必修1Unit4Earthquakes李仕才一、閱讀理解ACrossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.“CrossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourlegexplainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻木)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,

，”preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_and_needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.【文章粗心】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上

(蹺二郎腿)的習(xí)慣，這類(lèi)行為會(huì)致使一些健康問(wèn)題?！倦y句剖析】Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.(第二段第二句)剖析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。兩個(gè)that指引的都是表語(yǔ)從句，“makingit...tocirculate”為此刻分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。譯文：這是由于腿部的血液要回流到心臟，就要與重力抗衡，而且把一條腿放在另一條腿上會(huì)加劇這類(lèi)抗衡，這使得血液循環(huán)更難了。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit，B．Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.D．Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.答案與分析：B'考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章前三段內(nèi)容可知，人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)會(huì)使血壓上漲，給腿部和腳部的某些神經(jīng)帶來(lái)壓力，惹起健康問(wèn)題。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)“它可能對(duì)人們的健康有害處”。2．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________.A．a(chǎn)ffectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegs答案與分析：A'考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第二段第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，一項(xiàng)研究表示蹺二郎腿會(huì)影響血壓。應(yīng)選A。3．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans________.A．beinghighlyflexibleB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．slightsharppains答案與分析：D'考察詞義猜想。依據(jù)上文可知，將一條腿放到另一條腿上所產(chǎn)生的這類(lèi)壓力會(huì)使得腳部、腿部某些肌肉無(wú)知覺(jué)、麻木。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)“稍微的刺痛”。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.C．Togivereaderssomeadvice.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.答案與分析：C'考察寫(xiě)作企圖。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹將一條腿放在另一條腿上所致使的健康問(wèn)題，旨在建議讀者不要蹺二郎腿。應(yīng)選CB2Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(有機(jī)體),whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear.Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.Howcanbiotechhelp?Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.3A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotechC.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages2.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoodsB.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoodsC.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutritionD.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries3.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probablymeansthat________.A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhereB.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvancedC.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowersD.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets4.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.【文章粗心】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因食品及其對(duì)人類(lèi)生活的影響。1.C【分析】要旨粗心題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).”可知，本文主要介紹的是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。2.C【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段中的“Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.”可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有助于解決營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良問(wèn)題。4.B【分析】看法態(tài)度題。依據(jù)第三段中的“However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.”可知，作者以為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)前需要嚴(yán)格的檢測(cè)，因而可知作者對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。4二、七選五(2018·廣東省廣州市一般高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試一)We'veallexperiencedpeerpressure(伙伴壓力).Ithappenstoeverybody.However,peoplehavedifferentreactions.Confidentpeoplerefusetodothingstheydon'twanttodo,butshyandanxiouspeopleoftengivein.Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew.__1__.It'shardbeingtheonlyonewhosaysnoandthequestionis:howdoyoudoit?__2__Ifyouthinkthatmissingmaths,orsmoking,orgoingsomewhereyouknowyourparentswouldn'tlikeisabadideathentheanswerissimple:don'tdoit.It'syourdecision,nobodyelse's.Youdon'tneedtobeaggressive.Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,“Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.”Beingonyourownagainsteverybodyelseisveryhard,soitcanreallyhelptohaveatleastoneotherpeer,orfriend,whowillsaynotoo.__3__Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble.Youdon'twantpeoplewhowillalwaysagreewiththemajority.Remember,themostpopularpeoplearen'talwaysthemosttrustworthy.__4__Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.Theycanrecommendmusicandadviseyouonfashion.Anddon'tforgetyoucantellthemthingstoo,andthatalwaysfeelsgreat.So,findfriendswhohavesimilarinterests.Andremember,friendshipisn'taboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.__5__A．Chooseyourfriendscarefully.B．Firstly,youmustdecidewhatyoubelievein.C．It'saboutsharingexperiencesandhavingfun.D．Ofcourse,peerpressureisn'tcompletelybad.E．Itmaybebecausetheywereallborntobestubborn.F．Depressionandguiltwillsurelygiveyoupeerpressure.G．Whateverthereason,somepeopleendupdoingthingstheyreallydon'twanttodo.【文章粗心】自信的人往常選擇拒絕做不愿意做的事情，而害羞和憂(yōu)慮的人往常會(huì)選擇接受。本文介紹了怎樣學(xué)會(huì)拒絕并解說(shuō)了怎樣素來(lái)自伙伴的壓力中學(xué)習(xí)。51．答案與分析：G'依據(jù)空前兩句“Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem，orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew”可知，那些害羞和憂(yōu)慮的人做他們不想做的事情可能是為了讓他人喜愛(ài)自己，也可能擔(dān)憂(yōu)他們的朋友會(huì)譏笑他們，或許僅是試試新事物。聯(lián)合空地方在的地點(diǎn)能夠判斷，空處承前啟后，說(shuō)明不論是何種原由，這些人選擇了做他們不想做的事情，故G項(xiàng)切合文意。2．答案與分析：B'依據(jù)該段最后兩句“Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,‘Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.’”可知，關(guān)于怎樣拒絕，你無(wú)需叫喚，可是要自信和堅(jiān)定；據(jù)此可知，空處表示要確立你相信的東西，故B項(xiàng)切合文意。3．答案與分析：A'依據(jù)空后一句“Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble”可知，你需要在你困難時(shí)會(huì)支持你的朋友；據(jù)此能夠判斷，空處介紹的是“要謹(jǐn)慎選擇朋友”，故A項(xiàng)與此處般配。4．答案與分析：D'依據(jù)空后的“Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.”可知，你能夠從同齡人那邊學(xué)習(xí)好多，他們能教會(huì)你好多知識(shí)；據(jù)此能夠判斷，來(lái)自伙伴的壓力并不是完整部是壞事，故D項(xiàng)切合文意。5．答案與分析：C'依據(jù)“Theycanteachyou...thatalwaysfeelsgreat.”可知，友情是分享技術(shù)、喜好等，是一同享受快樂(lè)，故C項(xiàng)切合文意。三、短文改錯(cuò)(2018·長(zhǎng)沙市高中畢業(yè)生供題)Itsnowedlastnight,whenwasquiterarehereinWesternWashingtonState.Schoolcanceledforthedayandtheneighborhoodkidsweresoexciting!Acoupleofmyyoungneighborsknockedpoliteonmydoorandaskediftheycouldallplayintheircourtyard.Iwashappytohavingthemandsoontheyweremakingsnowmenandhavingsnowballfights.Iinvitethemintohavehotcocoaandhomemadecookie.Thesnowdidn'tlastlong—itstartedraininginthisafternoon—soIenjoyedseeingthekidshavesomuchfunwhileitwashere!答案：Itsnowedlastnight,whenwasquiterarehereinWesternWashingtonState.whichSchool∧canceledforthedayandtheneighborhoodkidsweresoexciting！Acouplewasexcited6ofmyyoungneighborsknockedpoliteonmydoorandaskediftheycouldallplaypolitelyintheircourtyard.Iwashappytohavingthemandsoontheyweremakingsnowmenmyhaveandhavingsnowballfights.Iinvitethemintohavehotcocoaandhomemadecookie.invitedcookiesThesnowdidn'tlastlong—itstartedraininginthisafternoon—soIenjoyedbutseeingthekidshavesomuchfunwhileitwashere!四、短文語(yǔ)法填空FelicityMiller,a32-year-oldBritishwoman,__1__hasaChinesehusband,stillremembersthe__2__(excite)whenshefirstlearnedtousethe“redpacket”functiononWeChatin2015.ShesentandgrabbedsomeredpacketsinherChinesefamily’sgroup.Theruleinherfamilywasthatthe__3__(high)amountsentthenext.Attractedbytheuniquewayofcommunicating,manyforeigners__4__(join)insendingandgrabbingredpacketssofar.Usually,themoneyineachpacketisrandom.Thustheamountofmoneyonecangrab__5__(large)dependsonhisorherluck,from0.01yuantolessthan200yuan.Manyforeignersgetmorefamiliar__6__Chinesecult