Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero(一)閱讀詞匯——明其義、寫其形第一組：明其義1．meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的3．easy-goingadj.隨和的；溫和寬容的4．selflessadj.無私的；忘我的5．releasevt.釋放；發(fā)行6．principlen.法則；原則；原理7．mankindn.人類8．leapn.飛躍；跳躍9．warm-heartedadj.熱心腸的10．quoten.引用語；語錄第二組：寫其形1．qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2．opinionn.意見；看法；主張3．foundvt.建立；建設(shè)4．hopefuladj.懷有希望的5．youthn.青年；青年時(shí)期6．stagen.舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期7．votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決8．a(chǎn)ttackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊9．willingadj.樂意的；自愿的10．unfairadj.不公正的；不公平的11．escapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；避開12．begvi.請(qǐng)求；乞求13．relativen.親戚；親屬14．rewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞15．sentencevt.判決；宣判(二)表達(dá)詞匯——曉其變、通其用1．a(chǎn)ctiveadj.積極的；活躍的→activelyadv.積極地；活躍地→activityn．活動(dòng)2．devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于→devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深愛的→devotionn．關(guān)愛；獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)3．peacefuladj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→peacefullyadv.和平地→peacen．和平；平靜；和睦4．guidancen．指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→guidevt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)n．向?qū)?．violencen．暴力；暴行→violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→violentlyadv.猛烈地6．equaladj.相等的；平等的→equalityn．平等；相等→equallyadv.同樣地；相等地7．educatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練→educatedadj.受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育工作者；教育家8．crueltyn．殘忍；殘酷→crueladj.殘忍的；殘酷的(三)常用短語——多積累、準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用1．outofwork失業(yè)2．a(chǎn)samatteroffact事實(shí)上3．blowup使充氣；爆炸4．introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中5．turnto求助于；致力于6．loseheart喪失勇氣或信心7．cometopower當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)8．setup設(shè)立；建立9．besentencedto被判處……(徒刑)10．bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事11．beinprison蹲監(jiān)獄12．inone'sopinion在某人看來(四)經(jīng)典句式——明特點(diǎn)、會(huì)仿用1．?dāng)M人修辭手法悟原句Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress...背佳句(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedtheeffortsofourheadmasterandhisachievementsofdevelopingsportsbusiness.2．“only＋狀語”置于句首的倒裝句式悟原句...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.背佳句(2016·浙江6月高考書面表達(dá))Onlyifwebridgethegapbetweenplanningandactuallydoingcanweachievesuccess.3．thefirsttime“第一次……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句悟原句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.背佳句Thefirsttimehemetthegirl,hewasstruckbyherwisdomandfellinlovewithher.1.“獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)賞”家族①rewardvt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞n.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金②awardvt.授予；獎(jiǎng)給n.獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金③prizen.獎(jiǎng)金；獎(jiǎng)品④bonusn.獎(jiǎng)金；紅利⑤bountyn.獎(jiǎng)金；賞金2.“人物性格”形容詞全掃描①generous慷慨的②mean吝嗇的③devoted忠實(shí)的④easy-going隨和的⑤warm-hearted熱心腸的⑥active積極的⑦energetic有活力的3.“in＋n.(抽象名詞)”面面觀①introuble在困境中②indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中③inreturn作為回報(bào)④indetail詳細(xì)地⑤inorder井然有序⑥inpower當(dāng)權(quán)4.“動(dòng)詞＋to”短語聚焦①turnto求助于②objectto反對(duì)③referto談到；涉及④pointto指向⑤belongto屬于⑥stickto堅(jiān)持；忠于⑦seeto處理；料理eq\a\vs4\al(鞏固于訓(xùn)練上頁記熟，本頁練通；薄弱的考點(diǎn)，留待課堂重點(diǎn)攻堅(jiān))Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．(2020·江蘇高考)Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity(active)．2．(2020·江蘇高考)Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducation(educate)atWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.3．Underourteacher'scarefulguidance(guide),wefinishedourhomeworkinadvance.4．Themanshouldbecondemnedforhiscruelty(cruel)tohiswife.5．Itdoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacterthattoomuchviolence(violent)isshownontelevision.6．Kenyaisknowntobeapeacefulcountry.It'sbeenamodelofpeaceinAfrica.(peace)7．Hedevotedhislifetohiswork,andhisdevotiontohisjobisadmiredbyeveryone,includingsomeofhisdevotedfriends.(devote)8．Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)Ⅱ.介、副詞填空1．(2020·天津7月高考)Attheendoftheceremony,avideoaboutourschoolmates'fightingagainstCOVID-19wasreleasedforustowatch,whichmovedusdeeply.2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.3．Hesetuphisownbusinessafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.4．Iknewwewereintroublewhentheelevatorstopped.5．Inmyopinion,itisabouttimethatwehadnewcomputers.6．I'dliketothankmyfriend,who'sbeenverygenerouswithhistime.7．Theenemyhadplannedtoblowupthebridge,butfailedatlast.8．Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.9．Idon'texpectanythinginreward;IdiditbecauseIenjoyedit.10．Asamatteroffact,airinmanycitiesisofpoorquality.Ⅲ.選詞填空1．cometopower/inpower①Bythetimehecametopowerin1951hewasalreadyseventy.②Thegovernmentinpowerisdevotedtotheimprovementofeducation.2．thefirsttime/forthefirsttime①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slessonthefirsttimeheattendedhisclass.②IvisitedHangzhouforthefirsttimethissummer.Ⅳ.寫出加藍(lán)部分在語境中的含義1．It'sagainstmyprinciplestoacceptgiftsfromclients.原則2．Bigcitiescanbelonelyplacesifyouhavenofriendsorrelativesthere.親戚3．Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthemoment.被遺忘4．Thiswasafrighteningdiseasethatattackedthecentralnervoussystem.損害5．①M(fèi)issingthebusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.意味著②—Whyhaven'tyouboughtanybutter?—Ihadmeantto,butIforgotaboutit.意欲；打算③AsfarasIknow,heismeanwithhismoney.自私的；吝嗇的④Itismeantospeakillofothers.卑鄙的Ⅴ.補(bǔ)全句子1．在我看來，網(wǎng)上投票是現(xiàn)代生活中不可分割的一部分。(opinion)Inmyopinion,onlinevotingisaninseparablepartofmodernlife.2．我們需要積極參加各種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，注意心理健康。(active)Weneedtotakeanactivepartinallkindsofsports,andpayattentiontomentalhealth.3．清華大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1911年，是中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。(found)TsinghuaUniversity，foundedin1911，isoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.4．我第一次在會(huì)議廳演講時(shí)非常緊張。(thefirsttime)IwasverynervousthefirsttimeIgaveaspeechinthemeetinghall.5．這是一個(gè)沒有收音機(jī)、沒有電話，也沒有電視的時(shí)期。(Thisisatimewhen)Thiswasatimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.6．這座古廟見證了過去二百年里這個(gè)村莊的巨大變遷。(see)Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.7．只有在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到與所有的朋友脫離關(guān)系，從不與他們聯(lián)系是多么地傻。(部分倒裝)OnlythendidIrealizehowfoolishIwastobreakawayfromallofmyfriendsandnevercontactthem.1．devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于(1)devote...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)于/專注于……devoteoneselfto(doing)...獻(xiàn)身于……；致力于(做)……(2)devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深愛的bedevotedto(doing)...奉獻(xiàn)于(做)……；專心于(做)……(3)devotionn.關(guān)愛；關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng)[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Societyevenpraises“burningthecandleatbothends”asasignofourdevotion(devote)toworkandfamily.②Youcanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.句式升級(jí)③Theyoungladydevotesherselftoteachingthedeafchildren,soshehaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.→Devotingherselftoteachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)→Devotedtoteachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(過去分詞作狀語)補(bǔ)全句子④(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))IfIamchosen,Iwilldevotemyselftobeingaqualifiedvolunteer.如果我被選中，我將努力成為一名合格的志愿者。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]devote...to...中的“to”是介詞，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。類似短語有：adapt...to...使適應(yīng)；使配合adjust...to...調(diào)節(jié)……以適應(yīng)addict...to...使……對(duì)……上癮apply...to...把……應(yīng)用于……attach...to...把……附在……上2．equaladj.相等的；平等的；同等的；勝任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物[辨析法理清]辨清楚寫出下列句中equal的詞性及含義①Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.vt.等于；比得上②Iamnotequaltotheposition,soIdon'tapplyforit.adj.勝任的③Suchbehavioris,tomymind,withoutequalallovertheworld.n.相等的事物④(2019·江蘇高考)Afterall,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.adj.平等的理明白(1)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/勝任(做)某事equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得過、敵得過某人/某物withoutequal＝havenoequal無與倫比(2)equalityn.平等；相等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；同樣地[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]單句語法填空⑤Anymanwillbeequaltothetask,solongasheiscareful.Youshouldgiveitatry.⑥Mydeskmatedoesn'tequalmeinEnglish,butherphysicsisbetter.一句多譯盡管約翰很年輕，但是他卻能勝任這項(xiàng)重要的工作。⑦Youngashewas,Johnwasequaltotheimportanttask.(equal)⑧Althoughhewasyoung,Johnwasfitfortheimportanttask.(fit)⑨Youngashewas,Johnwasqualifiedfortheimportanttask.(qualified)3．escapev．&n．逃脫；逃走；避開；泄露；被遺忘[辨析法理清]辨清楚寫出下列句中escape的詞性及含義①Theyranawayfromtheguardsandthreeofthemescaped.vi.逃脫②I'vemetherbefore,buthernameescapedme.vt.被遺忘③(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.n.避開理明白(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escapefrom從……逃脫；逃避sth.escape(s)sb.某物被某人遺忘；未被注意(2)fireescape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口anarrowescape九死一生；死里逃生[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]單句語法填空④Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.⑤Thatwasanarrowescapeallrightwhenourcarturnedover!⑥Heescapedbeingkilled(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.一句多譯你很幸運(yùn)地逃過了懲罰。⑦Youareluckytoescapepunishment.(escapesth.)⑧Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.(escapedoingsth.)4．rewardn．報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞(1)asareward(for...)作為(對(duì)……的)報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞inrewardfor為酬謝……；作為……的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(2)rewardsb.with...forsth.為某事而用……酬謝某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物/事酬謝某人(3)rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；有意義的(4)awardn.獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金vt.授予；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①(2016·北京高考)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.②YoumentionedthatyoucouldteachmeEnglishasareward,whichisexactlywhatIwant.③(2020·浙江7月高考)Itisrewarding(reward)totrynewthings.一句多譯(2019·北京高考書面表達(dá))我很樂意帶你游玩北京，以報(bào)答你的慷慨相助。④I'mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijingasarewardforyourgeneroushelp.(as)⑤I'mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijinginrewardforyourgeneroushelp.(in)1．introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中l(wèi)ookfortrouble找麻煩；自討苦吃getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻煩havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.做某事方面有困難/麻煩takethetroubletodosth.不辭辛勞地做某事[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Asisknowntousall,ifweareintrouble,itisnotourphonesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout.②Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently.③Thanksforthetroubleyouhavetakentohelp(help)us.④Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhadpersuading(persuade)himtochangehismind.2．turnto求助于；翻到(書的某頁)；致力于；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向[辨析法理清]辨清楚寫出下列句中turnto的含義①Heisreadytohelpothers,seldom,ifever,refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.求助于②Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism.轉(zhuǎn)向③Youshouldn'talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.查閱④PleaseturntoPage40.翻到理明白turndown關(guān)?。痪芙^turnaway拒絕……入內(nèi)；把……打發(fā)走turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；趕走；生產(chǎn)turnover打翻；翻身；移交[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]選用上述短語填空⑤(2020·浙江7月高考)Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.⑥(2020·江蘇高考)Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.⑦Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.⑧Providedthathedoesn'tagreetohelpus,whoshouldweturnto?3．?dāng)M人修辭手法[教材原句]Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress...過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋了我們的進(jìn)步……[用法規(guī)則](1)see意為“見證；目睹；經(jīng)歷”時(shí)，常以表示時(shí)代、年代、世紀(jì)或地點(diǎn)的名詞作主語，表示某時(shí)或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。(2)與see用法相同的動(dòng)詞有find,witness,say,experience等，這些詞在句中作謂語，用物作主語時(shí)，表示一種擬人的修辭手法，以增添語言色彩，使表達(dá)更形象。[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]單句語法填空①Thecitysaw(see)aseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDrKingwasshottodeathin1968.②Theyear1949witnessed(witness)thefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.補(bǔ)全句子③AsIknow,thisstadiumhasseenmanythrillingfootballgames.據(jù)我所知，在這座體育場(chǎng)里進(jìn)行過許多激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽。4．“only＋狀語”置于句首的倒裝句式[教材原句]...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。用法規(guī)則only放在句首修飾狀語(通常是副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句等)時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：only＋狀語＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞be＋主語＋其他。注意事項(xiàng)(1)“only＋從句”放在句首時(shí)，倒裝的是主句，從句不倒裝；(2)only放在句首修飾主語時(shí)不用倒裝。[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]單句語法填空①OnlythendidIrealizehowimportantsuchalittlethingascleaningthehousewas.②Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachothercanwespend(spend)thosebeautifuldaystogetherhappily.補(bǔ)全句子③Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuildingaharmonioussociety.只有我們認(rèn)識(shí)到相互幫助的重要性，我們才能致力于構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)。5．thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句[教材原句]IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我的心情很不好。用法規(guī)則thefirsttime用作連詞，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“第一次……”。與thefirsttime有類似用法的詞語還有：(1)each/everytime每次……時(shí)nexttime下次……時(shí)thelasttime上次……時(shí)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2themoment/theminute/theinstant,immediately/instantly/directly))eq\a\vs4\al(一……,就……)注意事項(xiàng)thefirsttime表示“第一次”，在句中可作賓語、表語，還可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。forthefirsttime表示“第一次”，獨(dú)立作狀語，不引導(dǎo)從句。[針對(duì)訓(xùn)練]對(duì)比填空：thefirsttime/forthefirsttime①Hereceivedwarmwelcomethefirsttimeheperformedonthestage.②Howshouldwebehavewhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?補(bǔ)全句子③Eachtimethefilmstarvisitsourcity,hereceivesawarmwelcomefromhisfans.每次這位電影明星來訪問我們城市時(shí)，他都會(huì)受到影迷的熱烈歡迎。一、在考題集訓(xùn)中查驗(yàn)單元語基(一)高考中的語法填空1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefully(hopeful)presents.2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Thereareusuallynoplannedactivities(active)likegamesatahousewarmingparty.3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Highlights(精彩之處)includeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeaceful(peace)temples.4．(2020·江蘇高考)Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounder(found)ofLoveFone.5．(2020·浙江7月高考)Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidance(guide)play,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.6．(2020·浙江1月高考)Therefore,theydon'thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon'tgetaneducation(educate)．7．(2015·安徽高考)Whenanindividualantcomesunderattackorisdying,itsendsoutanalarmpheromone.8．(2014·廣東高考)Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolence(violent)can.(二)高考中的閱讀理解熟詞生義(2018·江蘇高考)However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmeanspiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.刻薄的詞類活用(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies？n.報(bào)酬生詞僻義(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.慷慨的(三)高考中的完形填空1．(2020·天津7月高考)Heconvincedthepolicedepartmenttoallowhimto26aA．putaway B．makeoutC．tearapart D．setup解析：選D根據(jù)空后的“Thenhehungacolorfulsignoneachofthebenches”可知，這里指他說服公安部門允許他在公園里設(shè)置聊天長(zhǎng)椅。2．(2019·浙江6月高考)Therearelotsofwaystoraiseawarenessforacause.Usually,thestrangertheideais,themoreitgetsnoticed.Andthat'spreciselywhyonegarbage-eatingFrenchmanhascaughtourattention.BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirelyondiscarded(丟棄)food.Thethree-month,1,900-milejourneyfromParistoWarsawisDubanchet's39ofraisingawarenessoffoodwasteinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.A．purpose B．wayC．opinion D．dream解析：選B由選文第一段第一句“Therearelotsofwaystoraiseawarenessforacause.(引起人們對(duì)一項(xiàng)事業(yè)的關(guān)注有很多種方式)”可知，從巴黎到華沙，歷時(shí)三個(gè)月，騎行1900英里，這就是Dubanchet引起歐洲和世界對(duì)食物浪費(fèi)這一現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注的方式(way)。purpose“目的”；opinion“觀點(diǎn)”；dream“夢(mèng)想”。3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Morethanthat，I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren'texcitedenoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutourinstructorwasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame'sbest.Icouldhardlywaittomeethim.A．urged B．demandedC．held D．meant解析：選D國(guó)際象棋課程的導(dǎo)師是一位國(guó)際象棋大師，這就意味著(meant)“我”將跟隨下國(guó)際象棋最好的人之一學(xué)習(xí)。urge“催促，極力主張”；demand“(堅(jiān)決)要求”；hold“抓住，使保持”。4．(2015·浙江高考)Onthesurface,thesepeopleseemtobeveryluckyinlife.Astheyleftstudentlifebehind,manyhadalastdrinkattheircheapbutfriendlylocalbar,shookhandswithlongtimeroommates,andmovedoutofsmallapartmentsintohighbuildings.Theymadereservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottleofwine25aA．shared B．paidC．equaled D．collected解析：選C本句的意思是：他們?cè)诓宛^里訂餐，那里一瓶酒的花費(fèi)相當(dāng)于大學(xué)時(shí)一個(gè)月的房租。share“分享”；pay“付錢”；equal“等于，相等”；collect“收集”。根據(jù)句意可知C正確。(四)高考中的寫作1．(2020·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))只有你看完這些有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史的紀(jì)錄片你才能體驗(yàn)中國(guó)的悠久歷史。(倒裝句)OnlyafteryouhaveseenthesedocumentariesaboutChinacanyouexperienceitslonghistory.2．(2020·天津5月高考書面表達(dá))面對(duì)困難，我沒有喪失信心。最終，我在英語學(xué)習(xí)上取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(loseheart)Facedwithdifficulties,Ididn'tloseheart.AtlastIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.3．(2016·浙江6月高考書面表達(dá))有了勇氣和毅力，我確實(shí)進(jìn)步很快。(強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞)Withbraveryandperseverance,Ididmakerapidprogress.二、在拓展訓(xùn)練中積累主題詞匯eq\a\vs4\al(“優(yōu)秀品行，正確的人生態(tài)度”主題常用詞匯)①admire□②actively□③gifted□④ambitious□⑤talented□⑥dutiful□⑦optimistic□⑧energetic□⑨strict□⑩determined□?cheerful□?gentle□?intelligence□?distinction□?willing□?thoughtful□?forgetful□?liein□?beenthusiasticabout□?makegreatachievementsin□eq\a\vs4\al(熟練詞匯在□內(nèi)打“√”，欠熟練詞匯平時(shí)多關(guān)注)[練中鞏固]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtful(有思想的)woman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.2．(2020·浙江1月高考)Itdidn'ttakelongbeforethetwoplayedaroundthehouse,cheerfully(歡樂地)runningaftereachother.3．(2020·天津5月高考)However,laterwhenIlearnedfrommyfriendsthatmydaddefeatedallcompetitorsandwoneveryone'sadmiration(贊賞),Ifoundthatmixedinwithmyembarrassmentwasatouchofpride.4．(2020·天津5月高考)Thecompanyiswilling(樂意的)tobringinthenewtechnologyifitcanbeshowntoreduceproductioncosts.5．(2020·天津7月高考)I'veheardthatyouareatalented/gifted(有天賦的)youngwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitious(ambition)yetsimplertime.3．It'scheerful(cheer)thatthenewbridgehasbeenfinishedtwomonthsaheadofschedule.4．Ifyouwanttoloseweight,you'dbetterdietstrictly(strict)．5．Wearedetermined(determine)tocarryouttheplanifyouhavenoobjection.6．Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactively(active)involvedinclass,andreviewwhathadbeentaughtinclass.7．AsfarasI'mconcerned,heisoneofthemosttalented(talent)studentsinourclass.8．There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscoverywhileanotherman,alsointelligent(intelligence),fails.9．Theywerebothdutiful(duty)andattentivesons,andwereregularintheirvisitstotheirparents.10．Sheworriesbecausehermother'sgettingveryforgetful(forget)．Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Owingtothefactthathecandowhateverhehaschosentodowithgreatperseverance,hehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.由于他能夠堅(jiān)持不懈地做他所選擇做的任何事情，所以他在很多領(lǐng)域都取得了偉大成就。2．Hischarmingpersonalityliesinasimplefactthatheneverhesitatestohelpothers.他的人格魅力在于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)：對(duì)幫助別人他從不猶豫。3．Shewasquiteoptimisticandenergetic.Shebroughtmealotofhappinessandcourage.Ilearnedsomethingpreciousfromher—beliefinlife.她非常樂觀有活力。她給我?guī)砹嗽S多快樂和勇氣。我從她身上學(xué)到了一些寶貴的東西——要對(duì)生活有信心。4．ManypeoplearoundtheworldadmireChinaforitsgreatcontributionstotheworldpeace.世界各地的許多人欽佩中國(guó)對(duì)世界和平所做的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。5．Myforeignteacherisenthusiasticaboutbothteachingandphysicalexercise.我的外教老師對(duì)教學(xué)和體育鍛煉都很熱情。[單元主題語篇訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.完形填空Iamtheonlypersonwhohasreachedseniormiddleschoolinmyfamily.So,Iamthe“besteducated”.ButIalsousedtobethemost1becauseIneverthoughtaboutmymanners.Asabusy2，Ialwayscomehomefromschoollate.WhenIgethomeat3，itistimeformymeal.Aftereating,Igotoschoolagain.Butoneday,whenIwasreadytogotoschoolafterlunchasusual,Dadstoppedme.“Couldyou4mesometime？”heasked，“justone5.”IlookedatthetimeandfoundIdidn'thavemuchtimeleft.“OK,Dad,butpleasemakeit6.”“Allright,Iknowyouare7，soIwilljustaskyoutwoquestions.Couldyou8howmanythingsyouhavedoneforour9？And,couldyoutellmehowoftenyousayhellotoyourfamilymemberswhenyougethome？”Thatday,whenIwasat10，IthoughtaboutthequestionswithoutunderstandingwhyDadhad11askedthem.Then,myfriend,agirlfromarichfamily,askedmewhatwas12me.Itoldher.Afterlistening,shelaughed.“Hey!That'snothing13！Youknow,IneverdoanythingorsayhellotoanybodywhenIamathome,either.”Thensheadded,“AsfarasIknow,90percentofour14haveneverdonethesethings.”Really?Atthatmoment,I15whymydadhadaskedmethosequestions.Itwasbecauseitisgood16tosayhellotoyourfamily.However,mostofusstudentsdon'tknow,oreven17this.Howsadweare!IfinallyrealizedhowIshouldanswermydad'squestions.First,Iwoulddoallthosethingsthatarecalledgoodmanners.Second,Iwould18myclassmatestobeawareoftheirmannersassoonaspossible.ThatnightItoldthesethingstoDad.“Good，”hesaid,“Betterlatethannever.”Thenextafternoon,whenIgothome,IsawMuminthekitchencooking.“Hi,Mum,I'm19，”Isaid.Shelookedatmeandgavemeabig20.語篇解讀：作者是家里受教育程度最高的人，但他對(duì)家人卻很冷淡。一天，父親的兩個(gè)問題讓他意識(shí)到他的錯(cuò)誤：不向家人問好是一種無禮的行為。于是，他改變了。1．A.shy B．impoliteC．a(chǎn)ngry D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：選B根據(jù)空后的“becauseIneverthoughtaboutmymanners”和下文可知，我曾經(jīng)是最沒有禮貌的。故選B。2．A.seniorstudent B．shopassistantC．schoolteacher D．housewife解析：選A根據(jù)“Ialwayscomehomefromschoollate”可知，我是個(gè)忙碌的高中學(xué)生。故選A。3．A.time B．nightC．noon D．sparetime解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“Butoneday,whenIwasreadytogotoschoolafterlunchasusual”可知此處要填noon，表示中午回到家。故選C。4．A.spend B．takeC．spare D．lend解析：選C根據(jù)下文可知，父親問我是否能抽出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。故選C。5．A.thing B．hourC．question D．minute解析：選D根據(jù)“IlookedatthetimeandfoundIdidn'thavemuchtimeleft.”，再聯(lián)系上下文可知父親問我是否能抽出一分鐘的時(shí)間，故選D。6．A.easy B．happyC．quick D．simple解析：選C根據(jù)上一句“IlookedatthetimeandfoundIdidn'thavemuchtimeleft.”可知，我剩下的時(shí)間不多了，讓父親快點(diǎn)。故選C。7．A.impolite B．politeC．patient D．busy解析：選D此處是說，父親知道我很忙，因此就問兩個(gè)問題。故選D。8．A.lookabout B．makesureC．findout D．takeout解析：選C此處是父親問我的第一個(gè)問題：你弄清楚了你為我們這一家人做了多少事情嗎？findout“弄清楚”，故選C。9．A.family B．membersC．house D．promise解析：選A參見上題解析。10．A.bed B．schoolC．table D．home解析：選B上文說到，我吃過午飯要去上學(xué)時(shí)父親問了我兩個(gè)問題，此處應(yīng)該是我回到了學(xué)校。beatschool“在學(xué)校”，故選B。11．A.suddenly B．obviouslyC．clearly D．simply解析：選A根據(jù)上下文可知，我沒有想到父親會(huì)突然問我這樣的問題，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。12．A.surprising B．painingC．puzzling D．delighting解析：選C我不明白父親為什么會(huì)問這樣的問題，朋友問我是什么讓我迷惑不解。puzzle“使迷惑”，故選C。13．A.dangerous B．normalC．valuable D．important解析：選D從后一句“Youknow,IneverdoanythingorsayhellotoanybodywhenIamathome,either.”可知，我的朋友認(rèn)為不問候家人不是件重要的事情。故選D。14．A.family B．classC．neighbor D．town解析：選B朋友又說，我們班有90%的同學(xué)不做這些事(問候家人)。根據(jù)語境可知選B。15．A.wondered B．understoodC．knew D．noticed解析：選B聽了朋友的話，我明白了父親為什么要問我這樣的問題。故選B。16．A.way B．exerciseC．chance D．manners解析：選Ditisgoodmannerstodosth.“做某事是有禮貌的”，固定搭配。故選D。17．A.thinkabout B．careaboutC．callfor D．huntfor解析：選B此處是說，我們大部分學(xué)生不知道甚至不在意這一切。careabout“關(guān)心，在乎”，故選B。18．A.force B．remindC．a(chǎn)llow D．a(chǎn)sk解析：選B我應(yīng)當(dāng)提醒我的同學(xué)盡快地意識(shí)到他們的舉止，而不是強(qiáng)迫、允許或要求。故選B。19．A.home B．lateC．sorry D．hungry解析：選A上一句的“whenIgothome”呼應(yīng)此處的空缺：我回到家問候媽媽“Hi,Mum,I'mhome.”故選A。20．A.cake B．suggestionC．smile D．chance解析：選C媽媽看著我，沖我開心地笑了。givesb.asmile“對(duì)某人微笑”，故選C。tips完形填空之利用前后語境解題近幾年高考英語完形填空的最大特點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)考查語境理解。所謂語境，就是指文章上下文之間的聯(lián)系，它包括文章語氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。正因?yàn)橥晷翁羁疹}主要考查考生對(duì)語境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，一定要從整體上把握文章的內(nèi)容，弄清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合語境辨析所給選項(xiàng)，從中選出最符合語境的選項(xiàng)。例如上文第3題，根據(jù)下文的“Butoneday,whenIwasreadytogotoschoolafterlunchasusual”可知第3題要填noon，表示中午回到家。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyourfriendlikessomething,youlikeit,too.It'sthesituationof“Loveme,lovemydog.”1ASmokingcanbeinfluentialamongfriends.15yearsago,itseemedthateveryoneIknewsmoked.2Smokingisforbiddeninoffices,restaurants,andotherpublicplaces.Smokersandnonsmokersdon'thangoutwitheachotherasmuch.So,ifyou'reasmoker,keepinmindthatifyouquit,yourfriendsarelikelytofollowsuit.Andifyoudon'tsmoke,benicetothatguyintheofficesmokingoutside.Maybeyoucanpassyourhealthyhabittohim.Donationcanbeaffectedbyfriends.3In4Expertshavefoundthathavingafirst-degreefriendwhoishappyincreasesyourpossibilityofhappinessby15percent.Ifthatfriendliveslessthanamileaway,theeffectgoesupto25percent.Whenyouhaveathird-degreefriendwhoishappy,yourpossibilityofbeinghappyincreasesbyalargerpercent.5A．Sogooutandmakeahappyfriend.B．Beinghappymakesyouextremelyattractive.C．Levelsofhappinesscanbeinfluencedamongfriends.D．Whenyourfriendhatessomething,youalsohateit.E．Trynottohangoutwithsmokersifyouareanonsmoker.F．80percentofpeoplegaveawaythingsbecauseofpeoplearound.G．However,thechangesintheculturehavemadesmokingl