2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語(yǔ)第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf. A.must B.should C.can D.need22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards______we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem. A.but B.or C.for D.so23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival. A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever24.—______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit. A.DidyoucallB.Haveyoucalled C.Willyoucall D.Wereyoucalling25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes. A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading. A.why B.where C.how D.when27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime. A.save B.saving C.tosave D.saved28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout. A.because B.though C.until D.since29.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet. A.haven’tinvented B.haven’tbeeninvented C.hadn’tinvented D.hadn’tbeeninvented30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________frombutterfliestoelephants. A.ranging B.range C.torange D.ranged31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions. A.that B.as C.where D.when32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______withhisstudents. A.tospend B.spend C.spending D.spent33.People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhave B.have C.had D.hadhad34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened. A.hadbeenput B.wereput C.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry. A.at B.in C.on D.by第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解決)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley（購(gòu)物車）whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn’t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto__45__“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessLeadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone’ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDayadaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada’s48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah’sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah’sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumping B.eating C.crying D.waving37.A.annoyed B.nervous C.ashamed D.upset38.A.behave B.manage C.help D.work39.A.pushing B.carrying C.buying D.holding40.A.goods B.bottles C.foods D.bagsSUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine? A.Itentertainsyoungparents. B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements. C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions. D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders? A.Onlinecourses. B.Articlesonnewtopics. C.Lecturesonabalancedlife. D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina? A.￡55. B.￡60. C.￡65. D.￡70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget. A.freebirthdaypresents B.fullrefundwithin28days C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub D.chancestomeettheexpertsinpersonCMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(決定不參加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________. A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend B.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons D.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________. A.exemptionsareallowed B.severalvaccinesareusedtogether C.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin D.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles? A.Theoveruseofvaccine. B.Thelackofmedicalcare. C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself. D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption. B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles. C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination. D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.DHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪惡)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrol B.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobots D.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.第四部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）你的英國(guó)朋友Jim所在的學(xué)校要組織學(xué)生來(lái)中國(guó)旅行，有兩條線路可以選擇：“長(zhǎng)江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim來(lái)信希望你能給些建議。請(qǐng)你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.你建議的線路；2.你的理由；3.你的祝愿。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫(xiě)一篇英文周記，記錄畢業(yè)前夕你們制作以“感恩母?！睘橹黝}的畢業(yè)紀(jì)念視頻的全過(guò)程。注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。提示詞：視頻video2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（北京卷）參考答案第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）6-10BBACA11-15CBACA第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）每小題1.5分。如果出現(xiàn)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤不計(jì)分；出現(xiàn)大小寫(xiě)、單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分；如每小題超過(guò)一個(gè)詞不計(jì)分。16.dictionary1