--PAGE1-2018年6月大學英語六級考試真題（第1套）PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenemployersandemployers.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itisatypicalsalad. C)Itisaweirdvegetable.ItisaSpanishsoup. D)Itisakindofspicyfood.A)Tomakeitthicker. C)addtoitsappeal.makeitmorenutritious. D)replaceaningredient.A)Itcontainsverylittlefat. C)Itusesnoartificialadditives.Itusesoliveoilincooking. D)Itismainlymadeofvegetables.4.A)Itdoesnotgostalefortwoyears. C)Itcomesfromaspecialkindofpig.B)Ittakesnospecialskilltoprepare. D)Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety. C)Theydonotvarymuchinprice.B)Theydonotmakedecentgifts. D)TheygowellwithItalianfood.6.A)$30-$40. C)$50-$60.B)$40-$50. D)Around$150.A)Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople. C)Theysymbolizegoodhealthandlongevity.B)TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians. D)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.A)ItiswineimportedfromCalifornia. C)Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.B)Itislessspicythanallotherredwines. D)ItisItaly’smostfamoustypeofredwine.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinehrouhecnre.【語聽穎想】Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Learningothers’secrets. C)Decodingsecretmessages.Searchingforinformation. D)Spreadingsensationalnews.10.A)TheyhelpedtheU.S.armyinⅡ.Theycouldwritedownspokencodespromptly.Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.A)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificB)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.NavajoIndians’contributiontocodebreaking.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Allserviceswillbepersonalized.B)Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.C)Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.D)Moreinformationwillbeavailable.A)Intheroboticsindustry. C)Inthepersonalcaresector.B)Intheinformationservice. D)Inhigh-endmanufacturing.A)Theychargehighprices. C)Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.B)Theyneedlotsoftraining. D)Theyfocusoncustomers’specificneeds.A)Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople’slives.Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt. C)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.B)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago. D)Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone. C)Anancientgeographicalmap.B)Tracesleftbyearlyexplorers. D)Somestonetoolsegments.A)transportstonestovideservicesforthestonepit.linkthevariousmonumentsites.connectthevillagesalongtheNile.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Gongdidn’tgivehimanyconventionaltests.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.Gongdidn’taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.GongwasveryfamousinNewChinatown.Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain.Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.endrepatsforthetreatment.Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.Itdoesn’tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.Neitherofthemwontheirparents’favor.Theyweren’tspoiledintheirchildhood.Theydidn’tliketobetheappleoftheirparents’eyes.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends. C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative.B)Theytendtobewelladjusted. D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.arerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidssaythey’vediscoveredthatGreatPyramidofGizaisnotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.Thispyramidistheoldestoftheworld’sSevenWonders.Thepyramid’sexactsizehas26expertsforcenturies,asthe“morethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstones“thatoriginallycovereditwere27longago.Reportinginthemostrecentissueofthenewsletter“AERAGRAM,”which28theworkortheAncientEgyptResearchAssociates,engineerGlenDashsayshisteamusedanewmeasuringapproachthatinvolvedfindinganysurviving29,ofthecasinginordertodeterminewheretheoriginaledgewas.Theyfoundtheeastsideofthepyramidtobea30of5.5inchesshorterthanthewestside.Thequestionthatmost31him,however,isn’thowtheEgyptianswhodesignedandbuiltthepyramidgotitwrong4,500yearsage,buthowtheygotitsocloseto32.canonlyspeculateastohowtheEgyptianscouldhavelaidouttheselineswithsuch33usingonlythetoolstheyhad,”Dashwrites.Hesayshis34isthattheEgyptianslaidouttheirdesignonagrid,notingthatthegreatpyramidisorientedonly35awayfromthecardinaldirections(itsnorth-southaxisruns3minutes54secondswestofduenorth,whileitseast-westaxisruns3minutes51secondsnorthofdueeast)—anamount“tiny,butsimilar,”archeologistAtlasObscurapointsout.chronicles I）perfectcomplete J)precisionestablished K)puzzledfascinates L）remnantshypothesis M）removedmaximum N)revelationsmomentum O）slightlyiouslySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PeerPressureHasaPositiveSideParentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren‘sfriendswithsomethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthepowertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinessiswellfounded:statisticsforexample,thatateenagedriverwithasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneorwithanadult.Ina2005psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofUniversityandhisco-author,psychologistMargoGardner,thenatdivided306peopleintothreeagegroups:youngadolescents,withameanageof14;olderadolescents,withameanageof19;andadults,aged24andolder.Subjectsplayedacomputerizeddrivinggameinwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthatmaterializes,withoutwarning,ontheroadway.SteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassignedsomeparticipantstoplayaloneorwithtwosame-agepeerslookingon.Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeerswereintheroom—andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.Incontrast,adultsbehavedinsimilarwaysregardlessofwhethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers.“Thepresenceofpeersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelytotakerisks,”SteinbergandGheyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisSteinbergbegantobelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.Asheandotherresearchersexaminedthequestionofwhyteensweremoreapttotakerisksinthecompanyofotherteenagers,theycametosuspectthatacrowd‘sinfluenceneednotalwaysbenegative.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteenbrain’skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriendsandleverageittoimproveeducation.Ina2011SteinbergandhiscolleaguesturnedtofunctionalMRI（磁共振）toinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivityintheadolescentbrain.Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivinggamedesignedtotestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthecrossroad.Thebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityintworegionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeersthanwhenalone.Inotherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarewithpeers,whichmotivatesthemtopursuehigher-riskexperiencesthatmightbringabigpayoff（suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred）.ButSteinbergsuspectedthistendencycouldalsohaveitsadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlineinAugust,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardgamecalledtheIowaGamblingtoinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.Theresults:whoplayedtheIowaGamblingundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedinmoreexploratorybehavior,learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachievedbetterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedinsolitude.“Whatourstudysuggestsisthatteenagerslearnmorequicklyandmoreeffectivelywhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey‘reontheirown,”Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents.MatthewD.Lieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreWiredtoConnect，suspectsthatthehumanbrainisespeciallyadeptatlearningsociallysalientinformation.Hepointstoaclassic2004studyinwhichpsychologistsatDartmouthCollegeandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRItotrackbrainactivityin17youngmenastheylistenedtodescriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues（forexample,tryingtoformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription）ormoresociallyneutralinformation（suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsinthedescriptionswerethesameineachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionsintermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedwithfactualsuchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingaboutorremeberndscposnersofhersocaleanngacvaedhedorsoedalprefronalcorexpartofhebranssocialnetwork—evenastraditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowlevelsofactivity.Morerecently,ashereportedina2012review,Liebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinctnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemory.Suchfindings,hesays,suggestthat“thisnetworkcanbecalledontoprocessandstorethekindofinformationtaughtinschool—potentiallygivingstudentsaccesstoarangeofuntappedmentalpowers.”Ifhumansaregenerallygearedtorecalldetailsaboutoneanother,thispatternisprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareveryattentivetosocialdetails:whoisin,whoisout,wholikeswhom,whoismadatwhom.Theirpenchantforsocialdramaisnot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolworkorofdrivingadultsItisactuallyaneurological（神經(jīng)的）sensitivityinitiatedbyhormonalchangesEvolutionarilyspeakingpeopleinthisagegroupareatastageinwhichtheycanpreparetofindamateandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.dothissuccessfully,theirbrainpromptsthemtothinkandevenobsessaboutothers.ourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsasindividualentities.Whatwouldhappenifeducatorsinsteadtookadvantageofthefactthatteensarepowerfullycompelledtothinkinsocialterms?InSocial,Liebermanlaysoutanumberofwaystodoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelensofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeopleinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleonintermsofhisdesiretoimpressorChurchillintermsofhislonelymelancholy.Lessinherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthroughteamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenweabsorbinformationinordertoteachittosomeoneelse,welearnitmoreaccuratelyandperhapsinpartbecauseweareengagingoursocialcognition.Andalthoughanxiousparentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnesstoacademicends.“Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogressandcreativity,”wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistatUniversityCollegeLondon,inareviewpublishedlastshenoted,manyyoungpeopleareespeciallyriskaverseatschool—afraidthatonelowtestscoreormediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity.shouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongasithappensintheclassroomandnottheItisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpicking-upsociallyimportantinformation.Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.Theurgeoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents’greaterattentiontosocialinteractions.AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’leaning.Teenagers’parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.Activatingthebrain’ssocialnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.Thepresenceofpeerintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteens’brains.Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowithgreatersecretaryanddepth.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheEbroDelta,inSpain,famousasabattlegroundduringtheSpanishCivilWar,isnowthesettingforadifferentcontest,onethatispittingricefarmersagainsttwoenemies:therice-eatinggiantapplesnail,andrisingsealevels.WhathappensherewillhaveabearingonthefutureofEuropeanriceproductionandtheoverallhealthofsouthernEuropeanwetlands.LocatedontheMediterraneanjusttwohourssouthofBarcelona,theEbroDeltaproduces120millionkilogramsofrceaea,antneofhconnesmostmporantrcerowngareas.Asheseacreepsnohesefreshwaermarshes,however,risingsalinity（鹽分）ishamperingriceproductionAtthesametime,thissea-wateralsokillsoffthegreedygiantapplesnail,anintroducedpestthatfeedsonyoungriceplants.Themostpromisingstrategyhasbecometoharnessonefoeagainsttheother.Thebattleiscurrentlybeingwagedonland,ingreenhousesattheUniversityofBarcelona.Scientistsworkingunderthebanner“ProjectNeurice”areseekingvarietiesofricethatcanwithstandtheincreasingsalinitywithoutlosingtheabsorbencythatmakesEuropeanriceidealfortraditionalSpanishandItaliandishes.“Theprojecthastwosides,”saysXavierSerrat,NeuriceprojectmanagerandresearcherattheUniversityofBarcelona.“Theshort-termfightagainstthesnail,andamid-tolong-termfightagainstclimatechange.Butthesnailhasgiventheprojectgreaterurgency.”O(jiān)riginallyfromSouthAmerica,thesnailswereaccidentallyintroducedintotheEbroDeltabyGlobalAquaticTechnologies,acompanythatraisedthesnailsforfresh-wateraquariums（水族館）,butfailedtopreventtheirescape.Fornow,thegiantapplesnail’sfootholdinEuropeislimitedtotheEbroDelta.Butthesnailcontinuesitsmarchtonewterritory,saysSerrat.“Thequestionisnotifitwillreachotherrice-growingareasofEurope,butwhen.”O(jiān)verthenextyearandahalfinvestigatorswilltestthevariousstrainsofsaline-tolerantricethey’veconcocted.In2018,farmerswillplantthevarietieswiththemostpromiseintheEbroDeltaandEurope’sothertwomainrice-growingregions—alongthePoinItaly,andFrance’sRh?ne.Aseasoninthefieldwillhelpdeterminewhich,ifany,ofthevarietiesarereadyforcommercialization.AsanEU-fundedeffort,thesearchforsalt-tolerantvarietiesofriceistakingplaceinallthreecountries.EachteamiscrossbreedingalocalEuropeanshort-grainricewithalong-grainAsianvarietythatcarriesthesalt-resistantgene.Thescientistsarebreedingsuccessivegenerationstoarriveatvarietiesthatincorporatesalttolerancebutretainabout97percentoftheEuropeanricegenome（基因組）.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSpanishCivilatthebeginningofthepassage?A）IthadgreatimpactonthelifeofSpanishricefarmers.B）ItisofgreatsignificanceintherecordsofSpanishhistory.C）RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaarewagingabattleofsimilarimportance.D）RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaareexperiencingashardatimeasinthewar.Whatmaybethemosteffectivestrategyforricefarmerstoemployinfightingtheirenemies?A）Strikingtheweakerenemyfirst. B）Eliminatingtheenemyonebyone。C）Killingtwobirdwithonestone. D）Usingoneeviltocombattheother.Whatdowelearnabout“ProjectNeurice”?A）Itsgoalswillhavetoberealizedatacost.B）ItaimstoincreasetheyieldofSpanishrice.C）Itsimmediatepriorityistobringthepestundercontrol.D）Ittriestokillthesnailswiththehelpofclimatechange.WhatdoesNeuriceprojectmanagersayaboutthegiantapplesnail?A）ItcansurviveonlyonsouthernEuropeanwetlands.Itwillinvadeotherrice-growingregionsofEurope.Itmultipliesataspeedbeyondhumanimagination.D）Itwasintroducedintothericefieldsonpurpose.WhatistheultimategoaloftheEU-fundedprogram?Cultivatingidealsalt-resistantricevarieties. B)IncreasingtheabsorbencyoftheSpanishrice.C)IntroducingSpanishricetotherestofEurope. D)Popularizingthericecrossbreedingtechnology.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassagePhotographywasonceanexpensive,laboriousordealreservedforlife’sgreatestmilestones.Now,theonlyapparentcosttotakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasamealisthespaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion’spatience.uteraoecs,aeeprcos,odoceningafeeperencenseadofsmpyenong?Youhearhatyoushouldn’ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit’sbadforyou,andwe’renotlivinginthepresentmoment,”saysKristinDiehl,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.Diehlandherfellowresearcherswantedtofindoutifthatwastrue,sotheyembarkedonaseriesofnineexperimentsinthelabandinthefieldtestingpeople’senjoymentinthepresenceorabsenceofacamera.Theresults,publishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,surprisedthem.Takingphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey’redoingmore,notless.“Whatwefindisyouactuallylookattheworldslightlydifferently,becauseyou’relookingforthingsyouwanttocapture,thatyoumaywanttohangonto,”Diehlexplains.“Thatgetspeoplemoreengagedintheexperience,andtheytendtoenjoyitmore.”Takesightseeing.Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusforatourofPhiladelphia.Bothbustoursforbadetheuseofcellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeopletotakephotos.Thepeoplewhotookphotosenjoyedtheexperiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged,thanthosewhodidn’t.Snappingaphotodirectsattention,whichheightenstheple