第二篇語法突破方案句法(二)謂語動詞的時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)語境悟語法考點跟蹤練語境實戰(zhàn)練課標(biāo)考點導(dǎo)圖課標(biāo)考點導(dǎo)圖語境悟語法考點一動詞的各種形式1.動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞1謂語動詞的時態(tài)類別規(guī)則例詞動詞原形無任何詞形變化be,learn,see第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞原形后加-srun→runs,like→likes以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動詞后加-esteach→teaches,go→goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將y變?yōu)閕,再加-esstudy→studies,carry→carries特殊變化

have→has現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動詞原形后加-ingread→reading,drink→drinking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,去掉e,再加-inglive→living,write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ingsit→sitting,shop→shopping以ie結(jié)尾的動詞,先將ie變?yōu)閥,再加-ingdie→dying,lie→lying語境悟語法2.動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)變化情況規(guī)則例詞規(guī)則變化在動詞原形后加-edwork→worked→worked以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將y變?yōu)閕,再加-edcarry→carried→carried以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-dlive→lived→lived以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-edstop→stopped→stopped,plan→planned→planned不規(guī)則變化AAA型(即原形、過去式與過去分詞均同形)cut→cut→cut,put→put→putABB型(即過去式與過去分詞同形)think→thought→thoughtABC型(即原形、過去式與過去分詞均不同形)do→did→done,go→went→goneABA型(即原形與過去分詞同形)come→came→come,run→ran→run語境悟語法考點二一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時?用法總結(jié)?時態(tài)構(gòu)成用法及標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時①主語+動詞原形/動詞的三單形式(+其他)②主語+am/is/are+其他①表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作②表示客觀事實或普遍真理③在時間/條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來[標(biāo)志詞:often,usually,sometimes,onceaweek等]一般過去時①主語+動詞過去式(+其他)②主語+was/were+其他①表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài);表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作②在時間狀語從句中,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時[標(biāo)志詞:yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,in2020,justnow等]現(xiàn)在完成時主語+have/has+過去分詞(+其他)①表示動作在說話之前已完成,并對現(xiàn)在有影響②表示動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能繼續(xù)進行下去[標(biāo)志詞:ever,yet,never,already,recently,sofar,in/during/over+時間段,for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語等]1.Todaymoreandmoreforeigners

(be)interestedinChinesefolkmusic.

2.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe

(reach)Shanghaitomorrow.

3.Thelittleboy

(sit)downandreadthebookaboutanimals.

4.(2025遂寧改編)Sofar,ourcountry

(make)greateffortsintheenvironmentalprotectionofrivers.

5.AuntGinahaslivedinthistownformorethansixtyyears,soshe

(know)itverywell.

語境悟語法arereaches?語境體悟?sathasmadeknows6.Klausreturnedeverydaythatweekand

(bring)morefriendseachtime.

7.—HaveyouevervisitedShenyangEXPOGarden?—Yes,I

(visit)itlastyear.

8.MyEnglish

(improve)alotsinceIusedmyteacher’s“ThreeStepsinLearningEnglish”advice.

語境悟語法broughtvisitedhasimproved語境悟語法考點三現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、一般將來時?用法總結(jié)?時態(tài)構(gòu)成用法及標(biāo)志詞現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞(+其他)表示說話時刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作[標(biāo)志詞:now,look,listen,thesedays,atthemoment等]過去進行時主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞(+其他)表示過去某一時刻、某一階段正在進行的動作[標(biāo)志詞:atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,at…o’clockyesterdayevening等]一般將來時①主語+will/shall+動詞原形(+其他)②主語+am/is/aregoingto+動詞原形(+其他)①表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)②表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作[標(biāo)志詞:tomorrow,nextweek,in+時間段,in2028等]語境悟語法【小貼士】短暫性動詞與時間段連用或用于howlong提問的疑問句中時,要轉(zhuǎn)換成對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,常見的短暫性動詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換如下:arrive→behere

begin/start→beon

die→bedead

leave→beaway

goout→beoutfinish/end→beover

getup→beup

puton→wear/bein

open→beopenjoin→bein/beamemberof

close→beclosed

borrow→keep

buy/get→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)

marry→bemarried

fallill/sick/asleep→beill/sick/asleep語境悟語法1.Takethemedicineandyourheadache

(disappear)soon.

2.—Couldyoupleasehelpmewithmymath?—Howabout20minuteslater?I

(work)onmyscienceprojectrightnow.

3.—It’stimetogo.Iseverybodyhere?—No,Helenisn’there.She

(arrive)inhalfanhour.

4.YesterdaywhenIgothomefromwork,mybrother

(go)outfordinner,soheinvitedmetojoinhim.

willdisappear?語境體悟?amworkingwillarrivewasgoing語境悟語法5.—Doyouknowwheremycamerais?—Oh,yoursister

(take)photoswithitnow.

6.Hecameacrossanunknownpoemwhilehe

(search)forsomethingelse.istakingwassearching語境悟語法2被動語態(tài)考點一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法?用法總結(jié)?1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以動詞do為例):時態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+done一般過去時was/were+done一般將來時will/shallbe+done或am/is/aregoingtobe+done含情態(tài)動詞的情態(tài)動詞+be+done語境悟語法2.使用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。(2)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.水稻種植在中國南方。(3)動作的發(fā)出者是某個事物。語境悟語法3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法【小貼士】有些感官動詞/使役動詞(如hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主動語態(tài)中作謂語時,其后用省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須將to還原。語境悟語法1.Thefirsttelephone

(invent)byAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.

2.—DoyouknowtheSpringFestivalbecameaUNfloatingholidayin2024?—Yes.TheSpringFestival

(celebrate)widelyintheworldnowadays.

3.Thefutureofeducation

(influence)greatlyasAItechnologiesdevelopquickly.

4.Ifthesciencefictionfilm

(translate)intoEnglish,itwillbepopulararoundtheworld.

5.(2025德陽改編)Abridge

(build)inmyhometownlastyear,makingiteasiertotravelaround.

wasinvented?語境體悟?iscelebratedwillbeinfluencedistranslatedwasbuilt語境悟語法6.TheteainYunnanissofamousthatit

(send)todifferentplacesacrosstheworldeveryday.

7.—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivitylastSunday.—Yes,it

(organize)byourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.

8.DuringtheTangDynasty,nearlyeverythingproducedintheworldcould

(find)onthestreetsofChang’an.

issentwasorganizedbefound語境悟語法考點二主動形式表被動意義?用法總結(jié)?1.look,smell,feel,taste,sound等系動詞用主動形式表被動意義。2.“need/require+doing”意為“……需要被做”,表被動意義,相當(dāng)于“need/require+tobedone”。Thedoorwasbrokenanditneededrepairing/toberepaired.門壞了,需要修理。3.“某物+write/open/sell等+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)為主動形式,可表被動意義。ThetoyshopopenseverydayexceptMonday.這家玩具店除了周一每天都營業(yè)。語境悟語法1.Manypeoplewerebadlyhurtinthecaraccident.Someofthemneeded

(operate)onatonce.

2.—Howdoyoufindthiskindofpen?—It

(write)sowellthateveryoneinourclasshasgotone.

3.—Whatdoyouthinkofthepoem?—It’salittlebitlong,butanyway,it

(read)well.

operating/tobeoperated?語境體悟?writesreadsⅠ.用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.(2025安徽改編)—Therobots

(race)eachothertothefinishline.

—Howexciting!Ourrobotisgoingtowin.2.Itseemsthatfamiliesare

(spend)moreandmoretimetogether.

3.(2025黑龍江改編)WhenLiLeicameintotheroom,hisfriends

(prepare)forhisbirthdayparty.

4.Aftergoingthroughtensofthousandsoftries,Zhouandhisteam

(succeed)atlast.

5.I

(wash)thedisheswhilemysisterwassweepingthefloor.

考點跟蹤練areracingspendingwerepreparingsucceededwaswashing6.(2025云南改編)ThefilmNeZha2isworthseeing.I

(see)itthreetimessofar.

7.Nowadays,somebestresearchreportsonphysics,biology,andmath

(write)inEnglish.

8.InChina,teenagershavetobe18yearsoldbeforethey

(allow)todriveacar.

9.(2025福建改編)Sincelastyear,ourschool

(offer)freebreakfaststostudentsinneed.

10.Theartistsare

(encourage)totellgoodChinesestoriesintheirfavoriteartforms.

考點跟蹤練haveseenarewrittenareallowedhasofferedencouragedⅡ.從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Itwasshethatstolethebox.Shewas

toeveryone!

2.Sofar,thegirl

5offersfromthetopuniversitiesintheworldlikeHarvardUniversityandUniversityofOxford.

3.(2025連云港改編)Aspeoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontoculturaltreasures,theindustryofancientbookrepairing

fastinChinanow.

4.(2024綏化改編)Hewillbemuchhealthierifhe

enoughexerciseinhisfreetime.

考點跟蹤練lyinghasreceivedisdevelopinghelp

eat

take

ask

receive

lie

develop

create

clean

watertakes5.(2024福建改編)WhenIsawXiaoWangyesterday,he

anoldmancrosstheroad.

6.(2025廣元改編)Alotofnewwords

everyyear.Forexample,“taikonaut”means“Chineseastronaut”.

7.(2024牡丹江改編)—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat,Mr.Song?—No,thanks.I’mnothungry.I

somezongzialready.

8.(2024達州改編)—Bob,yourroomissodirty.Itmust

everyday.

—OK,Mom.I’lldoitrightnow.考點跟蹤練washelpingarecreatedhaveeatenhelp

eat

take

ask

receive

lie

develop

create

clean

waterbecleaned9.(2025北京改編)—Peter,didyouplaytabletenniswithyourfriendsafterschoolyesterday?—No,Ididn’t.We

vegetablesinourschoolgarden.

10.(2024江西改編)Tedpreferredpopmusicwhenhe

abouthisfavoritemusicintheinterview.

考點跟蹤練wateredwasaskedhelp

eat

take

ask

receive

lie

develop

create

clean

waterⅠ.用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.AcleverEnglishlearneroften

(guess)themeaningsofthenewwordswhenhereads.

2.WehadaschooltriplastmonthandI

(enjoy)everyminuteofit.

3.WhenMomcamehome,Danny

(play)thepianointhelivingroom.

4.Theyalsolookforwaystoreviewwhatthey

(learn).

5.TomorrowI’llvisitmygrandparents.I

(play)chesswithmygrandpa.

6.(2025揚州)Recently,moreandmorepeoplehave

(choose)tovisitYangzhouduringholidays.

語境實戰(zhàn)練guessesenjoyedwasplayinghavelearned/learntwillplaychosen7.—Theplanforthesummerstudytripmay

(cancel).

—Really?I’mlookingforwardtoit.8.Thebook

(read)bymanypeopleandwaslovedforitsinterestingstory.

9.—Tom,hurryup!Thetrafficwillbebusysoonandwemaybelatefordinner.—Waitaminute,Mom.I

(tidy)mybookshelf,andI’llbereadyinaminute.

10.Mostoftherubbishinthistown

(recycle)everydaythroughtherainbowrecyclingsystem.

語境實戰(zhàn)練becanceled/cancelledwasreadamtidyingisrecycled11.(2025樂山改編)—Timefordinner,mygirl.Pleasetellyourfatherthatdinnerisready.—Waitaminute,Mom.Mydad

(answer)aphonecall.

12.(2025揚州改編)DuringGuyu,thetemperatureusually

(rise)alotandrainincreases.

13.(2025天津改編)Themobilephone

(ring)whenIwasmakingacakewithmymother.

14.China’sBeijingLibrary

(regard)asthemostanticipatedpubliclibrarynowadays.

語境實戰(zhàn)練isansweringrisesrangisregarded15.(2025連云港改編)Themini-programme“ClearPlate”ispopularamongyoungpeople.It

(design)tohelpdealwithfoodwaste.

語境實戰(zhàn)練isdesignedⅡ.短文填空LyuLinyouisascientistwhohelpsprotecttheenvironmentinZhangwuCounty.

ZhangwuCounty1.

ontheedgeoftheHorqinSandyLand.Sandstormsandduststorms2.

abigprobleminthepast.Atonepoint,95%ofthecountywascoveredindesertland.

語境實戰(zhàn)練sitsweresit

get

be

call

create

continue

know

learn

graduate

help

studyIn2004,LyuLinyou3.

fromcollegeandhewasonly24yearsoldthen.Theplacehestartedworkingwas4.

theProvincialInstitute(研究院)ofSandyLandUse.Hehasworkedthereformorethan20yearsuptonow.Nowadays,theinstituteis5.

astheSandControlandUsageResearchInstituteoftheLiaoningAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.

WhenLyuLinyoufirstcametothecounty,hedidn’tknowmuchabouthowtocontrolsand.Butwiththehelpofhiscolleagues(同事)andlocalfarmers,hequickly6.

howtodoit.

語境實戰(zhàn)練graduatedcalledsit

get

be

call

create

continue

know

learn

graduate

help

studyknownlearned/learntInordertofindthebestgrassandherbs(草藥)forhelpingthegrasslandsinZhangwuCountygrowback,Lyuhas7.

morethan400differentplantstillnow.Hetestedthemandfoundmorethan50plantsthatworkreallywell.Toourjoy,hisworkshowshowscience8.

protecttheearthandmakelifebetterforever.Becauseofhishardwork,thegrasslandsintheareaare9.

healthierdaybyday.

語境實戰(zhàn)練studiedsit

get

be

call

create

continue

know

learn

graduate

help

studyhelpsgetting“ThoughIhavemadegreatprogress,Iwill10.

toworkhardnon-stoptomakesurethattheenvironmentisgettingbetterandbetter,”hesaid.“AndIamsurethiswillalso11.

newjobsforthepeopleinthisareainthefuture.”

語境實戰(zhàn)練continuesit

get

be

call

create

continue

know

learn

graduate

help

studycreateⅢ.語法填空AIntheareaofQian,therewerenodonkeys(驢).Amanboughtonefromsomewhereelse,1.

soonhefoundituseless.Soheleftthedonkeyatthefoot2.

amountain.

Atigerinthemountainhadnever3.

(see)adonkeybefore.He4.

(think)itwasahugemonsterandfeltscared.Sothetiger5.

(hide)himselfinthewoods.Hesawthedonkeydonothing,buthestillcouldn’tmakesureifitwassafe.

語境實戰(zhàn)練butofseenthoughthidOneday,whenthetigerwas6.

(watch)thedonkey,itsuddenlybrayed(嘶叫)loudly.Thetigerwasveryfrightenedandthoughthewould7.

(eat)bythedonkey.However,thedonkeywasstillat8.

sameplace,withoutmovingatall.

Thetigeragaingotclosetothedonkeysl