&北宗J貨醫(yī)學網(wǎng)絡教育學院

護理學（專科）

入學考試復習指導

北京大學醫(yī)學網(wǎng)絡教育學院招生部

2008年1月編

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目錄

英語部分.............................................................1

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(1).............................................................................................................5

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(2)...........................................................................................................13

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(3)...........................................................................................................22

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(4)...........................................................................................................31

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(5)...........................................................................................................37

ENGLISHPROFICIENCYTEST(6)...........................................................................................................43

KEY(答案)......................................................................49

護理學綜合..........................................................52

關于護理學?？迫雽W考試“護理學綜合”考試輔導參考資料的使用說明..................52

第一部分：基礎護理學...........................................................52

第二部分：內(nèi)科護理學...........................................................57

第三部分：外科護理學...........................................................60

基礎護理學部分...............................................................63

第一章緒論.............................................................63

第二章醫(yī)院和病員的住院環(huán)境................................................64

第三章病員入院和出院的護理...............................................66

第四章清潔、消毒、滅菌及物品的保養(yǎng).......................................67

第五章無菌技術基本操作...................................................70

第六章病員的臥位和安全...................................................71

第七章病員的臨床護理.....................................................72

第八章病員的飲食及護理...................................................74

第九章體溫、脈搏、呼吸、血壓的觀察及護理.................................75

第十章藥物療法...........................................................78

第十一章藥物過敏試驗法.....................................................80

第十二章輸液和輸血法.......................................................82

第十三章吸入療法...........................................................85

第十四章排尿的觀察及異常時的護理...........................................87

第十五章各種標本采集法.....................................................88

第十六章冷和熱的應用.......................................................90

第十七章病情的觀察及危重病員的搶救護理.....................................91

第十八章病區(qū)護理管理.......................................................95

第十九章醫(yī)療文件的記錄和保管..............................................95

內(nèi)科學及護理部分.................................................................96

第一篇診斷學基礎.........................................................96

第一章問診...............................................................96

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第二章體格檢查............................................................96

第三章檢驗診斷...........................................................101

第四章其他檢查...........................................................103

第二篇系統(tǒng)內(nèi)科疾病及護理.................................................104

第一章內(nèi)科疾病的分期護理.................................................104

第二章呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病及護理.................................................105

第三章循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病及護理.................................................112

第四章消化系統(tǒng)疾病及護理.................................................121

第五章腎臟疾病及護理.....................................................127

第六章血液病及護理.......................................................130

第七章內(nèi)分泌代謝疾病及護理...............................................133

第八章理化因素所致疾病及護理.............................................135

外科學及護理部分.................................................................137

第一章外科無菌技術.......................................................137

第二章體液平衡與液體療法.................................................138

第三章休克..............................................................140

第四章急性腎功能衰竭.....................................................141

第五章麻醉..............................................................142

第六章復蘇..............................................................143

第七章手術前后護理.......................................................144

第八章外科感染...........................................................146

第九章?lián)p傷..............................................................148

第十章?lián)Q藥..............................................................150

第H■■一章腫瘤..............................................................151

第十二章頸部疾病...........................................................152

第十三章乳房疾病...........................................................153

第十四章腹外疝.............................................................154

第十五章急性腹膜炎與腹部損傷...............................................155

第十六章胃十二指腸疾病.....................................................156

第十七章腸疾病.............................................................157

第十八章直腸肛管疾病.......................................................159

第十九章肝臟疾病外科治療...................................................160

第二十章膽道疾病...........................................................161

第二十一章外科急腹癥的診斷與護理............................................162

第二十二章周圍血管疾病......................................................162

第二十三章顱腦損傷..........................................................163

第二十四章胸部疾病..........................................................164

第二十五章泌尿及男性生殖系疾病..............................................166

第二十六章骨與關節(jié)疾病......................................................169

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英語部分

一、考試目的

本考試為北醫(yī)網(wǎng)絡學院大專班學生入學英語課程考試，旨在認定其英語是否達到繼續(xù)在

北醫(yī)網(wǎng)絡學院進行專科學習的基本要求，同時為北醫(yī)網(wǎng)絡學院英語教學的實施及評估提供依

據(jù)。

二、考試總要求

考生應掌握英語的基本語音知識，掌握大約1000個單詞，能基本掌握英語的簡單語法規(guī)

則，并具有初步綜合應用英語語言的能力。

三、考試內(nèi)容

(-).語音

掌握下列語音規(guī)則，讀音基本正確。

1.元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)和r音節(jié)中的讀音；

2.元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音；

3.輔音字母在單詞中的讀音；

4.常見字母組合的讀音。

(二)、詞匯

掌握約1000個基礎英語單詞和相應的常用詞組。單詞列表請見《現(xiàn)代英語教程》一、二

冊附錄部分。

(三)、語法

掌握下列基本語法規(guī)則，并能用于解決閱讀中涉及的語法問題。

1.詞法：

(1)名詞:

名詞及其復數(shù)形式，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞，復合名詞，名詞所有格；

(2)冠詞：

定冠詞、不定冠詞及不加冠詞的基本用法

(3)代詞:

人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞的用法；

(4)數(shù)詞：

基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構成及用法

(5)介詞：

常用介詞的用法、介詞短語的用法、介詞的固定搭配；

(6)形容詞和副詞：

形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級；

(7)動詞:

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A.動詞的基本形式及不規(guī)則動詞的形式

B.動詞時態(tài)的構成及其用法：

一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時.，一般將來時?，現(xiàn)在完成時;一般過去時，過去進行時;

過去完成時；

C.被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構成，帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)；

D.情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,must,need,should等的用法及否定式、疑問式的構

成；

E.動詞不定式、動名詞及分詞的構成及用法；

2.句法：

（1）五種基本句型

A.主語+謂語B.主語+謂語+賓語

C.主語+系動詞+表語D.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

E.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語

（2）句子的用途分類：

A.稱述句（肯定與否定）的構成及用法

B.疑問句的構成及用法（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句）

C.祁使句的構成及用法

D.感嘆句的構成及用法

（3）句子的結構分類：

A.簡單句

B.并列句及其連詞

C.復合句

a.名詞性從句（大致了解主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的用法，重點掌握賓

語從句的構成、語序、用法及間接引語）

b.定語從句的種類、構成及用法

c.狀語從句的種類、構成及用法

D.倒裝句（要掌握IT做形式主語的結構）、強調(diào)句和省略句等做初步了解

（四）.閱讀理解

以教材課文及課后練習的文章難度為依據(jù)，考查學生對生詞量不超過2%的一般性題材文字材

料的閱讀理解能力。

（五）.完型填空

以教材課后練習中完型填空的難度和長度為依據(jù)，考查學生綜合應用英語詞匯、語法、閱讀

技能的能力。

四、試卷形式

試卷總分：100分考試時間：150分鐘

答題方式：試卷分為試卷和答題卡，所有客觀題答案涂在答題卡上。

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試卷題型：均為客觀題

試卷內(nèi)容比例：

語音：約10%

詞匯與語法：約30%

辨別錯誤約10%

完型填空：約10%

閱讀理解：約40%

五、試卷結構一覽表

部分名稱題號題量分值

I語音1-101010

II閱讀理解11-302040

III詞匯與結構31-603030

IV辨別錯誤61-701010

V完型填空71-801010

合計80100

六、題型說明

i.語音

從所給的四個單詞的劃線部分選出一個與其他三個讀音不同的選項（共10題，每題1分。

II.閱讀理解

由4篇200-300詞的?般性題材文字材料組成，生詞量不超過2%,4篇皆選自教材課文和

課后閱讀練習。每篇文章后有5個問題，要求學生從題后的四個選項中選出一個最符合題意的

答案（共20題，每題2分。

III.詞匯與結構

由30個小題組成，每個小題留有一空白處，要求從四個選項中選出一個最佳答案填入空

白，使句子意思完整。其中一些題目選自于教材配套的輔導與練習冊后的測試卷詞匯與語法部

分（共30題，每題1分）。

IV.辨別錯誤

每題由1至2個句子組成，有4個劃線部分用A、B、C、D標出，其中一處有錯誤，請選

出，不需要改正。其中一些題目選自于教材配套的輔導與練習冊后的測試卷辨別改錯部分（共

10題，每題1分。

V.完型填空

由一篇150-200詞長度的短文組成，短文中有10處空白，每個空白有四個選項，要求學

生在理解短文的基礎上，選擇一個最佳答案，使短文的意思和結構合理完整。短文及題目選自

教材課后的完型填空練習（共10題，每題1分。

七、推薦教材

全國成人高等教育規(guī)劃教材：《現(xiàn)代英語教程》一、二冊及配套的《教學指導與練習冊》一、

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卷形玄/學

二冊；樓光慶主編；外語教學與研究出版社。

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EnglishProficiencyTest(1)

PartIReadingComprehension

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,BCandD.

Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Afterinventingdynamite,Swedish-bornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.However,heforesaw

itsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolate.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorof

dynamite,soin1895,justtwoweeksbeforehisdeath,hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizesto

peoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.Originallytherewerefiveawards:literature,

physics,chemistry,medicine,andpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixty-sevenyearsafterthe

firstawardsceremony.

Nobel'soriginallegacyofninemilliondollarswasinvested,andtheinterestonthissumis

usedfortheawardswhichvaryfrom$30,000to$125,000.

EveryyearonDecember10,theanniversaryofNobel'sdeath,theawards(goldmedal,illuminated

diplomaandmoney)arepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthe

judges*decisions.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards,butrela-

tivelyfewliteratureprizes.

Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarII.Somepeoplehave

wontwoprizes,butthisisrare;othershavesharedtheirprizes.

1.Whendidthefirstawardceremonytakeplace?

A.1895.B.1901.

C.1962.D.1968.

2.WhywastheNobelprizeestablished?

A.Torecognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanity.

B.Toresolvepoliticaldifferences.

C.Tohonortheinventorofdynamite.

D.Tospendmoney.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Awardsvaryinmonetaryvalue.

B.CeremoniesareheldonDecember10tocommemorateNobel'sinvention.

C.Politicscanplayanimportantroleinselectingthewinners.

D.Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.

4.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?

A.Literature.B.Peace.

C.Economics.D.Science.

5.Inhowmanyfieldsareprizesbestowed?

A.2.B.5.

C.6.D.10.

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Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thenextgreatlandareathatmanhopestocolonizeisthemoon.Insizeitisnearlyequaltothearea

ofNorthandSouthAmericas.However,itpresentsahostileenvironment.Tempera-turesrangefrom

+120℃to-150℃degreesCentigrade.Thereisnoail；nowater

Todaythereisconsiderablescientificspeculationaboutlivingonthemoon.Whenmanwillbegin

lifeonthelunarsurfaceisstillnotdetermined.Butexpertsbelievethatcolonizationwilltakeplacein

threesteps.First,therewillbeincreasingperiodsofexplorationwithtemporaryshelters.Theseperiods

willbefollowedbylongerstayswithhousingunderthesurfaceofthemoonanddailynecessitiesbrought

bythecolonizersthemselves.Finally,coloniesthatareself-supportingwillbeestablished.

Theprincipaljoboftheearlysettlerswillbetostayalive.Theywillhavetoplantcropsunderhuge

domestoproducefoodandoxygenandfindwatersources.Afterthisisdone,thesettlerswillhavetimeto

explorethepossibilitiesofcommercialdevelopmentandtomakediscov-eriesimportanttoscience.

Thecharacteristicsofthemoonthatmakeitbadforhumansurvivalmaymakeitidealforcertain

kindsofmanufacturing.Operationsrequiringavacuum,extremecold,orsterilityareexamples.

Precisionballbearings,industrialdiamondsorphannaceuticalsmightbeproducedonthemoon.

6.Theareaofthemoonis

A.aboutthesameasthatofNorthandSouthAmericas

B.largerthanthatofNorthandSouthAmericas

C.equaltothatofNorthandSouthAmericas

D.farsmallerthanthatofNorthandSouthAmericas

7.Thetemperatureonthemooncanbeashighas

A.-150℃B.+270℃

C.+120℃D.-30℃

8.Accordingtothispassage,thecolonizationofthemoon一

A.willsoonberealized

B.canbedoneunderthelunarsurface

C.isbeingspeculatedbymanyscientists

D.soundsentirelyimpossible

9.Tostayaliveonthemoon,theearlysettlersmustfirstofallbeableto一

A.developcommerce

B.getenoughfood,oxygenandwater

C.makediscoveriesimportanttoscience

D.explorethepossibilitiesofindustrialdevelopment

10.Thoughtheenvironmentonthemoonisbadforhumansurvival,itisverygoodfor

A.makingsuchthingsasindustrialdiamonds

B.allkindsofmanufacturedgoods

C.medicaloperations

D.commercialdevelopment

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Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

InSwitzerland,sixmileswestofGeneva,liesacollectionoflaboratoriesandbuildings,andmost

curiousofall,acircularmoundofearthmorethan650feetindiameter.Thisclusterhasuniqueimportance.

ItisEurope'soneandonlyatomiccitydedicatedtoinvestigationoftheatomofpeacefulpurposes.

ThestrangebuildingsbelongtotheEuropeanCouncilforNuclearResearch,morepopularlyknown,

fromitsFrenchinitials,asCERN.Thecouncilwasbornwhenahandfulofstatesmenandscientific

expertsmetinParisin1950.Theiraimwas"toestablishanorganizationprovidingforcollaboration

amongEuropeanstatesinnuclearresearchofapurescientificandfundamentalcharacter'.”

TheCERNagreementwassignedin1953,andworkontheatomiccitybeganin1954.TodayCERN's

facilitiesareamongthemostmodemandthemostdiversifiedintheworld.Impressiveasthescientific

aspectmaybe,therealsignificanceofCERNmayliewiththethousandpeople-thescientists,lab

workers,andadministrativecrewdrawnfromthefourteenmembernations—whopopulateit.British

engineersworksidebysidewithSwisselectricians,Yougoslavnuclearphysicists,andDutch

mathematicians.TheofficiallanguagesareFrenchandEnglish,withGermanasanunofficialthird.But

CERNisnotowerofBabel—thelanguageofscienceisuniversalandall-embracing.

11.TheEuropeanCouncilforNuclearResearchwasevolvedby

A.theofficersoftheUnitedNations

B.agroupofEuropeanscientists

C.thestatesmenandscientistsofSwitzerland

D.ahandfulofstatesmenandscientificexperts

12.CERNwasestablishedwiththeaimofpromoting.

A.nuclearresearchofafundamentalcharacter

B.collaborationamongtheworld'snuclearscientists

C.purestudyinallfieldsofscience

D.bothAandB

13.CERN*sfacilitiesforresearchare

A.limitedbuteffective

B.amongthebestintheworld

C.rapidlyexpanding

D.bothAandC

14.TheselectionsaysthatCERNisnotatowerofBabel,because

A.workisthecommondenominatorofallthestaff

B.thelanguageofscienceisuniversal

C.CERNhasadoptedonlytwoofficiallanguages

D.alltheworkersaredrawnfromonecountry

15.TherealsignificanceofCERNmaylieinitsstaff,becausethey.

A.workininternationalharmony

B.comefromallovertheworld

C.areinvestigatingallphasesofhumanconduct

D.areeliminatingtheproblemsofindividualnationalism

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Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefolhvingpassage：

AdamSmith,writingInthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflabour

andtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.Hegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadein

England.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,afifthgrinds

itatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedistinct

operations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother,itisevenatradebyitselfto

putthemintothepaper.Andtheimportantbusineesofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabout

eighteendistinctoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallpeformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothers

thesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pins

apiece.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdvisionoflabour,they

certainlycouldnot,eachofthem,havemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflabour,providedthatitisnottakentoofar,isanefficientway

oforganisingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthis,buthealsotookitfor

grantedthatdivisionoflabourisinItselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatit

accountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandsstill.Butdivisionof

labouraddsnothingnew,itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

16.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto.

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionofIabour

B.introducethedivisionof1abourintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabour

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionof1abour

17.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabour

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

18.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto.

A.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

B.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

C.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabour

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

19.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith'smistakewasinbelievingthatthedivisionof

labour

A.wasanefficientwayoforganisingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.inevitablyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

20.Accordingtothewriter,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Divisionoflabourcanenablefewerpeopletomakemorepins.

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B.Divisionoflabouronlyhelpspeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

C.Divisionoflabourisbynomeansresponsibleforeconomicgrowth.

D.Divisionoflabourisanefficientwayoforganisingwork.

PartIIMultipleChoice

Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChooseTheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Themeetingwasputoff,becauseweameetingwithoutJohn.

A.areobjectedtohaveB.wereobjectedtohaving

C.objectedofhaveD.objectedtohaving

2.1shouldhavegonetotheoperayesterday.Itwasverygood.IwishIyesterdayoff.

A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.hadbad

3.Mary'smothergotsick,sosheL

A.calledherpartyonB.calledherpartyof

C.calledherpartyoffD.calledonherparty

4.HaveyouseenHenrylately?Mymotherwantstoknowt

A.howishegettingalongB.howheisgettingalong

C.whatishegettingalongD.whatheisgettingalong

5.Nancyisn*there.Itfsmyfault.Iforgotallabouther.

A.totelephoneB.totelephonetoC.telephoningD.thetelephoningto

6.Tomisverydiligent.Buthispayisnotforhiswork.

A.enoughgoodB.asgoodenough

C.goodenoughD.goodasenough

7.1cannotcometoyourdinnertonight.Ireallywouldbe,butIhaveadate.

A.gladB.gladtohaveC.gladtodoitD.gladto

8.Weather,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.

A.permitsB.shouldpermitC.willpermitD.permitting

9.Howwillitturnout?Well,itall.

A.dependsB.dependedC.dependonD.isdepending

10.Officialswarnedpeoplecertainwildfruits.

A.nottoeatB.tonoteatC.noteatingD.noeating

11.Theviolinwillhavetobecarefullytunedbeforeit.

A.canbeplayedB.isbeingplayedC.shouldplayD.hastoplay

12.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey*donlyletusknowearlier,atthestation.

A.we'dmeetthemB.wellmeetthem

C.we*dhavemetthemD.we'dmetthem

13.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowheuntilyesterday.

A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.comes

14.I'mdisappointedwiththenewofficerselectedinourclub,butthere'snopoint_____aboutit.

A.toworryB.inworryingC.withusworryingD.ifweworry

15.Whathappenedtohismachine?Itneeds.

A.toheatB.tobehotC.tobehottedD.tobeheated

16.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishIsoearly.

9

i世玄/歲

A.didn*tleaveB.haven*tleftC.hadn*tleftD.couldn'tleave

17.Takethisbagandyoucanfindenoughspace.

A.hangitwhichB.hangitthereC.hangitinwhichD.hangitwherever

18.Ihaveaswimmingsuittothecleaners.

A.besendtoB.sendtoC.besenttoD.besendingto

19.ThereasonIplantogoisifIdon't.

A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointed

C.becauseshewillhaveadisappointmentD.onaccountshewillbedisappointed

20.Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesleepy.

A.haven'twatchedB.didn'twatchC.haveseenD.wouldn'twatch

21.Ifitanothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.didsee

22.IwishItostudymathematicsyearsago.

A.couldgoB.canstartC.hadstartedD.started

23.Thehouseisdark;theBrownstobed.

A.shouldgoB.shouldhavegoneC.mustgoD.musthavegone

24.Let'ssayyoucouldgothereagain,howfeel?

A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou

25.I'dgetitforyouIcouldrememberwholastborrowedit.

A.exceptthatB.ifonlyC.onconditionthatD.consideringwhether

26.Thestreetsareallwet.Itduringthenight.

A.mustberainingB.musthavebeenrainC.hadtorainD.musthaverained

27.1guessJonesdidn'thaveachancetowintheelection.thepeopleinthecityvotedfor

hisopponent.

A.AlmostallofB.MostallofC.MostofallD.Almostthewholeof

28.Thecottagewillbecold.Makesuretheheater.

A.youlightB.lightingC.you'lllightDforlighting

29.Thankyouforyourpresent,but.

A.youshouldn'thavedonethatByouhavedoneitalready

C.youdon'tdoit,pleaseDyoushoulddoit

30.Withtheradar,wecandetectobjectsaway.

A.hundre