TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfully

employedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressiona

ndlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofth

e1950's,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenat

ionaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat3

92billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanitha

daveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry'sbusinessspent

about30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforsp

endingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspent

about256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivem

illiondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonl

yalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturec

omplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominouse

choofthemid-1920^.Asfarmer'sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.

Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotas

confidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandw

ouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950,s???b.TheUnemploymentRateof1950's

c.U.S.EconomyintheTheFederalBudgetof1952

2.InLine4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby.

a.nearbyexplosionb.thunderousnoisec.generalpublicsupportd.rapideconomi

cgrowth

3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnit

edStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof?

a.confidence,,,,、confusion???c.disappointment,,,,,,d.suspicion

4.WhichofthefollowingvvereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinth

e1950,s?

a.Economists,,,,b.Frmaers,,,c.Politicians.........d.Steelworkers

5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreateri

n1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?

a.60%...b.50%…c.33%…….d.90%

答案：cdabc

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanappl

yonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossible

months.ltshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation

,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshor

t-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthena

ddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.

Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymightd

ealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendfors

everalyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobeco

mediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefin

yourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivati

onanddesirewillincrease.

Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfive

yearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimit

usorourcourseofaction.

1.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot—.

a.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

b.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

c.ifwewritedownthedates

d.ifweputforwardsomeplans

2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon_.

a.twoyears

b.long-termgoals

c.currentactivities

d.lhegoalsthathavebeencompleted

3.Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,_.

a.wewillwinfinalsuccess

b.weareoverwhelmed

c.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

d.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

4.Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,—.

a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

b.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

c.wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

d.wehavemadegreatdecision

5.Ilisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

b.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

c.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

d.everyshouldhaveagoal

答案：adcbc

Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswillsmoke

theirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifeti

me,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintraffic

accidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofde

athsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvol

untary,asacauseofdeath.

Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30prec

ent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressiveseveral

importantissuesmustberaised.

First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.S

econd,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfe

malebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,severalrecentstudieshavein

dicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.

Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastde

cade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiu

te(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmoki

ngleveslamongyouth

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby.

a.trafficaccidents.......b.smoking-relateddesease,,,..c.murder..........d.allofthese

2.Everydaythereareoverhighschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker.

a.75b.23c.30d.3000

3.By“dropout”theauthormeans.

a.studentswhofailedtheexamination

b.studentswholeftschool

c.studentswholosttheirway

d.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool

4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat.

a.NClhastakeneffectivemeasures

b.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors

c.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

d.noneofthese

5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat.

a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

b.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniors

c.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealth

d.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

答案：bdbdb

Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventu

allynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21st

century,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,

forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedc

onditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforIustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.

Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.

Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmerican

scientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.

Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbep

ossibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeas

earthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyat

inyamountofwaterthere.

Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospher

esandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseon

Venus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.Spaceshi

pwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inafairlyshorttime,t

healgewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbon.

Whenthealgaehavedonetheriwork,theatmospherewillbecomecooler,butbefor

mancansetfootonVenusitwillbeneccessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.Thesurf

aceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotformantolandonitbuttherainwilleventuallyf

allandinafewyearssomethinglikeearthwillbereproducedonVenus

l.lntelongrun,themostinsolubleproblemcausedbypopulationgrowthonearthwillpro

bablybethelackof.

a.food.......b.oil.............c.space...........d.resource

2.CarlSaganbelievesthatVenusmightbecolonizedfromearthbecause

a.itmightbepossibletochangeitsatmosphere

b.itsatmosphereisthesameastheearth's

c.thereisagoodsupplyofwateronVenus

d.thedaysonVenusarelongenough

3.OnVenusthereisalotof.

a.waterb.carbondioxidec.carbonmonoxided.oxygen

4.Algaeareplantsthatcan.

a.liveinveryhottemperaturesb.liveinverycoldtemperatures

c.manufactureoxygend.alloftheabove

5.MancanlandonVenusonlywhen.

a.thealgaehavedonetheirworkb.theatmospherebecomescooler

c.thereisoxygend.itrainsthere

答案：cabdd

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.Theywante

dtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.Someofthe

mdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformed

utopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes/wheretheycouldfollowtheirphil

osophyofndoyourownthing."AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColor

adocalled"DropCity.'*FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFull

ertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorK

enKesey*sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagrou

pthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnite

dStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRock

Festivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,b

uttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijua

na.

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.Twi

nOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofp

sychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledby

Skinner's"conditioning1'techniquestodothingsthatwerego