2023年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及其答案PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)

PartIIReadingcomprehension(35minutes)

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker.Frito-Lay.Thinksotherwise.”P(pán)otatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica.ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow.thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.”Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative(創(chuàng)新旳)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(標(biāo)識(shí)).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat_____.

A)Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

B)Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales.

C)Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips

D)Peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips

22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

A)Itsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.

23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat_____.

A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

B)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

C)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

D)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

B)Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization.

C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.

D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

25.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket_____.

A)won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

B)willleadtoeconomicimperialism

C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

D)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

PassageTwo

Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”

Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有綜合能力旳).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisproblem.

The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.

Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工資單)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.

Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools.

AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection.,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.

InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.

Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.

“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”

AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(論壇)?！癛umorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”

26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?

A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.

B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.

C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.

D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.

27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?

A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.

B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.

C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.

D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.

28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis_________.

A)unavoidable

B)unthinkable

C)insolvable

D)irreversible

29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?

A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.

B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.

C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.

D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongissue.

30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto__________.

A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds

B)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations

C)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties

D)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”SaidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..

Ina2023studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheystressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmune(免疫旳)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagory(血淋淋旳)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.

Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.

“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity,”It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”

31.Thepassageismainlyabout______

A)thebenefitsofmanageablestress

B)stayawayfrom

C)runoutof

D)putupwith

32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.

A)cutdownon

B)stayawayfrom

C)runoutof

D)putupwith

33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2023that_______

A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory

B)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress

C)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth

D)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms

34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause______.

A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatall

B)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrol

C)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalprocedures

D)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo

35.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat______.

A)aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbody

B)stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrain

C)shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunction

D)aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress.

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but…”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:”Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness,Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

36.Ifamotheradds”but”toanapology,________.

A)shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized.

B)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

37.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans”_______”

A)Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B)I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C)Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D)I’matfaultformakingyouupset

38.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause______.

A)itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B)itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C)itisvagueandineffective

D)itishurtfulandinsulting

39.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry______.

A)thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B)theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C)parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D)parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis_________.

A)asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention

B)notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C)asignofsocialprogress

D)notassimpleasitseems

PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)

41.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.

A)terminalB)benefitC)fateD)estimate

42.Tospeedupthe______ofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.

A)treatmentB)deliveryC)transmissionD)departure

43.Theseoverseasstudentsshowgreat______forlearninganewlanguage.

A)enthusiasmB)authorityC)conventionD)faith

44.Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe______ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.

A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewers

45.Politicallythesenationstendtobe______,withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

A)unstableB)reluctantC)rationalD)unsteady

46.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary________toomuchworklastweek.

A)taketoB)takeoutC)takeawayD)takeon

47."Youtrytogetsomesleep.I’ll_____thepatient’sbreakfast,"saidthenurse.

A)seetoB)sticktoC)gettoD)leadto

48.TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace._______,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

A)ThereforeB)FurthermoreC)AccordinglyD)Nevertheless

49.Thebankrefusedto______himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.

A)creditB)borrowC)loanD)lease

50.Themoreanation’scompanies_______factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry’srecordedexportswillbe.

A)lieB)spotC)standD)locate

51.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasan______forbreakingthelaw.

A)excuseB)intentionC)optionD)approval

52.Withintwodays,thearmyfiredmorethantwohundredrocketsandmissilesatmilitary_____inthecoastalcity.

A)goalsB)aimsC)targetsD)destinations

53.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.

A)storageB)reserveC)resourceD)source

54."Thislightistoo______formetoreadby.Don;twehaveabrighterbulbsomewhere":saidtheelderlyman.

A)mildB)dimC)minuteD)slight

55.WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe_______andgoanotherday.

A)reliableB)probableC)feasibleD)flexible

56.Wearequitesurethatwecan______ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.

A)getacrossB)getoverC)getawayD)getoff

57.______recentdevelopmentswedonotthinkyourschemeispractical.

A)getacrossB)getoverC)getawayD)getoff

58.jessicawas______fromthewarehousetotheaccountingoffice,whichwasconsideredapromotion.

A)deliveredB)exchangedC)transferredD)transformed

59.Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto______anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.

A)injectB)installC)invadeD)insert

60.There’sthelivingroomstilltobe_____,sothat’smynextproject.

A)abandonedB)decoratedC)dissolvedD)assessed

61.Theoldpapermillhasbeen______tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.

A)abandonedB)decoratedC)dissolvedD)helddown

62.Itmaybenecessarytostop______inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.

A)atadistanceB)atintervalsC)atcaseD)atlength

63.Yorcanhireabicycleinmanyplaces.Usuallyyou’llhavetopaya_________.

A)fareB)atintervalsC)ateaseD)atlength

64.Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena_______interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

A)splendidB)weightyC)vagueD)keen

65.________quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

A)nothingbutB)anythingbutC)nottospeakofD)nothingtospeakof

66.Johncannotaffordtogotouniversity,_______goingabroad.

A)ExcessiveB)ExtensiveC)ExtremeD)exclusive

67.Mostlaboratoryandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior______takingasituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivenplace.

A)involveB)composeC)encloseD)attach

68.Ifyoudon’tliketoswim,you_____aswellstayathome.

A)shouldB)mayC)canD)would

69.Dr.Smithwasalways______thepoorandthesick,oftenprovidingthemwithfreemedicalcare.

A)remindedofB)absorbedinC)tendedbyD)concernedabout

70.ThomasJeffersonandJohnAdamsdiedonJuly4,1826,thefiftieth_______ofAmericanIndependence.

A)ceremonyB)occasionC)occurrenceD)anniversary

Part4Cloze

Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.I’vebeen71onlyonce–forawomanwhohad

merelyfainted.Butthe72mademequitecuriousabouthow73thiskindofthinghappensIwonderedwhatIwoulddoif74witharealmidairmedicalemergency-withoutaccess75ahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So76theNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweek77astudyaboutin–flightmedicalevents.Ireadit78interest.

Thestudyestimatedthattherearea(n)79of30in-flightmedicalemergenciesonU.S.flightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot80;faintinganddizzinessarethemostfrequentcomplaints.8113%ofthem–roughlyfouraday–areseriousenoughto82apilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousem