2023年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.問題1選項A.AccordingtoB.CarryingonC.LookingthroughD.Puttingout2.單選題WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?問題1選項A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsiderB.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackagesC.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouseD.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats問題2選項A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.問題3選項A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.問題4選項A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.問題5選項A.ShortofvisionB.LateandincompleteC.LackinginconsistencyD.Exhaustivebutineffective3.單選題Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.問題1選項A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockpriceB.itsself-examinationofthesoulC.itsneglectofsocialresponsibilityD.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom問題2選項A.controversyB.fearC.disasterD.solution問題3選項A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuringB.issuedarecordpromotingviolenceC.advocatedthecultureofthestreetD.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety問題4選項A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpressionB.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiativeC.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompanyD.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard問題5選項A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompanyB.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibilityC.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompaniesD.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided4.翻譯題BeforeeveryNewYearormajorcelebration,therewouldbeageneralcleaning.Theroomcouldusuallybekepttidyforacoupleofmonths,butoftenitwasamatterofonlyafewdaysbeforetheroomwasamessagain,andthatwasmainlyduetothosebooks,pilesofbooks,everywhere.WheneverIwasoutonbusiness,Icouldn’thelpgoingtobookstores,andonceIwasthere,Icouldneverresistthetemptationofbuyingmore.Newbooks,booksthatIhadathoughtofreading,booksofwhichIonlyfinishedhalf,booksneededformywriting,andbooksthathadvaluestokeeptookupmostofthespaceinmyroom,andtheywereeverexpanding,eatingupallthetimetheremainingpartofmyroomthatprovidedtheminimumspaceformeasthedwellerthere.Isn’tthisaninvasion?ButIacceptedinvasionofsuchkindwithcomfortandpleasure.5.單選題“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.12.Thethirdparagraph（）.13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph（）.15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（）.問題1選項A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomenB.taketheinitiativeincourtshipC.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare問題2選項A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraphB.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraphC.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraphD.contradictsthelastparagraph問題3選項A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomenB.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraphC.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraphD.disowntheideasheisexpressing問題4選項A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeologyB.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehaveC.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjokeD.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer問題5選項A.approvesofB.arguesisnaturalC.completelyrejectsD.expectstogoonchanging6.單選題

Thegirlbegantocryandtearsslowly（）downherface.問題1選項A.oozedB.trickledC.dribbledD.leaked7.單選題Somepeoplewerejustborntorebel;CharlesDarwinwasoneofthem.（16）NicholasCopernicus,BenjaminFranklinandBillGates.Theywere（17）“l(fā)aterborns”--thatis,theyhad（18）oneoldersibling--brotherorsister--whentheywereborn.（19）,laterbornsareupto15timesmorelikelythanfirstbornsto（20）authorityandbreaknew（21）,saysFrankJ.Sulloway,aresearcherscholarattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Inhisbook“BornToRebel”being（22）thisweek,Sullowayclaimsthat（23）someoneisanolderoryoungersiblingisthemostimportant（24）shapingpersonalityismoresignificantthangender,race,nationality（25）class.Hespent26years（26）thelives--andbirthorders--of6,566historical（27）toreachhisconclusions.Alaterbornhimself,Sullowayfirst（28）howbirthorderaffectedpersonality（29）ascholarofDarwinatHarvardUniversity.“Howcouldasomewhat（30）studentatCambridgebecomethemost（31）thinkerinthe19thcentury?”hesaid.Darwin,thefirstto（32）thebeliefthatGodcreatedtheworldwithhistheoryofevolution,wasthefifthofsixchildren.Mostofhis（33）werefirstborns.Sulloway’stheoryheld（34）withCopernicus,thefirstastronomerto（35）thattheSunwasthecenteroftheuniverse,andcomputerrevolutionaryGatesofMicrosoft.問題1選項A.LikewiseB.LikelyC.AlikeD.Unlike問題2選項A.bothB.neitherC.allD.either問題3選項A.atbestB.atleastC.atmostD.atworst問題4選項A.InshortB.IndetailC.InallD.Infact問題5選項A.resistB.declineC.fleeD.prevent問題6選項A.baseB.landC.soilD.ground問題7選項A.dismissedB.releasedC.dischargedD.reminded問題8選項A.whetherB.ifC.sinceD.when問題9選項A.roleB.partC.factorD.case問題10選項A.besidesB.orC.exceptD.but問題11選項A.perceivingB.watchingC.arrangingD.studying問題12選項A.numbersB.figuresC.experiencesD.recordings問題13選項A.wonderedB.describedC.requestedD.posed問題14選項A.onB.asC.aboutD.by問題15選項A.neutralB.brilliantC.commonplaceD.promising問題16選項A.questionableB.evolutionaryC.traditionalD.revolutionary問題17選項A.provokeB.summonC.challengeD.reinforce問題18選項A.followersB.counterpartsC.opponentsD.proponents問題19選項A.exactB.trueC.genuineD.real問題20選項A.theorizeB.originateC.inventD.propose8.單選題Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.問題1選項A.omittedB.missedC.neglectedD.discarded9.單選題OnJanuary1st,manypeoplemakeaNewYear（）.問題1選項A.intentionB.determinationC.dedicationD.resolution10.單選題

Inthiscountryitisagainstthe（）nottowearseatbeltsinacar.問題1選項A.ruleB.regulationC.lawD.order11.單選題Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.問題1選項A.renewB.arouseC.advocateD.stimulate12.翻譯題Readingisnottheonlywaytoacquireknowledgeofprecedingwork.Thereisanotherlargereservoirwhichmaybecalledexperience,andthecollegestudentwillfindthateverycraftsmanhassomethinghecanteachandwillgenerallyteachgladlytoanycollegestudentwhodoesnotlookdownuponthemwithill-concealeddistain.Theinformationfromthesequartersdiffers,fromthatin,textbooksandpaperschieflyinthatitstheoreticalpart—theexplanationsofwhythingshappen—isfrequentlyquitefantastic.Butthedemonstrationandreportofwhathappens,andhowithappens,aresoundevenifthereportsareincompletelyunscientificterms.Presentlythecollegestudentwilllearn,inthiscasealso,whattoacceptandwhattoreject.OneimportantthingforacollegestudenttorememberisthatifAristotecouldtalktothefisherman,socanhe.Anothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownfromfather,toson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolkore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexplore,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsfromwildweeds.13.單選題Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.問題1選項A.franklyB.emphaticallyC.determinedlyD.convincingly14.單選題CementwasseldomusedinbuildingduringtheMiddleAges.問題1選項A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically15.翻譯題Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andInternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.Today,anyonewithadigitcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilutebytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulartechnologiesthatgivealmosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransitimages.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historianshaveexploredthestoryofmankind’smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecades,wehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatis“betterthanprint,”assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifweareindeedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveonculture?第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Accordingto“根據(jù)……”；B選項Carryingon“繼承，開始實施”；C選項Lookingthrough“瀏覽，溫習(xí)”；D選項Puttingout“撲滅，搏出”。句意：根據(jù)新規(guī)定，你每個月可以享受三天的帶薪病假。A選項與劃線詞的詞義最接近，因此A選項符合題意。2.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】6.判斷推理題。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提議的延長項目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者對這一項目持的是肯定態(tài)度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一項措施不僅能立即提振經(jīng)濟(jì)，還能立即救濟(jì)那些最需要幫助的人）說明了這一項目的好處，指出這一項目是解決兩大問題的措施；然后，作者批評了第107屆國會Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（這是第107屆國會最大的失敗之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一屆國會應(yīng)當(dāng)重新考慮并采納這一項目，因此A選項“即將到來的國會應(yīng)該重新考慮”正確。B選項“被排除在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計劃之外”；C選項“由眾議院精心設(shè)計的救濟(jì)計劃”以及D選項“由共和黨和民主黨共同提出”，都是不正確的。7.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本題實際上考查的是對第一段最后一句中的主語it所指的理解。該段在提出提議的延長項目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（參議院在11月份休會之前批準(zhǔn)了這樣一個項目?？杀娮h院卻不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是這種參議院批準(zhǔn)而眾議院否決該項目的情況，因此B選項“失業(yè)保險延期未獲批準(zhǔn)”正確。A選項“眾議院不同意參議院的意見”；C選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有得到提振”以及D選項“沒有向有需要的人提供救濟(jì)”都與原文不符，也無法由原文合理推知。8.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到細(xì)節(jié)題第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（該法案將不僅涉及聯(lián)邦項目中登記的人，還包括提供13周的援助給在新的一年里那些失去國家福利的人。）可知，該法案不但覆蓋了那些已經(jīng)在聯(lián)邦項目中登記了的人，也為那些在新的一年中將失去州救濟(jì)金的人提供13周的援助。再來對照選項，D選項“失業(yè)工人，有或沒有聯(lián)邦福利”覆蓋最完整，因此正確。A選項“只有那些參加了聯(lián)邦計劃的人”；B選項“估計有95000名失業(yè)的工人”以及C選項“只有那些耗盡了國家資助的福利的人”均不完整。9.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（眾議院也應(yīng)該這樣做。眾議院去年抱怨的一個問題是，克林頓-尼克爾斯法案耗資50億美元，太昂貴了?？紤]到眾議院共和黨人所考慮的減稅成本，這是荒謬的。）這一段提到了眾議院對Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，認(rèn)為這一法案耗資太大。作者也表明了自己的看法認(rèn)為它很荒唐，然后說明了原因。其言下之意很明顯：眾議院共和黨提出的減稅計劃耗資比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他們認(rèn)為后者耗資大才顯得荒唐可笑。因此C選項“它的減稅提議代價更大”正確。A選項“它提供的理由在很大程度上是無關(guān)緊要的”；B選項“克林頓?尼克爾斯的法案太昂貴了”以及D選項“這項法案的成本估計只有50億美元”都與原文不符，也無法由原文推知。10.判斷推理題。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后來，他終于要求國會為這些工人延長該計劃，并使福利從12月28日起生效。）中提到布什總統(tǒng)最后終于要求國會延長該項目，并于12月28日開始發(fā)放救濟(jì)金。因前面已說過對許多失業(yè)工人的救濟(jì)將在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故據(jù)此即可推知布什總統(tǒng)的要求已經(jīng)太遲了。接著，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的態(tài)度That'snotenough.(那還不夠)，并詳細(xì)說明了布什總統(tǒng)的計劃的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)的計劃不完善。因此C選項“缺乏穩(wěn)定性”正確。A選項“缺乏遠(yuǎn)見”；B選項“遲到和不完整的”以及D選項“詳盡的但無效”三項都無法由原文推知。3.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（這是一種自我反省，在不同時期，涉及到責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和企業(yè)底線等問題。）通過這句話我們可以推測出，華納對于自己社會責(zé)任的無視，因此C選項“對社會責(zé)任的忽視”正確。而A選項“它提高了公司的股票價格”，這是確有其事，但并不是議員批評它的原因；B選項“它的靈魂的自我反省”，他們有沒有反省并不確定；D選項“它強調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由”，這個也不是參議員的觀點。2.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（對他來說，說唱帶來的不安并沒有使生活變得更輕松。）并且后文講述了華納因為發(fā)行的一些說唱歌曲而遭到抨擊，因此說唱給他帶來的應(yīng)該是不好的事，因此A選項“爭論”正確。B選項“恐懼”，不符合原意；C選項“不幸，災(zāi)難”，語義過重；D選項“解決方案”，和原文不搭。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，時代華納因發(fā)行Ice-T的暴力說唱歌曲《警察殺手》而遭到抨擊。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因為他出版了鼓勵暴力的唱片。因此B選項“發(fā)布了一個宣揚暴力的唱片”正確。A選項“由于重組而被解雇的工人”；C選項“提倡街頭文化”以及D選項“挑戰(zhàn)民主社會的言論自由”都不正確。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有跡象表明，主席正在放棄他的強硬立場，至少在某種程度上是這樣。）因此B選項“他緩和了語氣，提出了一些新方案”正確。A選項“堅定捍衛(wèi)言論自由的立場”；C選項“屈服于反對意見，從公司辭職”以及D選項“請求15名董事會成員無條件支持”都不是真實的。5.判斷推理題。從最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我們中的一些人已經(jīng)知道很多很多年了，第一修正案規(guī)定的自由并不是完全的），可知，憲法第一修正案中的言論自由不是沒有限制的，因此他們應(yīng)該同時考慮社會責(zé)任，對公司來說利益和社會責(zé)任通常不能兼顧。因此A選項“在公司里，利潤和社會責(zé)任很少能齊頭并進(jìn)”正確。B選項“很少有人關(guān)心企業(yè)的責(zé)任”，過于片面；C選項“關(guān)于時代華納政策的辯論很快就會牽涉到其他公司”，沒有提及；D選項“時代華納董事會對公司的政策意見不一”，不是真正的內(nèi)涵。4.【答案】每年新年或重大慶典前，都會進(jìn)行大掃除。房間通常能保持幾個月的整潔，但往往只是幾天的事情，房間就又亂了，這主要是因為那些書，成堆的書，到處都是。每當(dāng)我出差的時候，我就忍不住要去書店，而一旦我到了那里，我就無法抗拒買更多東西的誘惑。新書，我想讀的書，我只完成了一半的書，我寫作所需要的書，還有那些有價值的書占據(jù)了我房間的大部分空間，而且它們一直在擴大，一直吞噬著我房間的剩余部分，而這些部分為我作為那里的居民提供了最小的空間。這不是入侵嗎？但我以舒適和愉快的心情接受了這種入侵。5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān)）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個地位，因此C選項“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項“在求愛中采取主動”，亦沒有提及；D選項“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。12.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進(jìn)入某個領(lǐng)域或從事某項壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認(rèn)的優(yōu)勢所建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項“和第一段沒有關(guān)系”；C選項“重復(fù)第二段的論點”以及D選項“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會角色的觀點。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點到底是什么。因此C選項“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項“表明男人比女人更強大”，并沒有明確說明；B選項“進(jìn)一步表達(dá)最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項“否認(rèn)他所表達(dá)的觀點”，不正確。14.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes（只是作為人們內(nèi)心對兩性角色區(qū)分的基本正確性的期望的表達(dá)。）因此B選項“說明了人們對男人的期望”正確。A選項“是基于考古學(xué)的研究”；C選項“被作者當(dāng)作一個無關(guān)緊要的笑話而不予理會”以及D選項“這證明了求婚者應(yīng)該是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正確的理解。15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.（有許多客觀證據(jù)表明男性地位的下降。）隨后又舉例說明兩性社會角色在發(fā)生變化，因此D選項“期望繼續(xù)改變”正確。最后一段作者承認(rèn)引文的觀點自古就有，但他認(rèn)為這種關(guān)系正在變化，因此A選項“同意”；B選項“認(rèn)為是自然的”以及C選項“完全拒絕”都不正確。6.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項oozed“滲出，泄漏（有慢慢滲出來的意思）”；B選項trickled“滴，細(xì)細(xì)地流”；C選項dribbled“流（口水）；滴下”；D選項leaked“使?jié)B漏，泄露”。句意：女孩哭了起來，眼淚慢慢地從臉上_____。只有B選項可以與后面的down搭配，意為“一滴滴落下”；A選項與out搭配，表示“泄漏”；C選項一般后面不跟介詞；D選項與out搭配，意為“漏出”。而本句表達(dá)的是“眼淚一滴滴滑落”，因此B選項符合題意。7.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A第6題:D第7題:B第8題:A第9題:C第10題:B第11題:D第12題:B第13題:D第14題:B第15題:C第16題:D第17題:C第18題:C第19題:B第20題:D【解析】16.考查副詞辨析。A選項likewise“同樣地，照樣地”；B選項likely“很可能的”；C選項alike“相同地，相似地”；D選項unlike“不同地，不相似地”。句意：_____，尼古拉?哥白尼，本杰明?弗蘭克林和比爾?蓋茨也都屬于此列。從意思上來看，只有l(wèi)ikewise和alike符合，但二者用法不同：alike一般用作表語，作副詞時一般用于句末。而likewise可以用于句首和句中，在本題是用于句首。因此A選項符合題意。17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項both“兩者都……”；B選項neither“兩者都不……”；C選項all“都”；D選項either“都不……”。句意：他們_____是“排行靠后的人”。英語的both和all都可用于表示“全，都”，上一句話提到了四個人物，但both只能用于兩者，all用于三者或三者以上；neither表示“兩者都不”；either表示“兩者擇其一”，均不合題意；因此C選項符合題意。18.考查短語辨析。A選項atbest“最好”；B選項atleast“至少”；C選項atmost“至多”；D選項atworst“在最壞的情況下”。句意：他們出生的時候_____有一個哥哥或者姐姐。根據(jù)語法知識，可知這句話是用來解釋“l(fā)aterborns”的，所以可推論他們至少應(yīng)該有一個哥哥或姐姐。因此B選項符合題意。19.考查短語辨析。A選項Inshort“簡而言之”；B選項Indetail詳細(xì)地；C選項Inall總共；D選項Infact“事實上”。句意：麻省理工的一位研究學(xué)者弗蘭克?索羅衛(wèi)說，_____，與家里的老大相比，排行靠后的人敢于反對權(quán)威，勇于開辟新天地，這方面比老大強15倍。這句話旨在說明索羅衛(wèi)的研究結(jié)果，表達(dá)的意思是“事實上……”，因此D選項符合題意。20.考查動詞辨析。A選項resist“抵抗，反抗，頂住”；B選項decline“拒絕，下降”；C選項flee“逃跑，逃避”；D選項prevent“阻止”。句意：事實上，后出生的孩子_____權(quán)威和創(chuàng)新的可能性是第一個孩子的15倍。這里表達(dá)的是“反抗權(quán)威”，因此A選項符合題意。其余三項均不能于此空后面的authority形成合理的搭配。21.考查固定搭配。A選項base“基礎(chǔ)，地基”；B選項land“陸地”；C選項soil“土壤”；D選項ground“地面，土地”。句意：事實上，后出生的孩子反抗權(quán)威和_____的可能性是第一個孩子的15倍。breaknewground為固定短語，“開墾處女地，開辟新天地，創(chuàng)新”。因此D選項符合題意。22.考查動詞辨析。A選項dismiss“解散”；B選項release“發(fā)布，發(fā)行，釋放”；C選項discharge“解雇”；D選項remind“提醒”。句意：索羅衛(wèi)的書《生來叛逆》將于本周_____。根據(jù)上下文可知，書的發(fā)行用release，因此B選項符合題意。23.考查連詞辨析。A選項whether“是否”；B選項if“如果”；C選項since“因為”；D選項when“當(dāng)……時”。句意：他宣稱，一個人出生時的排行是靠前還是靠后對其性格塑造是最重要的因素。此處的that后面是一個名詞性從句，名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否/是……還是”的意思是只能用whether而不用if；since和when用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句或時間狀語從句，因此A選項符合題意。24.考查名詞辨析。A選項role“角色”；B選項part“部分”；C選項factor“因素，要素”；D選項case“事例，案例”。句意：他宣稱，一個人出生時的排行是靠前還是靠后對其性格塑造是最重要的_____。根據(jù)上下文不難看出，這里表示的是“因素”，因此C選項符合題意。25.考查連詞辨析。A選項besides“除……之外”；B選項or“或者”；C選項except“除了……”；D選項but“但是”。句意：比性別、種族、國籍或社會階層這些因素更為重要。而這幾種因素在本句中都是并列關(guān)系，因此B選項符合題意。26.考查動詞辨析。A選項perceiving“理解”；B選項watching“觀看”；C選項arranging“安排”；D選項studying“研究”。句意：索羅衛(wèi)花了26年時間____了6566名重要歷史人物的生活以及出生排行，最終得出了上面的結(jié)論。這里表示的是“他研究了這些重要人物的生活”，因此D選項符合題意。27.考查名詞辨析。A選項numbers“數(shù)字”；B選項figures“人物，圖表”；C選項experiences“經(jīng)歷”；D選項recordings“記錄”。句意：索羅衛(wèi)花了26年時間研究了6566名重要歷史_____的生活以及出生排行，最終得出了上面的結(jié)論。這里表達(dá)的是“歷史人物”，因此B選項符合題意，28.考查動詞辨析。A選項wonder“驚奇，想知道”；B選項describe“描述”；C選項request“要求”；D選項pose“提出”。句意：索羅衛(wèi)自己也是“排行靠后的人”，他首先_____出生順序是如何影響性格的這一問題。這里表達(dá)的是“提出問題”，因此D選項符合題意。29.考查介詞辨析。A選項on“在……上”；B選項as“正如，作為”；C選項about“關(guān)于”；D選項by“通過”。句意：(他)_____哈佛大學(xué)專門研究達(dá)爾文的一名學(xué)者。這句話以及本段開頭的都是用來解釋索羅衛(wèi)這個人的，此處的as意為“作為……，以……身份”，是來說明他的身份的，因此B選項符合題意。30.考查形容詞辨析。A選項neutral“中立的”；B選項brilliant“聰明的，明智的”；C選項commonplace“平凡的”；D選項promising“有前途的”。句意：他說：“劍橋大學(xué)一個___