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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2023年江西省南昌市高考英語一模試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)AMust-SeeLandmarksForYourXi'anTourServingasthecapitalofChinafor13dynasties,Xi'an,capitalofShaanxiprovincehasnumeroushistoricalsitesandrelics.IfyouareplanningatourofXi'antakinglessthan3days,checkouttheserecommendedattractions,whichwethinkbestcapturethespiritoftheancientcity.

TheTerracottaArmy

TheTerracottaArmyisoneofthemostsignificantarchaeologicalfindsintheworldandoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.

Discoveredin1974,thearmyofTerracottaWarriorswasconstructedbyChina'sFirstEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221BC-207BC).Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,throughwhichpeoplecangetagreatinsightintothehistory,militarydevelopmentandcultureofancientChinainthatperiod.

AncientCityWall

Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)asamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestandbest-preservedChinesecitywalls.Whenyoutakeawalkorcycleonthemassivewall,youcanenjoyagoodviewofthecity.

GiantWildGoosePagoda

OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynasty(618-907)speciallyforthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.SituatedinDaCi'enTemple,thepagodawasbuiltwithlayersofbricksandhasagrandstructurethatgivesitaholyappearance.ItisagoodexampleoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.1.WhatdotheTerracottaArmyandAncientCityWallhaveincommon?______A.Theybothreflectmilitaryhistory.

B.TheyshowChina'sfirstemperor'sambition.

C.Theyaregreatdiscoveriesof20thcentury.

D.Theyarethebest-preservedtouristattractions.2.WhatmakesGiantWildGoosePagodaspecial?______A.Itsbuildingbricks. B.Itsgrandstructure.

C.Itsholyappearance. D.Itsreligiouspurpose.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?______A.Ageographytextbook. B.Anewsreport.

C.Atouristguidebook. D.Asciencemagazine.BWangariMaathai,2004NobelPeacePrizewinner,oncetoldastoryofahummingbird.Whenaforestfirebreaksout,ahummingbirdwillvolunteertodoitsbesttofightthefiredespiteitssmallsizeandlittleimpact,whilelargeranimalsliketheelephantsjustsitbyandwatch.InmanyKenyanpeople'seyes,theyouthgroupKombGreenSolutionsissuchahummingbird.

Formedin2017,KombGreenSolutionsisacommunity-basedorganizationinNairobi.Thoughitstartedoffwithnosupportatall,itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum(貧民窟).

FredrickOkinda,thegroup'sfounder,saidthatbeforethegroupwasformed,someyoungpeopleinKorogochowereengagedincrimetoearnaliving.Thisalwaysresultedingangfights,withOkindahavinglostmanyfriendstocrime.

DuringanupgradingprojectwhereanewbridgelinkingDandoraandKorogochoslumswasbeingbuilt,Okindaandhisco-founderssawanopportunity.Havingworkedascasuallaborersandsecurityofficersfortheproject,theyouthdecidedtocarryonbyrestoringtheriverunderthebridgeonavoluntarybasis.

"Whenwestarted,ourmainfocuswasthedumpsite(垃圾場)underthebridge,"Okindasaid."Itwasahidingplaceforthievesandaplacewheredrugdealersanduserswouldgotoconducttheirillegalactivities,sowewantedtocreateagreenandsafespaceforchildrentoplayandforyoungpeopletorelax."

Withlimitedresources,lackoffundsandanenormoustask,KombGreenSolutionshasslowlybutsurelystartedturningthecity'sKorogochoslumfromaneyesoreintoasafespacewherechildrencanplayandadultscanlivehealthylives.4.Whydoestheauthormentionhummingbirdinparagraph1?______A.TointroduceaKenyanyouthgroup.

B.ToshowWangariMaathai'stheory.

C.Toamusereaderswithafunnystory.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofhummingbirds.5.WhatmadeOkindastartKombGreenSolutions?______A.Savingwildbirds. B.Makingaliving.

C.Solvingthedrugproblem. D.Changingthecommunity.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOkinda?______A.Reserved. B.Devoted. C.Polite. D.Honest.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.LivingaHealthyLife B.BridgingTwoSlums

C.TransformingtheCitySlum D.VolunteeringinCommunitiesCHowshouldyouspendyourtime?Whomshouldyoumarry?Whereshouldyoulive?Forcenturies,peoplehavereliedontheirinstincts(本能)tofigureouttheanswerstothesequestions.Now,wecanusethebigdatatohelpdeterminethebestcoursetochart.

Researchershavecollecteddataonvariouskindsofchoicespeoplemake,theinformationtheybasethosechoiceson,andhowthingsturnout.Theyhavefoundthatasimpledata-drivenalgorithm(算法)wouldhavebeenbetterthanjudgesatdecidingwhetheradefendantshouldstayinjailorbereleasedandbetterthanschoolprincipalsatdecidingwhichteachersshouldbepromoted.Baseballteamsfoundthatalgorithmswerebetterthancoachesatpickingplayersandstrategies.TechfirmsinSiliconValleyhavefoundthatdatafromexperimentsprovidesbetterinsightsintohowtodesigntheirwebsitesthandesignerscould.

Butdostatisticshavesimilarimpactonourmakingdecisionsinpersonallives?Yes.Thelargestofexperiencesamplingprojects,Mappiness,hascollectedmorethan3milliondatapoints.Ithasrevealedtheactivitiesthatprovidefarmorejoythanmostofuswouldhaveguessed,suchasexercising,goingtoamuseumandgardening,andthethingsthatgiveuslesspleasuresuchasplayingvideogames,watchingTVprogramandsurfingtheinternet.

Onestudyby86researcherscollectedinformationonmorethan11,000romanticcouples.Theyusedmachinelearningmodelstounderstandwhatpredictsromanticsatisfaction.Theyfoundmanyhighlydesiredtraits,suchasapartner'sattractivenessandheight,havejustnoconnectionwithlong-termhappiness.Insteadthequalitiessuchashavinga"growthmindset",orasecureattachmentstylearemostpredictiveofromanticsatisfaction.

Iamnotclaimingthatwecancompletelyoutsource(外包)ourlifestylechoicestoalgorithms,thoughwemightgettothatpointinthefuture.Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyconsultingevidenceobtainedfromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddilemmassimilartoours.8.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?______A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byanalyzingreasons.

C.Bypresentingsolutions. D.Bylistingfigures.9.WhatcanMappinessdo?______A.ChoosethebestTVprogram.

B.Pickbetterplayersforthecoach.

C.Decidewhetherapersonisguilty.

D.Tellwhichactivitybringsmorejoy.10.Whomaygainlong-termhappinessaccordingtothetext?______A.Awomanwithaprettyface.

B.Amanofgrowingwealth.

C.Awomanwithreliablepersonality.

D.Amanofaverageheight.11.Whichstatementmaytheauthoragreewith?______A.Bigdatawillcausedisasters.

B.Bigdatamayhelpusmakedecisions.

C.Bigdatashouldbefullytrusted.

D.Bigdataoftenputspeopleindilemmas.DAnewstudysuggeststhatpollutionofallkindskillsnearly9millionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Airpollutionfromindustrialprocessesandtheexpansionofcitiesaccountedforabout75%ofthedeaths,researchersfound.Thestudywasbasedonexaminationsofworldwidedeathratesandpollutionlevels.

Thestudyseparatedtraditionalpollutantsfrommodernpollutants.Examplesoftraditionalpollutantsareindoorsmokeorwastewater.Modernpollutantsincludeairpollutionfromvehiclesorindustrialactivitiesandpoisonouschemicals.Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.ButtheyremainamajorprobleminAfricaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Insomecountries,stateprogramstocutindoorairpollutionandimprovementsinsanitation(衛(wèi)生)havehelpedreducedeathrates.InEthiopiaandNigeria,forexample,sucheffortscutdeathsbytwo-thirdsbetween2000and2019,thestudyfound.

Modernkindsofpollutionarerisinginmostcountries,especiallydevelopingones,theresearcherssaid.Deathscausedbymodernpollutants—heavymetals,agriculturalchemicalsandcarbonemissions—are"skyrocketing,"saidstudyco-writerRachaelKupka.SheheadstheNewYork-basedGlobalAllianceonHealthandPollution.Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisen66%since2000.

"Ninemilliondeathsisalotofdeaths,"PhilipLandrigantoldTheAssociatedPressaboutthestudy'sresults.HeisdirectoroftheGlobalPublicHealthProgramatBostonCollegeinMassachusetts."Thebadnewsisthatit'snotdecreasing,"Landriganadded."We'remakinggainsintheeasystuff,andwe'reseeingthemoredifficultstuff,outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution,stillgoingup."

Thestudymakesseveralsuggestionsforwaystocutthenumberofdeaths.Theseincludecreatingbetterrecordingandreportingmethodsandstrongergovernmentpoliciestoreducepollutionlinkedtoindustrialactivitiesandvehicleemissions.

"Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems,"saidthestudyco-authorRichardFuller."What'smissingispoliticalwill."12.Whatcanbelearnedfromthestudyaboutpollution?______A.Airpollutionkilled9millionpeoplelastyear.

B.Cuttingindoorairpollutionisthebestpolicy.

C.TraditionalpollutionisveryseriousinNigeria.

D.Traditionalpollutantscauselessdeaththanbefore.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skyrocketing"probablymeaninparagraph3?______A.Improving. B.Increasing. C.Reducing. D.Worsening.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilipLandrign'swords?______A.Itiseasytofightmodernpollution.

B.Outdoorairpollutionisdecreasing.

C.Modernpollutionstillconcernspeople.

D.Itishardtotellthereasonsforpollution.15.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?______A.Methodstoreducepollution.

B.Government'sresponsetopollution.

C.Suggestionsforindustrialactivities.

D.Thedamagecausedbyvehicleemissions.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Improvingyourmemoryiseasierthanitsounds.Somepeoplethinkourmemoryisstaticandunchanging.(1)______Focusonit

Manypeoplegetcaughtinmultitasking.(2)______.Focusingonitisveryimportantbecauseourbrains,unlikecomputers,can'treallythinkofmanythingsinparallel.Therefore,ifyouneedtomemorizesomething,quitmultitasking.

Smell,touch,taste,hearandseeit

(3)______Needtorememberthenameofsomeoneyoumetforthefirsttime?Itmayhelptolookintotheireyeswhenyourepeattheirnamesandofferhandshakes.Bydoingso,youhaveengagedfouroutoffivesenses.

Makeassociations

Whenwelearn,weoftenforgettotryandmakeconnectionsuntillateron.However,researchhasshownthatmemorycanbestrongerwhenyoumaketheconnection.Forinstance,thinkabouthowtwothingsarerelatedandthememoryforbothwillbeenhanced.(4)______.

(5)______

Peopleoftencouldbecaughtupinthinkingthereisa"onesize"thatfitsalllearningstyleformemorizingnewmaterial.That'ssimplynotthecase.Somepeopleliketowritethingsdownwhentheyarelearningsomethingnew.Othersmaybenefitmorefromrecordingwhattheyarehearingandgoingbacktotakemoredetailednotes.

Asweage,ourmemorysometimesseemtogetworse.Butitdoesn'thaveto.Byfollowingthesetips,youcanhaveyourmemorysharpatanyageandimproveitanytime.

A.Find"onesize"thatfitsallofus

B.Learnitthewaythatworksforyou

C.Theyoftenfailtopayattentiontothetaskathand

D.Theyoftentrytofinishmanytasksatthesametime

E.Themoresensesyouemploy,thestrongermemoryitbecomes

F.Connectnewinformationtoexistinginformationorexperiencesinyourmind

G.However,youcanenhanceyourmemorybypracticingafewmemory-buildingexercises16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共20小題,共30.0分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

It'sverynecessaryforyoutomakeaplaninadvancebeforetravellingabroad.Animportantpartoftheplanisprobablytofindtheright(1)______.Itmaytakeyoudaystovisittravelwebsitesorreadmagazinesto(2)______information.It'salongprocess,somanypeoplevisit(3______travelers'blogsandsearchtrackrecordsonline,becausenoonewantstowastethe(4)______vacationtimeonthesitesthatmay(5)______theirexpectations.

Nowconsideranother(6)______—youareanexperiencedtravelerandyouwanttoshareyourmost(7)______routeswithyourfamily,friendsoranyonewhoisinterestedin(8)______yourfootsteps.Butsharingishardworkbecauseyouneedtowrite,(9)______photosandvideos,andbebusyrememberingthe(10)______orders.Whatifalltheworkcanbedoneforyou(11)______whileyoutravel?Thebest(12)______istotryWishTrip.ThroughWishTrip,youcansearchotherpeople'sroutesandshareyours.PleaseletWishTripbeyourhelpful(13)______throughtheway.

Ifyouareacontributor,useWishTripfromthebeginningofyourtourto(14)______therouteonthemap.WishTripwill(15)______allmultimediafilestotheexactlocationswheretheyaretaken.Whenyou(16)______thetour,WishTrip'ssmartvideofunctionswillaccordingly(17)______asupercoolvideoforyouto(18)______inyourmemory.

YoucanuseWishTripinanycountrywhereyouwanttotravel.NowthesharingeconomyisRapidly(19)______popularityinthetourismindustry.Withthehelpoflatest(20)______,suchasAI,WishTriphasmadegreatinnovations(創(chuàng)新).21.

A.location B.route C.companion D.date22.

A.offer B.share C.convey D.collect23.

A.experienced B.adventurous C.energetic D.respectable24.

A.abundant B.long C.typical D.precious25.

A.standupfor B.liveupto C.fallshortof D.lookforwardto26.

A.situation B.event C.condition D.function27.

A.boring B.attractive C.necessary D.complex28.

A.tracking B.handling C.following D.watching29.

A.develop B.publish C.print D.upload30.

A.simple B.right C.short D.straight31.

A.lately B.automatically C.consistently D.currently32.

A.solution B.sign C.promotion D.reaction33.

A.reporter B.learner C.guide D.visitor34.

A.exchange B.memorize C.record D.communicate35.

A.send B.give C.adapt D.attach36.

A.begin B.set C.keep D.finish37.

A.generate B.invent C.perform D.copy38.

A.save B.imagine C.catch D.edit39.

A.building B.breaking C.gaining D.ruining40.

A.ability B.technology C.power D.information四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)41.Asmalldevice,Moxie,hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars,(1)______(bring)thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin(2)______journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven-hour-longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric(大氣的)conditionslastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme(3)______(temperature)andafteraMartianduststorm,Moxie(4)______(continue)toproducehigh-purityoxygen.

"ThisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceofMarsandtransforming(5)______(they)chemicallyintosomethingusefulforahumanmission,"JeffreyHoffman,a(6)______(retire)astronaut,said.

"ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore(7)______(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees,"Hoffmansaid."OneaimistoshowwecanrunMoxieinallseasons."

Thedevice,Moxie,usessomespecialpumps,(8)______suckincarbondioxide.Thegas(9)______(heat)to800°Candpressedtoseparatethecarbonandoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.

Despitethechallenges,MoxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionsonMarsandscientistsregardthetestresults(10)______agreatachievement.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(?),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪減:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改:在錯詞下面劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意:

(1)每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

(2)只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。

Ishareagreatrelationshipwithmyparentsalthoughmypointsofviewgreatlydifferfromthatofmyparents.HowdoImakeit?

First,Ilistentomyparents'word.NotonlydoIcarryoutwiththedutiesthey'veassignedmebutalsoIdowhicheverIcantomakethemperfect.Second,Italktothem.AsIenteredmymid-teens,Ifeltupsetbecausetheydidn'tallowmemakemyowndecisions.Fortunate,aftermycommunicatingwiththem,theygraduallyacceptmydecisions.WhenI'mconfusingaboutproblems,Iturntothemforhelp.

Intheword,myparentsandIlearntorespecteachotherbutgetalongwell.六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題,共25.0分)43.英文報ChinaDaily正以Helpingtheoldadapttoadigitalsociety為題征集稿件,請認(rèn)真觀察圖片后寫一篇短文進(jìn)行投稿,內(nèi)容包括:

(1)簡要描述圖片;

(2)你的觀點(diǎn)和建議。

注意:(1)詞數(shù)100左右;

(2)短文的題目已為你寫好。

參考詞匯:scanQRcodes掃描二維碼

但你有沒有注意過

有個群體被擋在二維碼的門外

Butthereisagroupleftbehindbythistrend?Helpingtheoldadapttoadigitalsociety__________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、C【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheTerracottaArmy中Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,throughwhichpeoplecangetagreatinsightintothehistory,militarydevelopmentandcultureofancientChinainthatperiod.(秦始皇兵馬俑收集了成千上萬的真人大小的兵馬俑,戰(zhàn)馬和戰(zhàn)車,通過它人們可以很好地了解那個時期中國古代的歷史,軍事發(fā)展和文化。)和AncientCityWall中Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)asamilitarydefensesystem.(西安城墻始建于14世紀(jì),由明朝第一位皇帝朱元璋(1368-1644)修建,作為軍事防御系統(tǒng)。)可知,秦始皇兵馬俑和西安古城墻的共同之處在于它們都反映了軍事歷史。故選A。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynasty(618-907)speciallyforthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.(大雁塔是中國最著名的佛塔之一,建于唐代(618-907),專門用于佛經(jīng)研究。)可知,西安大雁塔的特別之處在于它的宗教目的佛經(jīng)研究。故選D。

(3)文章出處題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題Must-SeeLandmarksForYourXi'anTour(西安旅游必看的地標(biāo))和第一段IfyouareplanningatourofXi'antakinglessthan3days,checkouttheserecommendedattractions,whichwethinkbestcapturethespiritoftheancientcity.(如果你計劃在三天內(nèi)游覽西安,看看這些推薦的景點(diǎn),我們認(rèn)為它們最能體現(xiàn)這座古城的精神。)可知,本文介紹了去西安旅游必去的三個旅游景點(diǎn);由此可推知,本文最有可能出自一本旅游指南。A.A

geography

textbook.一本地理教科書;B.A

news

report.新聞報道;C.A

tourist

guidebook.旅游指南;D.A

science

magazine.一本科學(xué)雜志。故選C。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了去西安旅游必去的三個旅游景點(diǎn)秦始皇兵馬俑,西安古城墻和大雁塔。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。

我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學(xué)會帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方,通過細(xì)節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。

4~7.【答案】A、D、B、C【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段WangariMaathai,2004NobelPeacePrizewinner,oncetoldastoryofahummingbird.Whenaforestfirebreaksout,ahummingbirdwillvolunteertodoitsbesttofightthefiredespiteitssmallsizeandlittleimpact,whilelargeranimalsliketheelephantsjustsitbyandwatch.InmanyKenyanpeople'seyes,theyouthgroupKombGreenSolutionsissuchahummingbird.(2004年諾貝爾和平獎得主旺加里?馬塔伊曾經(jīng)講過一個關(guān)于蜂鳥的故事。當(dāng)森林發(fā)生火災(zāi)時,蜂鳥會自愿盡其所能去滅火,盡管它的體型很小,影響也很小,而像大象這樣的大型動物只是坐在旁邊看著。在許多肯尼亞人眼中,青年組織KombGreenSolutions就是這樣一只蜂鳥)可推知,作者在第一段提到了蜂鳥是為了介紹一個肯尼亞青年團(tuán)體。故選A。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Thoughitstartedoffwithnosupportatall,itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum(貧民窟).(雖然他們一開始沒有得到任何支持,但他們有一種改變貧民窟環(huán)境的熱情)可知,改變社區(qū)讓Okinda創(chuàng)辦了KombGreenSolutions。故選D。

(3)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段Havingworkedascasuallaborersandsecurityofficersfortheproject,theyouthdecidedtocarryonbyrestoringtheriverunderthebridgeonavoluntarybasis.(曾擔(dān)任過臨時工和保安人員的他決定以自愿的方式恢復(fù)橋下的河流)以及第五段Itwasahidingplaceforthievesandaplacewheredrugdealersanduserswouldgotoconducttheirillegalactivities,sowewantedtocreateagreenandsafespaceforchildrentoplayandforyoungpeopletorelax.(這是小偷的藏身之處,也是毒販和吸毒者進(jìn)行非法活動的地方,所以我們想為孩子們創(chuàng)造一個綠色安全的空間,讓他們玩耍,讓年輕人放松)可推知,Okinda有奉獻(xiàn)精神。A.Reserved.保留的;B.Devoted.有奉獻(xiàn)精神的;C.Polite.禮貌的;D.Honest.誠實的。故選B。

(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段Formedin2017,KombGreenSolutionsisacommunity-basedorganizationinNairobi.Thoughitstartedoffwithnosupportatall,itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum(貧民窟).(Komb綠色解決方案成立于2017年,是內(nèi)羅畢的一個社區(qū)組織。雖然他們一開始沒有得到任何支持,但他們有一種改變貧民窟環(huán)境的熱情)結(jié)合文章主要介紹了肯尼亞青年團(tuán)體KombGreenSolutions致力于改造貧民窟,介紹了其創(chuàng)建起始以及取得的成果??芍?,C選項"改造城市貧民窟"最符合文章標(biāo)題。A.Living

a

Healthy

Life過健康的生活;B.Bridging

Two

Slums連接兩個貧民窟;C.Transforming

the

City

Slum改造城市貧民窟;D.Volunteering

in

Communities社區(qū)志愿服務(wù)。故選C。

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了肯尼亞青年團(tuán)體KombGreenSolutions致力于改造貧民窟,介紹了其創(chuàng)建起始以及取得的成果。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。

8~11.【答案】A、D、C、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Researchershavecollecteddataonvariouskindsofchoicespeoplemake,theinformationtheybasethosechoiceson,andhowthingsturnout.Theyhavefoundthatasimpledata-drivenalgorithm(算法)wouldhavebeenbetterthanjudgesatdecidingwhetheradefendantshouldstayinjailorbereleasedandbetterthanschoolprincipalsatdecidingwhichteachersshouldbepromoted.Baseballteamsfoundthatalgorithmswerebetterthancoachesatpickingplayersandstrategies.TechfirmsinSiliconValleyhavefoundthatdatafromexperimentsprovidesbetterinsightsintohowtodesigntheirwebsitesthandesignerscould.(研究人員收集了人們做出的各種選擇的數(shù)據(jù),他們做出這些選擇所依據(jù)的信息,以及事情的結(jié)果。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),一個簡單的數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動算法在決定被告是否應(yīng)該被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄或釋放方面,比法官要好,在決定哪些教師應(yīng)該被提升方面,比學(xué)校校長要好。棒球隊發(fā)現(xiàn),算法在挑選球員和策略方面優(yōu)于教練。硅谷的科技公司發(fā)現(xiàn),實驗數(shù)據(jù)比設(shè)計師更能幫助他們了解如何設(shè)計網(wǎng)站)可推知,作者通過舉例展開第二段。A.By

giving

examples.通過舉例;B.By

analyzing

reasons.通過分析原因;C.By

presenting

solutions.通過提出解決方案;D.By

listing

figures.通過列舉數(shù)字。故選A。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Ithasrevealedtheactivitiesthatprovidefarmorejoythanmostofuswouldhaveguessed,suchasexercising,goingtoamuseumandgardening,andthethingsthatgiveuslesspleasuresuchasplayingvideogames,watchingTVprogramandsurfingtheinternet.(它揭示了一些活動比我們大多數(shù)人想象的要快樂得多,比如鍛煉、參觀博物館和園藝,以及一些不那么快樂的事情,比如玩電子游戲、看電視節(jié)目和上網(wǎng))可知,Mappiness能告知哪個活動帶來更多的快樂。故選D。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Insteadthequalitiessuchashavinga"growthmindset",orasecureattachmentstylearemostpredictiveofromanticsatisfaction.(相反,擁有"成長心態(tài)"或安全的依戀類型等品質(zhì)最能預(yù)測愛情滿意度)可知,性格可靠的女人能獲得長久的幸福。故選C。

(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyconsultingevidenceobtainedfromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddilemmassimilartoours.(相反,我認(rèn)為我們都可以通過咨詢從成千上萬面臨類似困境的人那里獲得的證據(jù)來顯著改善我們的決策)可知,作者認(rèn)同大數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助我們做決定。A.Big

data

will

cause

disasters.大數(shù)據(jù)會造成災(zāi)難;B.Big

data

may

help

us

make

decisions.大數(shù)據(jù)可能會幫助我們做決定;C.Big

data

should

be

fully

trusted.大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該完全可信;D.Big

data

often

puts

people

in

dilemmas.大數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)常讓人們陷入兩難境地。故選B。

這是一篇說明文?,F(xiàn)在,我們可以使用大數(shù)據(jù)來幫助確定繪制圖表的最佳路線。文章主要說明了大數(shù)據(jù)對我們的便利性,并列舉了相關(guān)的例子。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。

12~15.【答案】D、B、C、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)在全球范圍內(nèi)正在下降)可知,傳統(tǒng)污染物造成的死亡比以前少。故選D。

(2)詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisen66%since2000.(Kupka說,自2000年以來,與現(xiàn)代污染物有關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)上升了66%)可知現(xiàn)代污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)正在"增加"。故劃線詞意思是"增加"。A.Improving.提升;B.Increasing.增加;C.Reducing.減少;D.Worsening.加重。故選B。

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段We'remakinggainsintheeasystuff,andwe'reseeingthemoredifficultstuff,outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution,stillgoingup.(我們在容易解決的問題上取得了進(jìn)展,但我們看到更棘手的問題,如室外工業(yè)空氣污染和化學(xué)污染,仍在上升)可推知,現(xiàn)代污染仍然讓人們感到擔(dān)憂。故選C。

(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems,"saidthestudyco-authorRichardFuller."What'smissingispoliticalwill."("我們絕對知道如何解決污染問題,"該研究的合著者理查德?富勒說。"缺少的是政治意愿。")可推知,在下一段中可能會討論政府對污染的反應(yīng)。A.Methods

to

reduce

pollution.減少污染的方法;B.Government's

response

to

pollution.政府對污染的反應(yīng);C.Suggestions

for

industrial

activities.對工業(yè)活動的建議;D.The

damage

caused

by

vehicle

emissions.汽車排放物造成的損害。故選B。

這是一篇說明文。一項新的研究表明,全球每年有近900萬人死于各種污染。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),工業(yè)過程和城市擴(kuò)張造成的空氣污染約占死亡人數(shù)的75%。這項研究是基于對全球死亡率和污染水平的調(diào)查。文章介紹了研究的具體數(shù)據(jù)以及研究人員對此的看法。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。

16~20.【答案】G、C、E、F、B【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)空前Improvingyourmemoryiseasierthanitsounds.Somepeoplethinkourmemoryisstaticandunchanging.(提高記憶力比聽起來容易。有些人認(rèn)為我們的記憶是固定不變的。)可知有人認(rèn)為我們的記憶力是不變的,根據(jù)后文Focusonit(專注于它),可知下文講的是提高記憶力的方法,空處承上啟下,所以空處應(yīng)該講的是通過一些方法可以提高記憶力,G項(然而,你可以通過做一些建立記憶的練習(xí)來增強(qiáng)你的記憶力。)指出有些方法可以幫我們提高記憶力,承接上文,引出下文,而且由G項中的However可知空處的內(nèi)容是對空前錯誤認(rèn)知的否定,符合上下文語境。故選G項。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)空前Manypeoplegetcaughtinmultitasking.(很多人都陷入了一心多用的困境。)可知很多人都不能做到專注,根據(jù)空后Focusingonitisveryimportan

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