2021-2022學(xué)年陜西省咸陽市統(tǒng)招專升本英語摸底卷(含答案)

一、單選題(20題)1.MaryandI（）thenewcollegelifesoon,butTomdidn’t

A.seetoB.usedtoC.adaptedtoD.stuckto

2.Allthetasksaheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek（）

A.hadbeenfulfilled

B.werefulfilled

C.havingbeenfulfilled

D.beenfulfilled

3.—Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?

—Notyet.I’mafraidIneed（）coupleofdaystofinishit

A.severalB.anotherC.someotherD.other

4.Theytalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons（）theyrememberedintheschool

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

5.thelibraryforhourswithoutfindinganythinguseful,Iturnedtomyprofessorforhelp（）

A.TosearchB.HavingsearchedC.HavesearchedD.Searching

6.I’lltakethisopportunitytoroamaboutthestreets,togetintouchwiththelocalpeople,______（）

A.sotospeakB.soastoC.asamatteroffactD.asaresult

7.Theofbloodalwaysmakeshimfeelsick（）

A.sightB.lookC.viewD.glance

8.Thenumberofmembersintheclub______totwohundred（）

A.werelimitedB.waslimitedC.limitsD.limited

9.Stayinginahotelonedaycostsrentingaroominanapartmentforaweek（）

A.twicemanythan

B.twiceasmuchas

C.twicethesameas

D.twiceasmanyas

10.Abrother______notbeafriend,butafriendwillalwaystreatyoulikeabrother（）

A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.would

11.Withoutyourkindnessandhelp,Isomuch（）

A.don'tachieve

B.didn'tachieve

C.willnotachieve

D.wouldnothaveachieved

12.Ithinkyou'dbetterholdyoupositionanddon'ttotheirdemands（）

A.giveoffB.giveupC.giveawayD.givein

13.Today,peopleliveinaworld_______newtechnologyistakinganincreasingproportionintheirlives（）

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which

14._____ofthemknewanythingabouttheplanbecauseitwasaclosely-guardedsecret（）

A.SomeB.NoneC.NooneD.Any

15.（）hewillcomeisdoubtful

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What

16.Someplantsareverysensitive_____thechangesoftheenvironment（）

A.fromB.againstC.toD.with

17.Whattimewoulditbeconvenient_____ustomeetagain（）

A.ofB.forC.byD.with

18.Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames

A.assistsB.acknowledgesC.advocatesD.admits

19.Don’t_____thenewstothepublicuntilyouareaskedto（）

A.releaseB.showC.announceD.expose

20.AllIcandonowisnothing（）

A.butwaitingB.butwaitC.exceptwaitingD.onlytowait

二、選詞填空題(10題)21.3.____

22.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

23.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

三、情景對話(10題)24.72.____（）

25.5（）

A.Ienjoyapproachingproblemsdirectly

B.Nicetomeetyou

C.Whatareyourstrengths?

D.Tellmeaboutyourworkexperience

E.IthinkI’mverylevelheaded

26.67.____（）

27.Task1（每小題2分，共10分）

M:Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayafternoon?

W:66Itwasreallyinteresting.

M:67

W:Bytheriver.Alotofchildrenwereflyingkitesthere.

M:Itwaswindyyesterday,wasn'tit?

W:68

M:Whomdidyouflykiteswith?

W:69

M:Didyouenjoyyourselves?

W:Yes.70Afterthatwealsohadapicnictogether.

A.Wehadagoodtime.

B.Yes,thewindwasstrong.

C.Iwasflyingakiteyesterdayafternoon.

D.Wheredidyouflythekite?

E.WithLiLeiandTom

66.____（）

28.Kay:Hello.Sue!

Sue:Hi.Kay!

Kay:71

Sue:No.Noonehastoldmeaboutthematch.72

Kay:Althoughtheopposingteamwasstrong,ourschoolwonatlast.

Sue:73Theyarereallygoodbasketballplayers.

Kay:Yes.Theycanplaybasketballbetterthanothersbecausetheypracticemuchmore.Ialwaysseethempracticingontheplaygroundinthegymandsometimesrunningaroundtheschooltrack.

Sue:74

Kay:Yes.AndeitherJohnorTimwillbechosenastheBestSchoolAthleteoftheYear.

Sue:Wow!75

Kay:Ithinkso.

A.Whowon?

B.Howhardtheypractice!

C.Theyarecool,aren'tthey?

D.Didyougotoseethebasketballgameyesterday?

E.IknowthatbothJohnandTimareontheteam

71.____（）

29.3（）

A.Wheredidyoubuyit?

B.Youlooksoattractive

C.Arethereanyothercolors?

D.Isee,thankyou

E.Sinceherbirthdayiscoming

30.70.____（）

31.4（）

A.I’mveryinterestedinthejobyouoffered

B.ImajoredinEnglish

C.Wewillinformyouinaboutaweek

D.Nicetomeetyou

E.Yes,that’sright

32.75.____（）

33.69.____（）

四、翻譯(10題)34.Thesuitisquitesatisfactoryexceptforthecolor

35.你應(yīng)該根據(jù)天氣對你的安排做出調(diào)整

36.Fortunately,ateamoffiveleadingpsychologistshavedonethejobforus

37.ThefactisthathearrivedinShanghaiyesterdayevening

38.（）直到這個星期他們才知道旅館房間的空調(diào)設(shè)備有問題。

A.Theyweren’tawareoftheproblemswiththeair-conditioningunitsintheroomsuntilthisweek.

B.Notuntilthisweekweretheyawareoftheproblemswiththeair-conditioningunitsinthehotelrooms.

C.Notuntilthisweektheywereawareoftheproblemswiththeair-conditioningunitsinthehotelrooms.

D.Notuntilthisweekweretheynotawareoftheproblemswiththeair-conditioningunitsinthehotelrooms

39.Whenweinterruptwhatsomeoneissayingtoletthemknowthatweunderstand,wemovethefocusofattentiontoourselves

40.Gettingthishelpmayhavelesstodowithyourformalpositionandauthorityandmoretodowithyourstrategyandapproach,whichcanrangefromasimplefavortoconvincingotherstoacceptapriorityofyoursasifitweretheirown

41.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂?月完工

42.（）本培訓(xùn)課程為各公司提供取得成功的必要知識和技能。

A.Thistrainingprogramprovidescompanieswiththeknowledgeandskillswhichareneededfortheirsuccess.

B.Companiesneedsthistrainingprogramwiththeknowledgeandskillswhichareneededfortheirsuccess.

C.Thistrainingprogramsuccessfullyprovidescompanieswiththeknowledgeandskills.

D.Thistrainingprogramsucceedbecausecompanieswiththeknowledgeareneeded

43.Sheisveryfriendlyandneversaysabadwordaboutanyone

五、閱讀理解(10題)44.Task2

Directions:ThistaskisthesameasTask1.The5questionsorunfinishedstatementsarenumbered41to45.

Newspapers,alongwithreportingthenews,educate,entertain,andgiveopinions.Animportantwayofreadingalarge,big-citynewspaperisknowinghowtotakeitapart.Canyoufindtheseseparatesections:worldnews,nationalandlocalnews,sports,business,entertainment,opinions,classifiedadvertisements?Doesyourpaperhaveothersections?

Newsstoriesgivefacts,nottheauthor'sopinions.Editorials（社論）dotheopposite;youcanexpectaneditorialtotakesides.Somenewspapereditorialshaveaby-linewiththeauthor'sname,butmanynewspapershaveunsigned（未署名的）editorials.Thesereflecttheopinionsofthepublisheroreditor.

Youcanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Forexample,youcanexpectheadlinestoomitunnecessarywords.Youcanexpecttofindthemostimportantfactsinthefirstparagraphofanewsstory.Youcanexpectimportantnewsitemstobeonthefrontpage.Youcanexpectlessimportantitemstobeontheinsidepages.

Mostofall,themoreyouknowaboutthecurrentnews,themoreyouwillunderstandwhatisthenewspaper;importantstoriesaregenerallypresentedonedayandfolloweduponfollowingdays.So,animportantwayofreadingnewspapersisreadingonefrequently

Whenreadingalargenewspaper,oneshould（）

A.readitfromcovertocover

B.dosomepaper-cutting

C.findseparatesections

D.predictwhatisinsidethepaper

45.Passage1

Thereisatalethatstraw（稻草）istheworstmaterialfromwhichtobuildahouse,particularlyifyouareapigwithahungrywolfaround.SothecardswerestackedagainstWarrenBrushwhenlocalofficialslearnedthathehadseveralbuildingsmadeofstrawbales（大捆）onthisland.

Theyhavetriedtofinehimalot.Butthecaseisstillunresolved.TheproblemisthatCalifornia’sbuildingcodesmakenoprovisionfortheuseofstraw.AndMr.Brushhasmanydefenders—amongthemseveraluniversityscientistsandDavidEisenberg,thechairmanoftheUnitedStatesGreenBuildingCouncil’scodecommittee.Theywouldliketoseetheprejudiceagainststrawhouseseliminated,forstrawis,inmanyways,anidealbuildingmaterial.

Itis,foronething,agreatinsulator（絕熱體）.Thatkeepsdowntheheatingbillsinhousesmadefromit.Itisalsoawasteproductthatwouldotherwisebeburned,andisthereforecheap.And—verymuchtothepointinaplacelikeCalifornia—itisearthquake-resistant.LastyearatestconductedattheUniversityofNevadashowedthatstrawbaleconstructionscouldwithstandtwicetheamountofgroundmotionrecordedintheNorthridgeearthquakethathitLosAngelesin1994.

Thereareotherstrawsinthewind:apostofficeinsuburbanAlbuquerque,aschoolinMaryland,andanofficecomplexinsuburbanLosAngeleshaveallbeenbuiltfromstraw.EvenCaliforniaishavingarethink,andmaychangeitsrulestoadapttostrawbaleconstruction.AsMr.Eisenbergobserves,ThelessonoftheThreeLittlePigsisn’ttoavoidstraw.It’sthatyoudon’tletapigbuildyourhouse

BythecardswerestackedagainstWarrenBrush,theauthormeans______（）

A.Brushdislikedplayingcards

B.CardswerepiledaroundBrush

C.Brushmightlosethecardgame

D.Brushcouldbeintrouble

46.WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause______（）

A.therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattime

B.thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord

C.thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafire

D.thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite

47.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext（）

A.SuccessIsaChoice

B.TheSecretsofSuccess

C.DevelopOurConfidence

D.HowtoAchieveSuccess

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE（）

A.Youcangethighersalariesifyouareyourownboss

B.Lifecanbehardifyourunyourownbusiness

C.Thereisnoadvantagesofbeingabusinessowner

D.D.Allwhoruntheirownbusinessenjoytheirexperience

49.HowdoesAFPwork（）

A.Itcoversthesmalliceparticlessothattheyremainseparatedfromeachother

B.Itturnsicebackintowaterbybreakingdownicepiecebypiece

C.Itallowsthefishtofindplacesintheoceanthathavewarmertemperatures

D.Itformsaprotectivelayeraroundthefish’sbody,keepingitwarmer

50.50.____（）

51.AccordingtoSidneyCrown,agoodrelationshipshouldbe（）

A.fairandequal

B.fairandkind

C.powerfulandequal

D.confidentandfair

52.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______（）

A.togetavisaisanewrequirementforAmericancitizensvisitingothercountries

B.it’seasierforAmericancitizenstogetavisafromaforeigncountrythanathome

C.requirementsforAmericancitizensgoingabroadarenotalwaysfixed

D.Americancitizensusuallyhavedifficultygettingapassport

53.Whentheeyesache,tearsareproducedto______（）

A.loosenthemuscles

B.remedysnowblindness

C.clearthevision

D.easetheirritation

六、作文題(1題)54.Directions:Thispartistotestyourabilitytodopracticalwriting.Youarerequiredtowriteanessayaccordingtothefollowinginformationgiveninthepicture.Youshouldwriteyourcomposition（nolessthan100words）ontheAnswerSheet.

說明：下圖展現(xiàn)的是人們越來越依賴手機進行交流的現(xiàn)象，請你就這一現(xiàn)象進行評論。

參考答案

1.C瑪麗和我很快就適應(yīng)了大學(xué)生活，可是湯姆卻沒有。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Cseeto：注意，負(fù)責(zé)；usedto：過去常常，慣于；adaptto：適應(yīng)；stickto：堅持，粘住。故選C

2.C所有任務(wù)都提前完成了，因此他們決定去度假一周。

［考點］非謂語動詞

【精析】C

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號前后主語不一致，故前面應(yīng)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。而fulfill與tasks為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且fulfill這一動作發(fā)生在主句中decide之前，故獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)使用完成時的被動式。故選C。若在all前加because，或者在they前加so等表原因、結(jié)果的連詞，則A、B兩項也正確

3.B——你已經(jīng)讀完那本小說了嗎？

——還沒有。我恐怕還需要幾天才能讀完。

［考點］固定用法

【精析】B因為couple是單數(shù)形式，所以選項中只有不定代詞another可以和coupleofdays連用，意為還要幾天

4.B他們聊了很多他們所能記起的學(xué)校里的人和事。

［考點］定語從句

【精析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為定語從句，先行詞是things和persons，并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人和物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that。故選B

5.B在圖書館里搜尋了好幾個小時卻沒有找到任何有用的東西，我便去找教授尋求幫助了。

［考點］非謂語動詞

【精析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號前后兩部分之間沒有連詞，且逗號后是一個完整的句子，因此空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作狀語。根據(jù)句意可知，search和邏輯主語I之間是主謂關(guān)系，且搜尋這一動作發(fā)生在turnedto之前，所以空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即having+過去分詞的形式。故選B

6.A句意：我要趁機逛逛街，或者說和當(dāng)?shù)厝私佑|一下。詞義辨析題。sotospeak：可以這么說；soasto：為了;asamatteroffact：實際上；asaresult：結(jié)果

7.A看見血他總感覺不舒服。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Asight:視力，景象，表示視覺所接受的景象，目標(biāo)物進入了眼簾，常指無意識地看到；look作名詞當(dāng)看講時，常指主動地朝……看；view:風(fēng)景，風(fēng)光，觀點；glance:匆忙一瞥，閃現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)指無意識地看到血，所以只有sight符合題意

8.B這個俱樂部的會員人數(shù)控制在200人以內(nèi)。

［考點］主謂一致和動詞語態(tài)

【精析】Bthenumberof+名詞作主語時，后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故排除選項A。主語Thenumberofmembers與動詞limit之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選B

9.B在酒店住一天的花費是租一星期公寓的兩倍。

［考點］倍數(shù)表達法

【精析】B常用的倍數(shù)表達法有：①A+謂語+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+B；②A+謂語+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+B。選項中B、D兩項符合第一種，但花費是不可數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)用much修飾，而不用many。故選B

10.C兄弟不一定是朋友，但朋友會一直待你如兄弟。

［考點］情態(tài)動詞

【精析】Cmust:必須，想必，表示必要、強制或肯定推測；should:應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)，表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任；may:可能，也許，表示可能性；would:將，將要，表示將來或意愿。根據(jù)句意可知，選C

11.D如果沒有你的善良和幫助，我就不會取得這么多的成就。

［考點］虛擬語氣

【精析】D根據(jù)句意可知，本句含有without引出的含蓄條件句，表示對過去發(fā)生事情的假設(shè)，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用would/could/should/mighthave+過去分詞的形式。故選D

12.D我認(rèn)為你最好堅持自己的立場，不要屈服于他們的要求。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Dgiveoff:發(fā)出，放出;giveup:放棄；giveaway：分發(fā)，泄露，贈送；givein:屈服，讓步，投降，后跟賓語時常與to搭配。根據(jù)句意可知，選D

13.B如今，人們生活在一個新科技在生活中占據(jù)越來越大比重的世界。

［考點］定語從句

【精析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為world，是表示地點的名詞，又因為定語從句中缺少地點狀語，所以空處應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where,在從句中作地點狀語。故選B

14.B沒有一個人知道這個計劃的任何情況，因為這是一個被嚴(yán)格保守的秘密。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Bsome：一些；none：沒有一個，通常和of短語連用，表示三者或三者以上中沒有一個；noone：沒有一個人；any：任何的。根據(jù)句意選B

15.B他是否來還不確定。

［考點］名詞性從句

【精析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為主語從句，空格處應(yīng)填入意為是否的詞，排除C、D兩項。if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能位于句首，所以排除A項。故選B

16.C有些植物對環(huán)境的改變非常敏感。

［考點］詞語搭配

【精析】Cbesensitiveto為固定搭配，意為對（低溫、光、食物等）敏感。故選C

17.B［翻譯］我們什么時候方便再次見面呢？

［考點］詞語搭配

【精析】BItisconvenientforsb.todosth.意為某人方便做某事，應(yīng)用介詞for,故選B

18.C瓊斯先生極其厭惡電視游戲,倡導(dǎo)關(guān)閉所有經(jīng)營這類游戲的娛樂設(shè)施。詞義辨析題。assist:援助;acknowledge:承認(rèn),確認(rèn);advocate:倡導(dǎo),擁護;admit:承認(rèn),接納。根據(jù)句意及詞義辨析,不難看出選C正確

19.A在被要求這么做之前,不要把新聞發(fā)布給公眾。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Arelease:發(fā)布;show:顯示;announce:宣布;expose:暴露。根據(jù)句意可知,選A

20.B我現(xiàn)在所能做的只有等待。

［考點］非謂語動詞

【精析】Bdonothingbut為固定句型,意為只能做。若but前面的動詞部分有do的某種形式,則but后面的to要省略,直接跟動詞原形；若前面沒有do的某種形式，則but后應(yīng)加上to。由句中的do可知，but之后要用省略to的不定式。故選B

21.LK根據(jù)空后的名詞短語15years可知，空處應(yīng)填介詞。符合要求的選項有C、K。句意：15年來，來自倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的專家們一直在調(diào)查超過6,700名英國人的生活方式。故選K。

22.HH分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞friends。符合要求的選項只有H。句意：學(xué)生在上大學(xué)時可以學(xué)習(xí)并交到將持續(xù)一生的朋友。故選H。

23.JA.studied（v.學(xué)習(xí)，研究）B.continuing（v.繼續(xù)，持續(xù)）C.by（prep.通過）D.who（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）E.whose（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）F.improve（v.改進，改善）G.truth（n.事實，真相）H.ignored（v.忽視，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段時間）L.less（adv.更少，較少）J分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后的who引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，空處為其先行詞，所以空處應(yīng)填指人的名詞或代詞。符合要求的選項只有J。those在此處指代上文中的people，此處表達的是“不去（音樂會、演出和博物館）的那些人”。故選J。

24.C

25.A

26.E

27.C

28.D

29.E

30.A

31.A

32.C

33.D

34.這套衣服，除了顏色以外，還是很令人滿意的

35.Youshouldadjustyourarrangementaccordingtotheweather

36.幸運的是，一個由五位頂尖心理學(xué)家組成的團隊已經(jīng)為我們完成了這項工作

37.事實上他昨天晚上就到上海了

38.BA項沒有提到旅館，翻譯不完整，故排除。當(dāng)notuntil位于句首時,句子要倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Notuntil+從句/表時間的詞+助動詞/be動詞+主語+其他，故排除C項，D項Notuntil與后面的not重復(fù)，不合句意，故排除。綜合可知選B

39.當(dāng)我們打斷別人正在說的話來讓他們知道我們理解了時，我們就把注意力的焦點轉(zhuǎn)移到了我們自己身上

40.獲取這種幫助跟你的正式職位和權(quán)力無多大的關(guān)系，但是與你的策略和方法密切相關(guān)。策略和方法多種多樣，從請人幫個小忙到說服他人像對待自己的事情那樣優(yōu)先處理你的事

41.ThebridgebeingbuiltwillbecompletedinMay

42.AA項翻譯完全切合原句意思。B項語序與原句不符，但大致符合原句意思，較A項次之。C項應(yīng)是為公司的成功提供……，而非成功地為公司提供……，故C項不如A、B兩項。D項完全錯解了原句意思，為最差譯文

43.她很友好，并且從不說任何人的壞話

44.C［考點］事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【精析】C根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Animportantwayofreadingalarge,big-citynewspaperisknowinghowtotakeitapart.Canyoufindtheseseparatesections…可知，閱讀大城市發(fā)行的大報紙的一個重要方法就是知道如何區(qū)分不同的版塊。故選C

45.D［考點］詞語理解題

【精析】D根據(jù)第一段第一句Thereisatalethatstrawistheworstmaterialfromwhichtobuildahouse…可知，有人認(rèn)為稻草是最不適合建造房子的材料，而地方政府卻了解到布拉什有幾套稻草房，由此可知，形勢應(yīng)該對布拉什很不利。thecardsarestackedagainstsb.為固定用法，意為情況對某人不利。故選D

46.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的大意是：我們對生活在200年前的中非一無所知是由于______。由文章第二段最后一句Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica,because