高考閱讀理解：細(xì)節(jié)題類解題策略譯林版牛津高中英語考查的閱讀技能點(diǎn)：

Discerningcontext'smainidea;語篇主旨要義

(2)Noticingcontext'sdetails;細(xì)節(jié)理解(3)Guessingmeaningfromcontext;根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義

(4)Makingjudgmentsandinferencesaccordingtothecontext;推理判斷(5)Identifyingthetextstructureandlogicalrelationship;文章結(jié)構(gòu)和文脈邏輯(6)Interpretingtheauthor'sviewpoint,purposeandattitude.作者的觀點(diǎn)意圖和態(tài)度

語篇主旨要義細(xì)節(jié)理解根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義推理判斷文章結(jié)構(gòu)和文脈邏輯作者的觀點(diǎn)意圖和態(tài)度201417250020152714012016250701201707160120183615002019281400從歷年文章話題看：細(xì)節(jié)理解題（Noticingcontext'sdetails）此題型考查考生根據(jù)文章所提供的的信息選擇合理選項(xiàng)的能力命題規(guī)律：

細(xì)節(jié)理解題由簡(jiǎn)單的尋找信息轉(zhuǎn)向綜合考查多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理，因此考生除了能根據(jù)題目要求進(jìn)行語篇閱讀，完成規(guī)定的任務(wù)還應(yīng)具備運(yùn)用略讀，跳讀等閱讀策略找出所需細(xì)節(jié)的能力，更要培養(yǎng)定位信息，分析信息，轉(zhuǎn)換信息等邏輯思維推斷能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題策略010203信息定位Locatinginformation同義替代Synonymoussubstitution同義轉(zhuǎn)換Synonymoustransformation細(xì)節(jié)理解題：定位法(LocatingInformation)

1.題干含有cost,percentage,proportion,period,age等，對(duì)應(yīng)的段落通常含有具體數(shù)字，這些數(shù)字可能是錢數(shù)、百分比、比例、年齡、年份等。2.題干中含有result，reason，consequence，explanation，account等詞，對(duì)應(yīng)的段落通常含有因果關(guān)系的描述。3.題干中含有examples，suchas，alistof，details對(duì)應(yīng)的段落通常含有具體的細(xì)節(jié)或舉例的內(nèi)容。4.題干中含有overview，summary，conclusion對(duì)應(yīng)的段落通常含有總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容。

解答細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵在于定位要精準(zhǔn)，一旦找準(zhǔn)位置，問題基本迎刃而解。常用的定位技巧包括：利用出題順序定位、利用邏輯信號(hào)詞及題干實(shí)詞定位，利用長(zhǎng)句、難句及特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)定位等。而段首、段末、轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比處、引證、引語等均為常考處，瀏覽文章時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。細(xì)節(jié)理解題：信息定位Example:1.

Withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans,scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofblindness.Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotherones.atatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime…Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretofgeneticblindness？A.Comparehuman’sgeneswithmice’sB.Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans

C.Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.D.Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.定位關(guān)鍵詞：geneticblindness,文中對(duì)應(yīng)geneticcausesofblindness.unlock信息轉(zhuǎn)換:figureout定位后轉(zhuǎn)換：separate→setapart;atatime→eachtime(LocatingInformation)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：信息定位2.Justeightgirls,includingBurgess’threedaughters,attendedthefirstmeeting,buttheyquicklyspreadtheword.Now,Troop6000has25consistentmembers.Thegirlshadseeneachotheraroundinthebuildingbefore,butthemeetingsturnedthemintofriends.WhatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsjoiningTroop6000?

A.TheyorganizeactivitieseveryotherweekB.TheysupporteachotherandspreadpositivityC.TheyarerequiredtohavecertainleadershipqualitiesD.Theyareencouragedtorealizetheirpotential定位關(guān)鍵詞：Troop6000，文中對(duì)應(yīng)

Troop6000has25consistentmembers.信息轉(zhuǎn)換：hadseeneachotheraroundinthebuildingbefore,butthemeetingsturnedthemintofriends.→support,spreadpositivity(LocatingInformation)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：信息定位(LocatingInformation)3.“WhatcanIdotokeepitfromhappeningagain?”Hesmiledtheemptysmilewe’dseenallday.“Absolutelynothing.”Aftertellingseveralfriendsaboutourordeal,properlythemostfrequentadviceI’veheardinresponseistochangemyname.Twentyyearsago,myowngraduateschoolwritingprofessoradvisedmetowriteunderapennamesothatpublisherswouldn’tstickmeinwhathecalled“theethnicghetto”---aseparate,secondaryshelfinthebookstore.Butanameisanintegralpartofanyone’spersonalandprofessionalidentity---justlikethetownyou’reborninandtheplacewhereyou’reraised.Likemyfather,I’llkeep…IhadnoideathatbeinganAmericanwouldeverbethishard.1:Herexperiencesindicatethattherestillexists___intheUS.A.hatred B.discrimination C.tolerance D.diversity2:Theauthorsounds_____inthelastparagraph.A.impatient B.bitter C.worried D.ironic利用2題干中thelastparagraph可以直接定位到上文最后一段。而1沒有可以幫助定位的詞語，這時(shí)我們可以利用出題的順序來定位---在1和2之間的原文信息源之間尋找1的答案所在，縮小查找范圍，提高答題效率。快速瀏覽第3段，答案出現(xiàn)在該段第2句。細(xì)節(jié)理解題：同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換

句子簡(jiǎn)化：將原文中的難句簡(jiǎn)化成一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子。

替換關(guān)鍵詞：把原文中最關(guān)鍵的詞用同義詞或同義短語替換，如原文用important一詞，答案就可能用significance，matter,beworthdoing三者雖然詞性和結(jié)構(gòu)，但核心意義是相同的。1.通讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞，定位段落，并對(duì)其在文章中的表現(xiàn)形式作出預(yù)測(cè)2.篩查答案，尋找與題干信息構(gòu)成同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容。e.g:scientificbreakthrough→scientificmasterpiece;

existingknowledge→usualpattern;commontobothAandB→sharethesameversionNaturalresourcesinJapanare

limited→Japanhas

minimalnaturalresourcesintheworld(paraphrasing)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas-andstillis-inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasatoppriority,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.Thewriterseemstosuggestthatdescriptionof___isclosertotruth.

A.middle-classwaysofspendingmoneyB.working-classwaysofspendingtheweekendC.working-classdrinkinghabitsD.middle-classattitudes本題可以利用題干中的closertotruth為工具定位信息源到上文首句，A是對(duì)該句中的whatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoney的同義改寫，很明顯，該選項(xiàng)是本題答案。(paraphrasing)Example細(xì)節(jié)理解題：同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換……Thestormandtheterriblefloodingthatfollowed—anaturaldisasterworsenedbyarangeofman－madedisasters—revealedmuchthathadbeenfragile,orrotten,inHearn‘stimeandgrewworsewitheverydecade:shabbycivilengineering;corrupt,andinefficientgovernmentinstitutions;anditturnedoutthatanAdministrationinWashingtonwitnessedfordaysacitydrowning—alargelyblackcitydrowning—andreactedwithannoyingindifference……(南京鹽城試卷：PassageC)59.WhatcanweknowfromthehurricaneKatrinaanditsdamagingconsequences?A.Arangeofman－madedisastersledtothefiercehurricane.B.Thehurricanehappenedfollowingaterribleflooding.C.TheAmericangovernmentfailedtoprovidehelpandsupport.D.TheresidentsofNewOrleanshaveadeephatredforgovernors.(paraphrasing)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：同義替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換AlecSoth,aphotographerwholivesinMinneapolisandtravelstheMidwestandtheSouthwiththeenergyofalatter－dayWalkerEvans,didnotjointheartistswhocametoNewOrleansadecadeagotocapturewhathecallsthe“eyecandyofrotandruin.”Instead,hewaited,preferringtocapturethecityofwatertenyearslater,acityinastateofbothpersistentsufferingandpersistentrenewal.Sothshowsustheupsettingimageofafreestandingcolumn—allthatisleftofahouseinthehard－h(huán)itLowerNinthWard—buthemovestowardavisionofpromise,alonelyfigureathisleisure,staringintothewatersoftoday'sNewOrleans.(南京鹽城試卷：PassageC)

60.WhydidAlecSothrefusetojoinotherartiststotakephotosofNewOrleansadecadeago?A.HealsotreatedNewOrleansasacrimezone.B.HehadhighexpectationsofthefutureofNewOrleans.C.Hecouldn'tputupwiththesufferingthehurricanecaused.D.HewastravelingtheMidwestandtheSouthwithWalkerEvans.(paraphrasing)ThankYou!AssignmentChoosethebestanswer:1.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,FriedtoldtheLiveSciencewebsite,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthe“firstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean”Whatmakesthesearchforthemeteoritepiecesfromtheoceananintentionalone?A.Thepossiblepresenceoflargerrockparticles.B.TherequestfromNASAandtheU.S.governmentC.Theaccidentaldiscoveryoftwosmallmeteoritepieces.D.Theteam’sexpectationofanextraordinaryachievement

2.Thereareover932miles(1,500km)ofvoiesvertes(cycletrailsorgreenways)intheLoire.Theflatlandscapeisidealforfamiliesandmostrentalshopsoffertag-alongandtrailersforsmallchildren.Alongthewayyoucanexploregardens,chateauxandprettyvillagesandtowns.Rentbikesforadayandcycleindependentlyorbookahotel-to-hotelpackagewithluggagetransfer—it'suptoyou.Ifyouwanttoexplorethetownbybike,whichofthefollowingisideal?A.WilliamtheConqueror'sNormandy B.DordogneC.VoiesvertesoftheLoire D.AquitaineAssignment3.TherearemanywaysinwhichspeciesthatarenotnativetotheUKarriveonourshores.Theycanbecarriedinballastwatertanksoronshiphullsfromoneinternationalharbortoanother,somethingespeciallycommoninplaceslikeSouthampton.TheycanalsohitchaliftonlivefishstocksandoystersimportedforBritishfishfarms.OnewayofforeignspeciesinvadeUKisthatthey______.A.commonlyarriveatSouthamptonbyseaB.arecarriedtotheUKbyimportedfishstocksC.swimtotheUKfromotherinternationalharborsD.changetheseafloorfromamuddytoasandymaterial4.Ialwaystellpeoplethatthemostimportantthingyoucandoistospendalittlebitoftimelearningaboutandactingontheconsequencesofthesmallchoicesthatwemakeeachday,like：Whatdowebuy?Forexample,clothing：Wheredoesitcomefrom,howwasitmade,diditinvolvechildslavelabor?Food：Wherewasitgrown,howwasitgrown,didithavealotofpesticides,canyoubuyorganicfood?Whatisthemostimportantthingthatpeoplecandofortheenvironmentalprotection?A.Showtheirconcernfortheclimatechange.B.Submitthemselvestothepovertyanddisease.C.Learntofacetheenvironmentalproblemsbravely.D.Trytomakewisedecisionsondailyconsumption.Assignment

5.……Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature”.Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwe’realmostcompletelygove