Chapter1OlderAdults,MaterialEnvironmentsandCaregiving第一章：老齡人，物質(zhì)環(huán)境和照護(hù)3rdSection第三節(jié)

MaterialEnvironments:PhysicalSpacesandObjects物質(zhì)環(huán)境：建筑空間和對(duì)象KnowledgePoints知識(shí)點(diǎn)Physicalspacesandobjects

物理空間和物件Complex

Material

Environments

1

復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)環(huán)境1MaterialEnvironmentsActforPeople

物質(zhì)環(huán)境對(duì)人們的作用FiveAffectsofObjectsonPeople

對(duì)象對(duì)人們的影響Cooking

Taskscape

烹飪勞作景觀DesignedThingssuchasFoodandMusicactasSocialConnectors

食物和音樂(lè)作為社會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)的物件

SymbolicObjects

象征物件

ObjectsthatIllustrateKnowledge,Power,StatusorNeed

物件的知識(shí)，權(quán)利，地位和需求象征

WhattheMaterialEnvironmentCandoforPeople

物質(zhì)環(huán)境對(duì)人們的幫助PublicandPrivateBuildings公共和私人建筑

Homes家Hospitals醫(yī)院CommunityCenters小區(qū)中心Urban/RuralPlaces城市和鄉(xiāng)村場(chǎng)所Parks公園Gardens花園Museums博物館ThingsthatareFixed固定的物件

Furniture家具Refrigerator冰箱Stove爐Beds床Cabinets柜子ThingsthatarePortable可移動(dòng)的對(duì)象

Clothing衣服Foods食物Pots/pans鍋Equipment電器Books書(shū)Physicalspacesandobjects物理空間和對(duì)象NewbornBabyWrappedinCloth被包裹的新生兒Althoughmanypeopledonotreallyconsiderthedetailsoftheirmaterialenvironments,somepeopletakenoticeofitparticularlywhenitchallengesordisablesthem.很多人沒(méi)有真正的考慮物質(zhì)環(huán)境的細(xì)節(jié)，直到這些環(huán)境對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪颂魬?zhàn)和不便Thefirsttypeofcomplexmaterialenvironmentiswhenanumberofthingsareconjoinedtogethertomakeuponeitem第一種復(fù)雜環(huán)境是由不同物質(zhì)聯(lián)結(jié)在一個(gè)物質(zhì)的環(huán)境

Complex

Material

Environments

1復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)環(huán)境1Complex

Material

Environments

2復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)環(huán)境2Thesecondtypeofcomplexenvironmentiswhentherearemultiplethingsaspartofasinglegoal第二種復(fù)雜環(huán)境是不同物質(zhì)為達(dá)成一個(gè)目標(biāo)組合在一起的環(huán)境MaterialEnvironmentsActforPeople物質(zhì)環(huán)境對(duì)人們的作用1）協(xié)助完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)的對(duì)象；2）充當(dāng)社會(huì)，精神和情感連接器的對(duì)象；3）具有社會(huì)文化象征的對(duì)象。1234567Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Aidpeopletowardstasksoractivities(e.g.,tools)幫助人們完成任務(wù)和活動(dòng)（例如工具）1Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Helppeopletoremembertodotasksoractivities(e.g.,calendars,notepads,telephones)幫助人們記住任務(wù)和活動(dòng)（例如日歷，記事本和電話(huà)）2Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Makepeoplefeelcomforted(e.g.,familyphotographs,blankets,soothers)讓人感到安慰（例如家庭照片，毛毯和安撫奶嘴）3Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Sociallyconnectpeopletootherpeople(e.g.,telephones,computers,hairstyles,clothing)幫助建立和維持社交圈（例如電話(huà)，計(jì)算機(jī)，發(fā)型和服裝）4Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Showotherpeopleimportantthingssuchaspeople’sneedsandstatus(e.g.,medicalbracelets,canesfortheblind,uniforms)通過(guò)對(duì)象顯示自己的需求和身份（例如醫(yī)療手鐲，盲人手杖和制服）5Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Helppeopletoconnectwithorstand-inforpeoplewhoareabsent(e.g.,mementos,gifts)幫助人們聯(lián)結(jié)已經(jīng)消失但意義深厚的時(shí)間和人（例如紀(jì)念品和禮物）6Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征Demonstrate,representorsymbolizebiggervaluesandbeliefs(e.g.,photographofChairmanMao,statueoftheBuddha,Christiancross)顯示，代表和象征著更大的價(jià)值觀和信仰（例如毛主席像，基督教的十字架））7Sevencharacteristics七項(xiàng)特征P4hysically身體Intellectually智力Psychologically心里Emotionally經(jīng)濟(jì)Spiritually精神FiveAffectsofObjectsonPeople對(duì)象對(duì)人們的影響Cooking

Taskscape烹飪勞作景觀DesignedThingssuchasFoodandMusicactasSocialConnectors食物和音樂(lè)作為社會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)的物件

ExamplesofSymbolicObjects象征物件

ExamplesofObjectsthatIllustrateKnowledge,Power,StatusorNeed物件的知識(shí)，權(quán)利，地位和需求象征

EngageinActivities參與活動(dòng)AccomplishTasks完成任務(wù)HelpPeopleGetPlaces幫助別人ComfortandShowCompassion舒適性和同情IllustrateValuesandBeliefs價(jià)值和信念GettingtoKnow開(kāi)始了解BringPeopleCloserTogether團(tuán)結(jié)人們WhattheMaterialEnvironmentCandoforPeople物質(zhì)環(huán)境對(duì)人們的幫助Section

Summary本節(jié)小結(jié)Section

Summary自測(cè)題SelfTest自測(cè)題(4)Whatmakesupthematerialenvironment?是什么構(gòu)成了物質(zhì)環(huán)境？(5)Howdoportableobjectsandfixedobjectsdiffer?可移動(dòng)物體和固定物體的區(qū)別？(6)Describetheeverydaytaskscapesthatallpeopleengagein.描述所有人都參與的日常勞動(dòng)景觀。(7)Onwhatlevelsdoobjectsaffectpeople?物體在何種層面影響著人們？(8)Howdoobjectshelpustoconnectwithandunderstandeachotherandtheworld?Givethreeexamplesofhowwecanusethingstostrengthenoursocialrelationships?物體如何幫助我們聯(lián)系與理解人們和世界之間的關(guān)系？列出三個(gè)我們能用對(duì)象來(lái)加強(qiáng)我們社交關(guān)系的例子。ASSIGNMENT

2作業(yè)2Itemizeyourownmaterialenvironment.Findoneitemthatrepresentseachcharacteristicofhowobjectsactforpeople.Nowchooseonepersoninyoursocialnetworkanddocumentwhichobjectorobjectscanbeusedtoaidinyourrelationshipwiththatperson.Continuethisexploration