新視野大學英語1教案U5

新視野大學英語(第二版)1

BOOKOne(TheSecondEdition)

Unit5

TheBattleAgainstAIDS

I.Aims:

Studentswillbeableto:

1.graspthemainideaandstructureofthetext;

2.appreciatethenarrativeskiIlsdemonstratedinthetext;

3.masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;

4.conductaseriesofreading,1isterling,speakingandwritingactivities

relatedto

thethemeoftheunit.

II.NewLexis:

AIDSacquireimmunedeficiencysyndromediagnoseinfectHIVvirusrural

constitutesegmentalarmfederalimplementorganizationemergecombatresource

creativeeducationalclientpublicationappointmenteducateliteracy

literaturesolveillustrateestablishbusterriskpressuredefineredefine

maritalplagueestablishmentemphasizeregardlesssolutioncrisiscure

representepidemicthreatenracialdistractefficiency

beinfectedwithinplaceofsufferfromhandoutsetupatriskregardless

ofguardagainstwipeoutdistractsb.fromsth.signupfor

III.Structure:

1.Tosolvethisproblems,askpeopleinthecommunitytocreatelow-literacy

AIDSeducationpublications.

2beenslowinimplementingprogramstostopthespreadofAIDS.

IV.Pre-readingActivities

1.WhatisAIDS?

AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome（后天性免疫缺陷綜合癥）.Itisadisease

thatlimitsthebody'sabilitytofightinfection.ApersonwithAIDShasa

veryweakimmunesystem,turningnormallymildorrarediseasesinto

potentiallyfatal1新視野大學英語（第二.版）1

conditions.

2.WhatisHIV?

HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus（人類免疫缺陷病毒）.AIDSisdifferentfromHIV

inthattheformerusuallycausesdeathwhileHIVmayleadtoAIDS.

3.WhatdoyouknowaboutWorldAIDSDay?

December,1stwasestablishedasWorldAIDSDayin1988.Itisthe

internationaldayofcoordinateaction（協(xié)調(diào)彳丁動）againstAIDS.

4.HowmanywayscanHIVspread?

contactwithinfectedblood

mother-to-child

sex

5.Whoismostlikelytobecomeinfected?

AnyonecanbecomeinfectedwithHIV.HIVistransmittedsexuallyorthrough

drugusebycontaminatedblood.

V.BackgroundInformation:

WhatdoestheRedRibbonstandfor?

Itisaninternationalsymbol（標志）ofAIDSawareness.Peoplewearthe

ribbon,particularlyaroundWorldAIDSDay,toshowcareandconcern（關(guān)注）

aboutHIVandAIDS.

WhatWeStillDon'tKnowAboutAIDS

Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetected,scientistssay

theyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisvirall）diseasethananyother.

YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,andStefano

VellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDSSociety,andotherexperts

sayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogress

forAIDSandotherdiseases.

Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain：

WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerand

infections?

Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheld

incheckbyahealthyimmune2)system.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.

PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmoreprone3)tocertaincancerslikenon-Hodgkins

lymphomasandKaposi^ssarcoma4),butnottobreast,colonandlung,themost

commoncancers2新視野大學英語(第二版)1

intheUnitedStates.Thispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystem,

atleastthetypethatoccursinAIDS,doesnotallowcommoncancersto

develop.

WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmune

system?

WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissuebarrierto

enterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvade

directlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.

EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymph5)vessels6)tolymphnodesandtherest

ofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedsto

destroythebody'sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectious

agents.

HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmune?)sys-tem?

AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirus,thereis

widespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwith

AIDS.Soscientistsask：Cantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsiblefor

thatvariabilitybeidentified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressionto

AIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirst

place?

Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy?

Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmune

function.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodyso

themedicines,whichcanhavedangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetaken

foralifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyis

expectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignsthe

immunesystemisweakening.

Tsavaccine8）possible?

Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrolling

theepidemic9）.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltesting,andthere

iswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrains

thataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.Itis

notknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconfer

protectionagainstothertypes.

Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?

WithoutmoreincisivelO）,focusedbehavioralresearch,preventionmessages

alonewillnotstoptheglobalepidemic.

StageIPresentation

A.Vocabulary

1.acquirevt.getbyskillorability,byone^sowneffortsorbehavior

（由技術(shù)、能力、努力或行為而）獲得；學到

acquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish熟諳英文

acquireareputationfordishonesty蒙上不誠實惡名

acquireatasteforbrandy養(yǎng)成喝白蘭地的嗜好3

新視野大學英語（第二版）1

2.immune:a

beimmunetosth./sb對….有免疫力；不受….影響

Thisbloodtestwillshowwhetherornotyou^reimmunetothedisease.

這次驗血將表明你對這種病是否有免疫力。

1amimmunetothenoisefromthefactory.

我對那家工廠的噪音已習以為常了。

3.diagnose診斷

vt.①diagnosesb.with…

②diagnose+illness/sb.'sconditionas

Thewomanisdiagnosedwithdiabetes（糖尿?。?

Thedoctordiagnosedtheillnessascancer.

4.infect:vt.causeotherstohaveadiseaseorillness;affect;influence

beinfectedwith:makesomeonegetadisease

Heinfectseveryonearoundhimwithhisenthusiasm.

他的熱情感染了身邊的每一個人。

Itisestimatedthatoverthirtymillionpeoplearenowinfectedwiththe

virus.估計目前有超過3,000萬人感染上了該病毒。

5.constitutevt.formsth.fromparts

Howmanystudentsconstituteyourstudygroup?

Twelvemonthsconstituteayear.

6.alarm

vt.causesuddenfearorworry;giveawarningorfeelingofdangerto

使恐慌，使擔憂；警告

槍聲驚動了千百只鳥。

Thenoiseoftheshotalarmedhundredsofbirds.

n.①[U]suddenfearandworry恐慌,擔憂；

②[C]apieceofequipmentthatwarnspeopleaboutdanger,thetime,etc.報

器；鬧鐘

afirealarm火警

setthealarm(-clock)for6o'clock把鬧鐘撥到6點

e.g.Hejumpedupinalarm.

他驚慌地跳了起來。

7.organization

n.agroupofpeoplewithaspecialpurpose

Whatdotheseorganizationsmean?

WHOWorldHealthOrganization

OPECOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries4

新視野大學英語（第二版）1

NATONorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization

FAOFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNation

聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織

UNESCOUnitedNations'*Educational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization聯(lián)合

國教科文組織

8.emerge

vi.①cometoappear

Thesunemergedfrombehindacloud.

vi.②becomeknown

Differentideasemergedintheheateddiscussion.

9.illustrate

vt.makeclearbygivingpicturesorexamples

Thesegraphsillustratetheresultsoftheexperiment.

他用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)來說明觀點。

Heillustratedhispointwithstatistics.

10.risk

vt.①placeindanger

Thesoldierriskedhislifetosavethedrowninggirl.

士兵冒著生命危險去救落水的女孩。

n.②danger

Thediseaseisspreading,andallchildrenunder5areatrisk.

疾病在蔓延，5歲以下的兒童都有被傳染的危險。

Morephrases

atrisk:indanger處境危險

take/runtheriskof(doing)sth.冒著...的危險

atanyrisk,atallrisks不管冒什么風險

attheriskof(doing)sth.冒著...的危險

take/runtherisktodosth.冒險...

whichisright?

1)Iamriskingmyjob.T

2)Iamtakingtheriskoflosingmyjob.T

3)Iamattheriskoflosingmyjob.T

11.distractsb.fromsth.=takesb.?sattentionfromsth.使分/心

MostChineseparentsthinkpuppylovewilldistracttheirchildrenfrom

theirschoolwork.

多數(shù)中國父母認為早戀會讓孩子學習分心。

5

新視野大學英語(第二版)1

街上的嘈雜聲使我不能專心讀書。

Thenoiseinthestreetdistractedmefrommyreading.

12.signupfor

=putone'snameonalisttotakepartinsth.報名參力II

上個學期她報名參加了青年志愿者組織。

ShesignedupfortheYoungVolunteerteamlastsemester.

B.TextStudy

1.PartDivisionoftheText

2.StructureAnalysis

A.TheWritingModelofthePassage:

Problem+Solution+Evaluation+SummaryThebasicstructureofthis

patternisproblem-solution-evaluation.Therearesomepossibledifferencesin

thepatternbutthebasicpartsareproblemsandsolutions.

Now,findtheproblem,solutionandevaluationofthispassage.

problems

1.AIDShaskilledmanyAmericans,andstillmanywiththeHIVvirusare

expectedtodie.(Para.1)

2.Womenandyouthinsomecommunitiesaremakingupthefastestsegmentof

peoplewithAIDS.(Para.2)

3.Americangovernmentshavebeenslowinstoppingthespreadofthe

disease.(Para.3)

Solutions

Anumberoflocalorganizationshaveemerged.TheSouthCarolinaAIDS

EducationNetworkisoneofthem.(Paras.3-4)6

新視野大學英語（第二版）1

1.Theorganizationoperatesitseducationalprogramsoutofabeautyshop.

(Paras.4-5)

2.Thenetworkbeganhelpingthehairstylistssetupsimilarprogramsin

theirshops.(Para.6)

3.Ithasdevelopedseveraltechniquesusefultoothergroupsdoingsimilar

work.(Para.7)

a.Speaktoyourcommunityinawaytheycanhear.(Paras.8-9)

b.Trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers.(Para.10)

c.Redefine“atrisk“toincludewomenfromdifferentbackgroundsand

marriage

status.(Paras.11-12)

Evaluation

Theseprogramsarenottheonlysolutionstothecrisisbut,untilthereis

acureforAIDS,theyareonlysafemeasuresagainstthevirus.(Para.13)

Summary

Wemustnotletcultural,racial,orsocialbarriersdistractusfromthe

jobthatmustbedone.Norcanweletpoliticalinefficiencystopusfromour

task.Everyonemustbecomeaneducatorandlearntolive.(Para.14)

B.Thewaytodevelopparagraphs:

AGeneralStatement+Problem-solution-evaluation

ThewriterlistssomewaysofwinningthewaragainstAIDS.Eachmethodis

presentedinageneralstatement.Hetriestoargueforideainaproblem-

solution-evaluationway.

Trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers.

TheproblemThesolutionTheevaluation

TheproblemAIDSisspreadingfastestamongteenagersintheruralSouth.

ThesolutionEstablishan“AIDSBusters”program.Theprogramtrainsyouth

（from8to26）togointothecommunityandteachAIDS

lessonstotheirpeers.

Theevaluation

a.Youngpeoplemakethelessonssimple.

b.TheyexplaintheriskofcatchingAIDStotheirfriendsmuchbetterthan

anadultcan.

c.Theyhelpparentsunderstandthepeerpressuretheirchildrenexperience.

Method1&3aredevelopedinthesameway.Workwithyourpartnerandfind

thedetails.

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新視野大學英語（第二版）1

3.Difficultsentences

1.Tosolvethisproblem,askpeopleinthecommunitywhocandrawwellto

createlow-literacyAIDSeducationpublications.

sb/sth+attributiveclause

Idon'tlikethewayhetalkstoothers.

MorePractice

Inllneverforgetthecity我和瑪麗在那里度過童年時光）.（全家人認為這是個了不

起的榮譽）.

weneedtoeducate,since???

Whatdo"they"and"people”referto?

They=Thesebooks,people=thepictures

這些書籍也展示一些看上去和那些需要接受教育的人很相似的圖片，……

3.suchalarmingnumbers,thefederalandstategovernmentshavealwaysbeen

slowinimplementingprogramstostopthespreadofAIDS.

Despite...,盡管...........，還是............

Despitealotofdifficulties,hemanagedtofinishtheworkwithinthree

weeks.盡管有許多困難，他還是設(shè)法在三周內(nèi)完成了工作。

Hefailedintheexamathirdtimedespitehiscontinuoushardworking.

他第三次考試未通過，盡管他一直都很努力。

4.Likenootherplaguebefore,theAIDSepidemicthreatenstowipeoutan

entire

leavesth./sb...?讓某人/物處于某狀態(tài)...........

Thetrialleftalotofquestionsunanswered.

DorTtleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.別讓她在外邊雨中等著。

IwishyoiTdstopleavingthedooropen.It"scoldoutside.

外面那么冷，我希望你不要再讓門開著。

(L65)

Sth./Sb.is…，..........是..............,

電腦是?種電子裝置，這種裝置能夠儲存信息并能根據(jù)一套被稱為程序的指令做事情。

好老師是那些能夠引起學習者學習興趣的老師。

Acomputerisanelectricmachinethatcanstoreinformationanddothings

withitaccordingtoasetofinstructionscalledaprogram.

Thegreatestteachersaretheoneswhocanarousestudents"intereststo

learn.8新視野大學英語(第二版)1

StageIIReproduction

Groupwork.SupposeyouarecommitteemembersoftheSouthCarolinaAIDS

EducationNetwork.Nowameetingisbeingheldtofindsolutionstothespread

ofAIDS.Afterthemeeting,sendyourrepresentativetoreportyoursolutions,

whichareexpectedtobereasonable,convincingandeffective.Makegooduse

oftheinformationinSectionA.

Asamplebeginning

Afterdiscussion,wet'veworkedoutsomesolutionstotheproblemsweare

facedwith.Tobeginwith,immediateactionsshouldbetakentocollectmoney

tokeepourorganizationgoing…

StagelllSummary

Sinceitwasdiagnosedin1970s,AIDShaskilledthousandsofAmericans.

WomenandyouthinruralSoutherncommunitiesaremostlikelytobeinfected

withAIDS.InplaceofthespreadofAIDSandlackofgovernmentactivityto

stopit,somelocalorganizationsemerged.TheSouthCarolinaAIDSEducation

NetworkformedtohelpreducethenumberofAIDScases.Insomecommunities,

handingoutAIDSliteratureandexpectingpeopletoreaditisnotvery

effectivebecausemanypeoplecannotread.Besides,AIDSisspreadingfastest

amongteenagersintheruralSouth.Sothesegroupshavedevelopedsomebest

methodsofcombatingthespreadofAIDS,whichinclude:speaktoyour

communityinawaytheycanhear;trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers;and

redefine“atrisk“toincludewomenfromdifferentbackgroundsandmarriage

status.Inotherwords,everyoneshouldsignupforthewaragainstAIDS.

StagelVPracticalWritingInvitation

較正式的宴會請柬多用于隆重的社交場合，因此行文中不使用第一人稱I或we,而使

用第三人稱，如Mr.等。英文請柬常在最后加上R.S.V.P.,是法文repondezs'ilvous

plait的縮寫，意思是Pleasereplyo

Sample1

Mr.SunZhiweirequeststhepleasureofthecompanyofMr.andMrs.Zhang

Huatodinner7:00p.m.onFriday,18thJanuaryatRoom402,102JianguoRoad

(W)R.S.V.P.

Sample1

謹定于一月十八日星期五下午七時在建國路102號402室舉行晚宴。

9

新視野大學英語（第二版）1

敬請張華先生和夫人光臨。

孫志偉

Sample2

李翔先生：

茲定于二零零九年五月五Fl星期日上午十一點在和平飯店舉行女兒孫佳與張漢先生的婚

禮。

敬請光臨

孫志

軍

敬約

趙

梅

Sample2

Mr.andMrs.LiXiangacceptwithpleasureMr.andMrs.SunZhijun"skind

invitationtotheweddingreceptionoftheirdaughterSunJiaandMr.Zhang

HanSunday,thefifthofMayatelevenonclockforenoonPeaceHotel.

以上是對結(jié)婚請柬的回復。此信也可簡化如下：

Mr.andMrs.LiXiangacceptwithpleasureMr.andMrs.SunZhijunKskind

invitationforSunday,thefifthofMay.

Sample2

Mr.andMrs.LiXiangregretthattheywillbeunabletoacceptMr.