifecanbeeagreatstrugglebecausestudentshavetobalanceschool,asociallife,andsometimesajobaswell.Thefollowingstepscouldhelpthegradesofcollegestudents.__1__Whydidyourparentspayforyourtuitionorwhyareyourparentspayingtheirtaxesforfinancialaid?Evenwhenyoudon'tfeellikeattendingclass,justgo.Youmightgetparticipationpoints,andtheprofessorwillalsogettoknowyoubetter.Manyclasseshavein-classassignments,popquizzes,andcasestudiesthatcouldonlybetakeninclass.Ifyouarenotthere,youmightlosepoints.Stayorganized.Collegeisallaboutmultitasking.Plannerscanreallyhelpyoutobalancehomework,duedatesandtests.Youshouldtrytogetyourworkdoneearly,andthenyouwillhavelessstress.__2__Ifyouhadajob,youwouldhavetogotoyourjobat9a．m.andstaythereuntil5p．m.Therestofthedaywouldbeyourowntime.Ifyoudidthesamethingincollege,youwouldbegreat.Gotoclass,gotothelibrary,studyseriously,putawaythebooksandgohomeat5p．m.Onceinawhileyoumighthavetoworklate,justlikeatarealjob.__3__Everyonestudiesindifferentways.Somecanstudywithalotofnoiseandotherswantsilence.Somecan'tevenstudywithmusiconandsomeneeddeadsilence.Somelikethelibraryandsomeliketostudywithfriends,orevenoutside.A．Gotoclass.B．Makingfriendswithyourclassmates.C．Bebusinesslikeaboutyoureducation.D．Findyourownbestmethodofstudying.E．Alwaystrytokeepapositiveattitudeandhaveconfidence.1．解析：選A本段主要講的是上課的重要性及上課的好處。A選項(xiàng)能反映該段主旨，起總述作用，故選A。2．解析：選C本段主要講的是我們可以像上班那樣對待學(xué)習(xí)，該學(xué)的時(shí)候要努力學(xué)，該休息的時(shí)候要休息。C選項(xiàng)能反映該段主旨，總領(lǐng)全段。businesslike意為“工作認(rèn)真而有條理的”。3．解析：選D本段主要講每個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)方式不盡相同，有的人喜歡安靜，有的人喜歡喧鬧，有的人喜歡去圖書館，有的人喜歡與朋友在一起學(xué)習(xí)。D項(xiàng)說找到自己最好的學(xué)習(xí)方式，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)了本段內(nèi)容。技法針對練(四)——根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Doyouliketoeatout?Doyouliketoeatquickly?__1__Somepeoplegotofast-foodrestaurantsforthesereasons.Inthepast,peopleusuallywenttodiners(小餐館)forthesereasons.Infact,manypeopleintheStatesstillgotodinerstodayforthesamereasons.A．TherearemanydinersintheStates.B．Doyoulikeinexpensivefood?1．解析：選B由空后一句的forthesereasons“基于這些原因”，可知本空也是其中的一個(gè)原因，B選項(xiàng)與前兩句為并列的提問式的表示原因的句子，符合語境。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asweallknow,theCollegeEntranceExaminationisaroundthecornerandcanbeverystressful.Inorderthatwecandowellintheexam,Ithinkthefollowingtipsmayhelpyou.Firstofall,it'simportanttogetagoodnight'ssleepbeforetheexam,andeatahealthybreakfastonthatday.Gettingenoughsleepwillmakeyouconcentrateonyourexam.__1__Italsomakessensetobelieveyourselfthatyou'vegainedtheknowledgeandthatit'sallinyourheadforuse.Lastbutnotleast,Ithinkweshouldtakearightattitudetotheexam.Justtryourbesttodowhatwecandointheexamination.A．TheCollegeEntranceExaminationisveryimportant.B．Secondly,trytoavoidnervousnessandpanic.1．解析：選B本段具體介紹了三條建議，根據(jù)另外兩條建議的標(biāo)志詞語Firstofall和Lastbutnotleast可判斷，Secondly與這兩條建議為并列關(guān)系，且符合段意，故選B。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Teachingisoneofthemostrewardingjobs.__1__Ifyouwanttobeateacher,youshouldhaveapassionforyoungpeople.Ifyouarethinkingaboutgoingintoteachingforanyotherreasonthanthis,youneedtofindanotherjob.Teachingisdifficult.Studentscanbedifficult.__2__Ifyoudonothaveapassionfortheyoungpeoplethatyouteach,youwillburnoutquickly.Passioniswhatkeepsanexcellentteachergoing.Whenstudentshavetroubleunderstandingwhatistaught,itiswhatdriveshimtospendlonghourstryingtothinkouthowtohelpthem.__3__Passionisamust-havequalityforeverygoodteacher.Teachingcanberewarding,butyoushouldn'texpectthatrewardtoeeasily.Teacherswhosearchoutbetterandnewmethodsaretheoneswhowillmakeit.Agoodteacherneedstobeabletoworkwitheveryone.Allteachersfacestress.Itisimportanttobeabletodealwitheverythingthatisthrownatyouwhenyouwalkthroughyourclassroomdoors.Therearesomanychancesforstresswithinaclassroomthatanexcellentteacherhastobeabletobringitundercontrol.Ifyoucannotmanagestressquitewell,thenteachingmaynotbetherightjobforyou.A．Parentscanbedifficult.B．Almosteverystudentsuffersfromstressattimes.C．Itisalsooneofthemoststressfuljobs.D．Ifyoudonothaveenoughpassionforyourstudents,youmightlastayearortwo,butnotlong.1．解析：選C空前一句說教書是最有回報(bào)的職業(yè)之一。C項(xiàng)說，教書也是最有壓力的職業(yè)之一。兩句話為并列關(guān)系，符合段意。故選C。2．解析：選A空前兩句說教書難，學(xué)生不好管。A項(xiàng)說家長有時(shí)也不好應(yīng)付。三句話為并列關(guān)系，符合段意。故選A。3．解析：選DD項(xiàng)說，如果你對學(xué)生沒有足夠的激情，你也許只能堅(jiān)持一兩年，但不會很長。與本段前面講的“如果你對所教的學(xué)生沒有激情，你很快就會干不下去”，兩句話從不同的角度表達(dá)了激情對教師的重要性。因此D項(xiàng)符合邏輯。技法針對練(五)——根據(jù)因果關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。__1__TheUSgovernmentwantstochangethat.ThegovernmentwillspendthreebilliondollarsontheeducationofyoungAmericansinscience,technology,engineering,andmath.ThefourareastogetherareknownasSTEM.A．NotenoughAmericanstudentswanttobeengineers,mathematicians,orscientists.B．MostoftheAmericanstudentslovescience,technology,engineering,andmath.1．解析：選A下文說，美國政府想改變那種狀況。政府將在美國年輕人的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程及數(shù)學(xué)教育上投入三十億美元。由此可推知，政府想改變這種狀況的原因應(yīng)該是沒有足夠多的美國學(xué)生對這些科目感興趣。故選A，符合因果關(guān)系。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peoplewhowanttosucceedshouldhavegoodhabits,whilegoodhabitsaredeterminedbygooddailybehaviors.__1__WhenIwasinGradeOneintheseniorhigh,Ifoundmathboringanddifficulttolearn.Soinmathclass,mymindwasalwayswandering.Gradually,mybadbehaviorsturnedintobadhabits.Iwasalwaysfallingasleepduringtheclassandevenhatedmath.__2__Havingbeentaughtalesson,Imadeupmymindtochangemybehaviorandbecameactiveinclass.Stepbystep,Icaughtupwithothers.WhatIhavelearntfrommyownexperienceisthatourdailybehaviorisveryimportantandthatbadbehaviorscanformbadhabits.Evenasmallbadhabitcanruinourdreams.A．Mathishardtolearn,butIwilltrymybesttolearnitwell.B．Asaresult,Iwasleftfarbehindinmathandgotaverylowmarkinthefinalexam.C．Owningagoodbehavioristheessentialsteptogetaccesstosuccess.1．解析：選C空處前一句說好的習(xí)慣取決于好的日常行為，與C項(xiàng)“擁有好的行為對于取得成功來講是關(guān)鍵的一步”為因果關(guān)系。故選C。2．解析：選B空處前面作者說“他對數(shù)學(xué)不感興趣，養(yǎng)成了課堂上不專心聽課的壞習(xí)慣”，與B項(xiàng)“他在數(shù)學(xué)方面落后了很多，而且期末考試分?jǐn)?shù)很低”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選B。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenaputerworksonagroupofprograms,itcangetveryhot.__1__Sosomescientistswonderwhatwouldhappeniftheheatfromtheputercouldbeused.LargeInternetpaniessuchasGoogleandMicrosofthavethousandsofputers.Astheseputersdealwithinformation,theyproducelotsofheat.__2__ApanyinHollandthinkspayingtomaketheputersworkandthenpayingagaintocoolthemareawasteofenergy.__3__BoazLeupe,headofthepany,saysthate-Radiatorworksasaheatingsystemandsavesmoney.Heexplainsthattheenergyisusedtwice—oncetoheatthehomeandoncetocooltheputer.__4__FivehomeownersinHollandaretestingtheheatingsystemintheirhomes.“Wepayfortheputerusing,so,inthatway,homeownersgetheatingforfree，”Boazsays.JanVisserisoneofthehomeowners.“Ifyouusetheputermore,thee-Radiatorproducesmoreheat，”hesays.“Itcannotprovideenoughheatifyoudon'tuseyourputeroften.”Butheisreadytotryit.It'sagreathelpforhisfamily.Thepanysayse-Radiatorsproduceheattemperaturesofupto55℃.Itsaysthesystemcouldsaveitsusersabout＄440aA．Sotheusersdon'thavetopaytocooltheirputers.B．Coolingtheputercancostalot.C．Sotheydevelopedaspecialdevice—thee-Radiator.D．Nowadaysnearlyeveryfamilyownsaputer.E．Theyneedhugecoolingsystemswhichsendtheheatintotheair.1．解析：選BB項(xiàng)說給電腦降溫花費(fèi)很大，與空后下一句講的“科學(xué)家想知道如果電腦發(fā)出的熱量能夠被利用會怎么樣”前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選B。2．解析：選E空處前一句說，電腦在處理信息時(shí)會產(chǎn)生大量的熱。E項(xiàng)“他們需要巨大的制冷系統(tǒng)把熱量排放到空氣中”是上一句原因而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，故選E。3．解析：選C空前一句說荷蘭的一家公司認(rèn)為花錢讓電腦運(yùn)作然后再花錢給它們降溫是一種能源的浪費(fèi)。于是他們開發(fā)了一種特殊的設(shè)備——電子散熱器。由此可知空處與上一句為因果關(guān)系，故選C。4．解析：選A空前一句說能量可以利用兩次，一次是給房屋加熱，另一次是給電腦降溫。因此用戶不必花錢給電腦降溫了。由此可知前后為因果關(guān)系，故選A。技法針對練(六)——根據(jù)例證關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.__1__Running,forexample,mayhelptoprotectagainstheartdiseaseandotherhealthproblems.__2__Recently,researchersstudiedmorethan55,000adults.Aboutaquarteroftheadultshaveagoodhabitofrunning.Thestudyfoundtheserunnersweremuchhealthierthannon-runners.Infact,therunnerslived,onaverage,threeyearslongerthanthenon-runners.A．Butmanypeopledon'tlikeanyexercise.B．Butsomekindsofexercisemaybebetterthanothers.C．Runningmayalsohelpyoulivelonger.1．解析：選B空處下一句以跑步為例加以說明，由此可知空處與下文為例證關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)說有些種類的鍛煉比別的鍛煉更好，符合邏輯。2．解析：選C下文以最近的一份調(diào)查報(bào)告為例加以論證，由此可知空處與下文為例證關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)說跑步也有助于你長壽，符合邏輯。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThroughouttheUnitedStatestherearemanytownsandcitiesthathavebeennamedafternotonlyEuropeancitiesbutothercountriesaswell.ReasonsforEuropeanplacenamesdiffer.__1__Foundedin1818byJohnCoffee,RobertBeaty,JohnCarroll,andJohnRead,AthensisoneoftheoldestincorporatedcitiesintheStateofAlabama.ThetownwasfirstcalledAthenson,andthenamewasthenshortenedtoAthens,aftertheancientcityinGreece.__2__Forinstance,thepeopleofMoscow,Kansas,wantedtheircitytofollowthenameoftheexplorerMoscoso.TheyshortenedhisnametoMosco,andanofficialinWashington,thinkingtheKansanscouldn'tspell,addeda“w”．A．Moreinterestingly,somenames,weregivenbymistake.B．Infact,somenamesaremoremeaningfulthanothers.C．Somewereinmemoryofsettlers'formerhomes,othersinhonorofhistoricevents.1．解析：選CC項(xiàng)說有些城、鎮(zhèn)的名字來源于建立者對原來家鄉(xiāng)的紀(jì)念或?qū)σ恍v史事件的紀(jì)念?？蘸笠园⒗婉R州的Athens市為例來加以說明，故C項(xiàng)符合邏輯。2．解析：選AA項(xiàng)說有些城、鎮(zhèn)的名字是因?yàn)榕e(cuò)了而得來的。空后以堪薩斯州的Moscow市為例來加以證明，由此可知選A。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。__1__Foraman,atiger,afish,abird,orevenaworm,foodisnecessary.Generallyspeaking,alllivingthingsaresuretodiewithoutfood.Ineverypartoftheworld,manydifferentkindsofanimalssharelivingplacesandliveinmunitiestogether.Theyareconnectedinafoodchain.__2__Plantsareproducersbecausetheyusesunlight,soilandotherthingstomaketheirownfood.Animalsareconsumersbecausetheyhavetoeatotheranimalsorplants.__3__Acarnivoreisananimalthatonlyeatsotheranimals.Anherbivoreisananimalthatonlyeatsplants.Anomnivoreisananimalthateatsbothplantsandanimals.Ascavengerisananimalthateatsdeadanimals.Lookatthepicture.Itisanexampleofafoodchain.Thefoodchainshowstheorderthatanimalseateachotherinamunity.__4__See?Aleafisfoodforagrasshopper,whichthenbeesfoodforahungrymouse.Themouseisfoodforasnake.Thesnakeiseatenbyaneagle.Inthisway,alloftheseanimalsareconnected.A．Therearefourdifferentkindsofconsumersintheanimalkingdom.B．Withoutplants,manykindsofanimalswilldieimmediately.C．Withinafoodchain,somelivingthingsareproducersandsomeareconsumers.D．Asweknow,alllivingthingshavetoeatfood.E．Inthepicture,youcanseewhatanimalorplantisfoodforanotheranimal.1．解析：選DD項(xiàng)說，所有的生物都得吃食物?？蘸笠痪湟匀?、老虎、魚、鳥及蟲等為例加以證明。故選D。2．解析：選CC項(xiàng)說在食物鏈中，有些生物是食物的制造者，而有些則是消費(fèi)者?？蘸蠓謩e以植物和動(dòng)物為例來說明這一點(diǎn)，故選C。3．解析：選AA項(xiàng)說，在動(dòng)物王國，有四種不同類型的消費(fèi)者?？蘸蠓謩e介紹了carnivore“食肉動(dòng)物”，herbivore“食草動(dòng)物”，omnivore“雜食動(dòng)物”及scavenger“食腐動(dòng)物”，對A項(xiàng)加以證明，故選A。4．解析：選EE項(xiàng)說，在圖片里，你能看見什么動(dòng)物或植物是另一種動(dòng)物的食物。空后下文對此進(jìn)行舉例說明，例如葉子是蚱蜢的食物，而蚱蜢又是老鼠的食物……由此可知選E。技法針對練(七)——根據(jù)順承關(guān)系解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Firewasdiscoveredmanythousandsofyearsago.Thefirsttimehumanssawfirewasprobablywhenatreewasdestroyedbylightning(閃電).__1__Theyprobablymadethefirstfirebyrubbing(摩擦)twostickstogether.A．Humanssoonlearnedhowtomakefire.B．Lightningoftenhappensinspringandsummer.1．解析：選A空處前一句說人類第一次看見火可能是在樹被閃電擊毀的時(shí)候。A項(xiàng)說人類很快就學(xué)會如何生火了?？仗幭乱痪湔f的是怎樣生火。由此可知前后句子為時(shí)間上的順承關(guān)系，故選A。Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyouwanttogoshopping,decidehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendfornewclothes.Thinkaboutthekindofclothesyoureallyneed.__1__Therearelabelsinsideallnewclothes.Thelabelstellyouhowtotakecareofyourclothes.Thelabelforashirtmaytellyoutowashitinwarmwater.Asweaterlabelmaytellyoutowashitincoldwater.Thelabelonacoatmaysay“drycleanonly”.Washingmayruinthiscoat.__2__A．Nowadays,youcanbuyclothesfromtheInternet.B．Thenlookforthoseclothesforsale.C．Ifyoudoasthedirectionsonthelabel,youcankeepyourclotheslookingtheirbestforalongtime.1．解析：選B空格前面說去商店買衣服前要想好自己要買多少錢的衣服，考慮一下你真正需要什么類型的衣服，與B項(xiàng)“然后再去找待售的衣服”之間存在著時(shí)間上的順承關(guān)系，故選B。2．解析：選C空格前面介紹了新衣服上都有標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)簽上有保養(yǎng)說明，這與C項(xiàng)“如果按照標(biāo)簽上的說明去做，你的衣服就能保持最佳狀態(tài)很長時(shí)間”之間存在邏輯上的順承關(guān)系，故選C。Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Longago,therewasaqueenwholivedinapalace.Shefeltboredandsaidtoheradvisor,“Allthethings