2022年河北省張家口市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級知識點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.TheMysteryoftheMayas

Theruinsofonce-beautifulcitiesintheforestsofCentralAmericatellscientistsmuchabouttheamazingpeoplewhobuiltthem.Buttheydonottellwhythesecitiesweresuddenlyabandonedoveronethousandyearsago.AroundA.D.800,somethingmysterioushappenedtotheMayancivilization.Wallsandfoundationsfornewbuildingswereleftunfinished.Tomodernarcheologists,itlookedasifthecitieshadbeenabandoned.Whathappened?Whatisthepossibleexplanationofthismystery?

EarlyDiscoveries

Inthelate1700's,agroupofexplorerscuttingtheirwaythroughaforestinCentralAmericacameupontheruinsofanancientcity.Underatangleoftreesandvines,theyfoundlarge,welldesignedstonebuildingsandhandsomestonemonuments.Someofthestoneswerecoveredwithastrangekindofwriting.Carvingsonotherstonesshowedthatatleastsomeofthepeoplewholivedinthearealongbeforewerehighlyadvanced.

QuestionsRaised

Inthenext150years,morecitieswerediscovered.Theyseemedtobepartofagreatcivilizationstretchingacross500miles(about800kilometers)offorest.In1881,anEnglishmannamedAlfredMaudslayledthefirstbigscientificexpeditiontostudytheruinsintheforest.Maudslaywasanarcheologist,ascientistwhostudiedtheremainsofancientcommunitiesforcluestohowthepeoplelived.Otherexpeditionsfollowed,butatfirsttheyfoundmorequestionsthananswers:Whobuiltthecities,andwhenthecitieswerebuilt?Howhadthepeoplelivedherein'themiddleofarainforest?Mostpuzzlingofall,whathappenedtothem?

PossibleAnswers

Gradually,someoftheanswershavebeenpiecedtogether.Today,livinginpartsofMexicoandGuatemala,therearebrownskinnedIndianpeoplecalledtheMayas.ScientistsbelievethattheancestorsoftheseIndiansbuiltthecitiesandcarvedthestonemonuments.

DatescarvedonsomemonumentsshowthattheywereputupbetweenA.D.300and800,butbits

ofburiedpotterytellusthattheMayashadlivedinsomeoftheircitiesforhundredsofyearsearlier.AttheheightofMayancivilization,theremusthavebeenovertwomillionpeoplelivinginandaroundhundredsofbeautifultownsandcities.

Archeologistsdigginginthesecitieshaveuncoveredroads,afewwaterreservoirs,andtemplesbuiltoneontopofanother.Handsomepicturesmadeofsculpturedplasterandpaintedinbrightcolorswerefoundonthewallsofbuildings.Paintedpotsandpiecesofcarefullycarvedjewelrywerediscoveredintombsunderthefloorsoftemples.ThesepicturesandobjectsshowedmuchabouttheMayas'life.Therewerescenesofpeopleworking,peopleatwar,noblesholdingcourt,priestsinfantasticcostumesandMayangods.

PossibleErrors

Foralongtime,archeologistsworkedonlyonuncoveringlargeMayanstructures,suchastemples,palaces,andballcourts.Littleeffortwasmadetofindtheremainsofsmallerbuildings,suchashouses.Theseemingabsenceofhousesledpeopletobelievethatthecitieswereonlythehomesofpriestsandrulers,wholivedinthepalaces.Theythoughttheordinarypeopleprobablylivedinthecountrysideandcametothecitiesonlyforreligiousceremonies.

NewEvidence

Inrecentyears,newevidencehasbeenuncoveredatanumberofMayancitiesbydifferentgroupsofarcheologists.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphiahasjustfinishedatwelve-yearstudyofTikal,thebiggestoftheMayancities.Morethanonehundredsmallhousesvaried,too.Somehadmanyremainsoffinelydecoratedpottery.Othershadfewerandplainerpieces.Thehouseswereveryclosetogether,withlittlespacetoraisefood,exceptinsmallgardens.

ChangeofView

ThesenewfindingschangedourpictureofMayanlife.Dr.WilliamR.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

RudolphFisherandWallaceThurmandiedrespectivelyonDecember______and______,193

3.

Speakingwillturnintoapleasantexperienceafteryou______.

A.graduatefromschool

B.flyanairplanealoneforthefirsttime

C.joininsomegroupsinthecommunity

D.getmorespeakingexperiences

4.Thepassageismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenconventionalandorganicfanning.

5.

ThebrainshrinkagecausedbyAlzheimercannowbemeasuredwith______.

A.thehippocampus

B.brainscans

C.mathematicalmodelstoanalyzetheresults

D.volumetricmagneticresonanceimaging

6.

Whenyourmindwastransferredfromyourbraintoamachine,youwouldyourtrainofthought.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Thesecondhypothesisconcerningthe"mapping"abilityofbirdsproposesanideathatbirdsmaybeabletoextractlatitudeandlongitudefrom______.

8.WhatisthebestwaytoreleasestressaccordingtothesuggestionsoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices?

A.Takingexerciseorphysicalactivity.

B.Talkingwithsomeoneaboutyouranxietiesandworries.

C.Makingeveryefforttoeatwellandtogetenoughrest.

D.Learningsomerelaxationtechniques.

9.

Amongthesevenworld-biggestprivatebanks,onlyBCCIwasengagedindrug-relatedfinancialabuse.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Theonlywaytofindoutwhattheworldisreallylikeisto______.

11.Themeaningofbuzzwords,iftheyhave,isbasedonconnotationsinsteadof______.

12.

Forstudentsmajoringincomputerscience,schoolstudyisnotenoughbecause______.

A.aworkingknowledgeofdatasecurityiscritical

B.thosejobsinvolveotherskillsbesidestechnology

C.adegreewillnotguaranteeasuccessfullanding

D.deepskillsarerequiredtomovefluidlywiththejob

13.Pollution:ALifeandDeathIssue

OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureisthewaymanyoftheEarth'senvironmentalcrisesreinforceoneanother.Pollutionisanobviousexample-wedonothavetheoptionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,onasqueaky-cleanplanet,butononeincreasinglytarnishedandtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.

Cuttingwasteandclearinguppollutioncostmoney.Yettimeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgeneratesmuchofthemessinthefirstplace.LivinginawaythatislessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.

Air:theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoorcountries.

Water:diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%ofillnessesanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachildeveryeightseconds.Eachyear2.1millionpeoplediefromdiarrhoeal(痢疾的)diseasesassociatedwithpoorwater.

Soil:contaminatedlandisaprobleminindustrializedcountries,whereformerfactoriesandpowerstationscanleavewastelikeheavymetalsinthesoil.Itcanalsooccurindevelopingcountries,sometimesusedfordumpingpesticides.Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock.Andwhenthecontaminationreachesriversitdamageslifethere,andcanevencreatedeadzonesoffthecoast,asintheGulfofMexico.

ChronicProblem

Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.WhenwethinkofchemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslikeBhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.Onestudysays7-20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorairandpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concernedaboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay"beconductingalarge-scaleexperimentwithchildren'shealth".

Someman-madechemicals,endocrine(內(nèi)分泌)disruptorslikephthalates(酞酸鹽)andnonylphenol-abreakdownproductofspermicides(殺精子劑),cosmeticsanddetergents-areblamedforcausingchangesinthegenitals,ofsomeanimals.Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears-sonoteventheArcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,fromfishtomammals,andtous.

About70,000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1,500newonesappearingannually.Atleast30,000arethoughtnevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheirpossibleriskstopeople.

Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecomeroftheenvironmentalNGOofficelooklikeanyothers.Butthecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoorcommunity'sfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayareresponsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsofpollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocalvolunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherairsamplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspartofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhichtheybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.

InSouthAfrica,asmmanydevelopingandnewlyindustrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhasfailedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustries.Solocalresidents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,havefacedtheproblemofinvestigatingtheirclaimthatindustriesontheirdoorstepsaremakingthemsick.

Trade-off

Butthesnagisthatmodernsocietydemandsmanyofthem,andsomeareessentialforsurvival.Sowhileweinvoketheprecautionaryprinciple,whichalwaysrecommendserringonthesideofcaution,wehavetorecognizetherewillbetrade-offstobemade.

ThepesticideDDTdoesgreatdamagetowildlifeandcanaffectthehumannervoussystem,

A.3millionB.2.1millionC.1.6millionD.3.2million

14.

Thebookhasmorethanoneauthor.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

WidelyusingPrEPsmaycausepotentialproblemslikeethicalissuesand______.

16.

AccordingtoBobbyPeck,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby______.

17.

Elephantsmournforthedeadby______.

18.

Inthispassage,theterm"coalescence"refersto______.

19.NearlyeveryonehasrealizedthatMicrosoftbuyingHotmailhasillustratedtheparadoxofInternet.

20.

______,thecarbohydrates,fats,andproteinsrequiredforenergyproductionandtissuemaintenancecannotbeproperlymetabolized.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：Specialistsinmarketinghavestudiedhowtomakepeoplebuymorefoodinasupermarket.Theydoallkindsofthingsthatyoudonotevennotice.Forexample,thesimple,ordinaryfoodthateverybodymustbuy,likemilk,flourandvegetableoil,isspreadalloverthestore.Youhavetowalkbyallthemoreinteresting—andmoreexpensive—thingsinordertofindwhatyouneed.Themoreexpensivefoodisinpackageswithbrightly-coloredpictures.Thisfoodisplacedateyelevelsoyouseeitandwanttobuyit.Thethingsthatyouhavetobuyanywayareusuallylocatedonahigherorlowershelf.However,candyandotherthingsthatchildrenlikeareonlowershelves.Onestudyshowedthatwhenasupermarketmovedfourproductsfromfloortoeyelevel,itsold78percentmore.

Anotherstudyshowedthatforeveryminuteapersonisinasupermarketafterthefirsthalfhour,sheorhespends$0.50.Ifsomeonestaysfortyminutes,thesupermarkethasanadditional$5.00.Sothestorehasacomfortabletemperatureinsummerandwinter,anditplayssoftmusic.Itisapleasantplaceforpeopletostay—andspendmoremoney.

Somestoreshaveredorpinklightsoverthemeatsothemeatlooksredder.Theyputlightgreenpaperaroundgreenvegetablesandputapplesinredplasticbags.

Sobecarefulinthesupermarket.Youmaygohomewithabagoffoodyouwerenotplanningtobuy.Thesupermarket,notyou,decidedyoushouldbuyit.

(30)

A.Plantssuitableforhumanneeds.

B.Howtobuildshelves.

C.Methodofsellingmoreproducts.

D.Howtoownsupermarket.

22.聽力原文：W:Ican'tbelieveIhavealmostspentall$4,000ofmystudentloan.Thatmoneywassupposedtolastmeallyear.

M:Maybeyoushouldstartlivingwithinyourmeans,likeyou'vebeentoldtimeandtimeagain.

W:Whatdoesthemansuggest?

(15)

A.SheShouldfindajob.

B.Sheshouldjuststopworrying.

C.Sheshouldbemorerealisticwithhermoney.

D.Sheshouldaskformoremoneyfromtheloanoffice.

23.(31)

A.Malesarearrestedaboutfourtimesmorethanfemales.

B.Accordingtothesurvey,61%ofallmenfeelunsafeintheirownneighborhoodsatnight.

C.Morewomenarrestedthanmeninjuvenilerunawaycasesandprostitution.

D.Thepoliceandcourtarerequiredtobemorekindtothefemaleoffenders.

24.(26)

A.Itwasgonecompletely.

B.ItstayedWhereitwasbeforetheearthquake.

C.Itmovedtoanotherplaceandcollapsedtotally.

D.Itkeptstandingtherethoughmoved.

25.

【B6】

26.【B7】

27.(29)

A.Theyarewillingtodonatetheirfaces.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutmoralproblems.

C.Theywouldaccepttheideaoffacetransplant.

D.Theyhavenocluewhatfacetransplantmeans.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：EmilyDickinsonisoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.ShewasborninatypicalNewEnglandvillageinMassachusettsonDecember10,1830.Shewasthesecondchildofthefamily,Shediedinthesamehousefifty-sixyearslater.Duringherlifetimesheneverlefthernativeland.Sheleftherhomestateonlyonce.Shelefthervillageveryfewtimes.Andafter1872sherarelyleftherhouseandyard.Inthelastyearsofherlifesheretreatedtoasmallerandsmallercircleoffamilyandfriends.Inthoselateryearsshedressedinwhiteandavoidedstrangers.Thedoctorwhoattendedherillnesswasallowedto"examine"herfromanotherroom,seeingherwalkbyanopeneddoor.Shewasthoughtofasa"strange"figureinherhomevillage.WhenshediedonMay15th,1886,shewasunknowntotherestoftheworld.Onlysevenofherpoemshadappearedinprint.ButtothinkofEmilyDickinsononlyasastrangefigureisaseriousmistake.Shelivedsimplyanddeliberately.Shefacedtheessentialfactsoflife.AccordingtoHenryJames,afamousAmericannovelist,shewasoneofthoseonwhomnothingwaslost.OnlybythuslivingcouldDickinsonmanagebothtofulfillherobligationsasadaughter,asister,andahousekeeperandtowriteontheaverageonepoemaday.Shereadonlyafewbooksbutknewthemdeeply.Herpoemsaresimplebutremarkablyrich.NotuntiltheI950swassherecognizedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.

(27)

A.Almostallherlife.

B.Lessthanhalfherlife.

C.Until1830.

D.Before1872.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:MayIaskwhereAnne'sClothingStoreislocated?

W:Ofcourse.Justkeepwalkingdownforanother3blocksandit'llbeonyourfightbetweenthepostofficeandthecourt-house.

Q:Whereisthisdialogueoccurring?

(12)

A.AtAnne'sClothingStore.

B.Insideashoppingcenter.

C.Atadowntownstreet.

D.Inasuburbanresidentialdistrict

30.聽力原文：M:IwassorrytohearaboutBill'sbeingfired.Iknowhewassickalotandthatheusuallygottoworklate.

W:Oh,itwasn'tthat.Billmadeabigerrorinlastmonth'saccounting.

Q:WhatwasthereasonBilllosthisjob?

(17)

A.Hegotangrywithhisboss

B.Healwaysgottoworklate

C.Hewasfrequentlysickandabsentfromwork

D.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly

31.(32)

A.Respectforeducationandelders.

B.Wealthyparents.

C.Excellentlearningfacilities.

D.Betterintelligenceandhealth.

32.

【B3】

33.(21)

A.Hehadsomedrinkathome.

B.Hehadsomedrinkatbar.

C.Hebehavedrudely.

D.Hetookabreathalyzertest.

34.(19)

A.Nextyear.

B.Soon.

C.Whenshefinisheswriting.

D.Afterhevisitsher.

35.聽力原文：W:Weshouldprobablyhittheroad,It'sgoingtotakeustwohourstodrivehome.Otherwise,wecouldn'tmakeitbeforemidnight.

M:You'reright.I'llsaygoodbyetoMichaelandthankhimforthetreat.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.TheyaregoingtoMichael's.

B.TheyareatMichael's.

C.Theywillgohomebysubway.

D.TheywilltreatMichael.

36.聽力原文：W:HowcomeJimlosthisjob?

M:Ididn'tsayhehadlostit.AllIsaidwasifhedidn'tgetoutandstartedsellingafewcarsinsteadofidlingaroundallday,hemightnotfindhimselflookingforanewjob.

Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutJim?

(18)

A.Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.

B.Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.

C.Hemightgetfired.

D.Hehaslosthisjob.

37.聽力原文：W:Tim,Ihatetotellyouthis,butwe'recaughtinabudgetcrunch,andwemustlayyouoff.I'msorry.

M:Iunderstand.I'veenjoyedmytimehere,andI'mconfidentIcanfindsomethingelse.

Q:Whatistheman'sresponse?

(15)

A.Heisupset.

B.Hefliesintoarage.

C.Heisonlytoogladtogo.

D.Heissureofhisfuture.

38.(14)

A.She'snotsurehowshewasabletofinishsoearly.

B.Shewasn'tabletomanagetheprojectwell.

C.She'snotsurehowtosolvethemystery.

D.Shestillhasn'theardwhatwasshocking.

39.

【B9】

40.(25)

A.Aheavysmoker.

B.Alightsmoker.

C.Achain-smoker.

D.Asecond-handsmoker.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

TheauthorcitedtheremarksofRayLaHoodtoimplythat______.

A.alltheRepublicanshaverealizedtheircrisis

B.theRepublicanPartyhaslostitspower

C.theRepublicanshavetochangethepresentsituation

D.theRepublicansaredeterminedtostayawayfromBushintheelection

42.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesalaser?

A.Adeviceforstimulatingatomsandmoleculestoemitlight.

B.Anatominahigh-energystate.

C.Atechniquefordestroyingatomsormolecules.

D.Aninstrumentformeasuringlightwaves.

43.Whatisthepoliticalimplicationofthedemographicchangeinthedevelopedcountries?

A.Winningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomecrucialinpolitics.

B.Pensionpolicywillbecomeakeyissueinelections.

C.Immigrationshouldbebannedtomaintaintheworkforce.

D.Thedemographicchangewillchangethepoliticallandscapegreatly.

44.

Thephrase"scaledown"inPara.3probablymeansto______.

45.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotthebenefitofaregularsupplyofnewproducts?

A.Toenhancethecompany'sstatusincustomers.

B.Todrawpsychologists'attention.

C.Tomakefulluseofvariousresources.

D.Towinincreasedprofitsandincome.

46.Theanalogyof"cookingalobsterinapot"illustratethatinaslowlychangingenvironment______.

47.

【C6】

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Whatistime?Isitathingtobesavedorspentorwasted,likemoney?Orisitsomethingwehavenocontrolover,liketheweather?Istimethesameallovertheworld?That'saneasyquestion,yousay.Whereveryougo,aminuteis60seconds,anhouris60minutes,adayis24hours,andsoforth.Well,maybe.ButinAmerica,timeismorethanthat.Americansseetimeasaveryvaluableresource.Maybethat'swhytheyarefondoftheexpression,"Timeismoney".

BecauseAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresource,theytrytoconserveandmanageit.PeopleintheU.S.oftenattendseminarsorreadbooksontimemanagement.Itseemstheyallwanttoorganizetheirtimebetter.Professionalscarryaroundpocketplanners—someinelectronicform—tokeeptruckofappointmentsanddeadlines.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthisviewbest:"Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof."

ToAmericans,punctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople'stime.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapology,andmaybeanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.Ofcoarse,thelessformalthesituation,thelessimportantitistobeexactlyontime.Atinformalget-togethers,forexample,peopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtime.Buttheyusuallydon'ttrythatatwork.

Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledon'ttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.ManyEasterncultures,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.Therhythmofnature—fromthepassingoftheseasonstothemonthlycycleofthemoon—shapestheirviewofevents.Peoplelearntorespondtotheirenvironment.Asaresult,theyfinditeasierto"gowiththeflow"thanAmericans,wholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.

EvenAmericanswouldadmitthatnoonecanmastertime.Time—likemoneyslipsalltooeasilythroughourfingers.Andtime—liketheweather—isveryhardtopredict.Nevertheless,timeisoneoflife'smostpreciousgifts.Andunwrappingitishalfthefun.

Bysaying"ButinAmerica,timeismorethanthat"(Para.1),theauthorthinksthattheAmerican______.

49.Howdoestheauthorseepathologicalfatigue?

A.Somepathologicalfatigueisgoodforpeople.

B.Everyoneisvulnerabletopathologicalfatigue.

C.Pathologicalfatigueneedsnomedicalattention.

D.Pathologicalfatigueharmspeoplepsychologicallyonly.

50.Themainsourcesofinfluenzavirusesinlakewaterare______,whichmaystayinfectionsforupto30days.

51.

Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.

A.Russiabecauseofitslimitedcoalandpetroleumresourcesonland

B.Americabecauseitisthegreatestconsumerofenergyintheworld

C.AsiabecausemostofAsiancountrieslackothersourcesofenergy

D.SouthAmericabecauseagreatpartofthepopulationisverypoor

52.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Mostpeopledon'tenjoyfacingthedifficultsituationsthatsometimesoccurwithco-workersintheworkplace.Suchsituationsmayarisefromhonestdisagreementsoverdesignorengineeringissues,personnelorbenefitsmatters,managementdecisionsoractions,orfromanyothersituationwherehumanimpressionsandobjectivesdiffer.

Therecouldbedoubletroubleforengineerswhoaremorelikelytofeelathomewithelectronsandbytes(信息組),andbehaveinhighlypredictableways,thanwithcoworkers,whooftenappeararbitraryandunpredictable.Forthoseofuswhohaveinternalizedthestrictandmeasurablerulesofthephysicalworld,dealingwithotherpeoplecanbebothdisappointingandfrustrating.

Yethowyoumanagesituationsofconflictwithyourcoworkerscouldhaveasignificantimpactonyourcareer,oftenevenmorethanyourengineeringprowessoryourdesignskills.Thosewhodealsuccessfullywithpotentialconflictsarefarmorelikelytoreceiveaddedresponsibilitiesandpromotions,inadditiontothepayincreasesandrespectthatcomewiththem.Ontheotherhand,notdealingsuccessfullywithconflictcanpotentiallyrelegateyoutoacareerbackwater,withtechnicalchallengesandhighpaypassingyouby.

Whyisdealingwithconflictanimportantskilltoday?It'sprimarilybecausethere'smoreofitnowthaninthepast.Workersofalltypesaremorelikelytospeakupfortheirownideasoractions,ratherthanfollowthedictatingcorporatechainofcommand.Conflictalsosometimesarisesasaresultofunclearcompanygoals,orwhenthosegoalsaren'tsharedequallybyall.Ratherthanworkingforasinglecommongood,employeesandmanagersseekindividualgoals,suchaspromotion,jobsecurity,experience,money,andeventheproverbialfreelunch.

Notonlyisactualconflictgreatertoday,buteventhepotentialforinterpersonalconflictsintheworkplaceisfargreaterthanatanytimeinthepast.Onereasonforthisisincreasedtime-to-marketpressures.Theneedtorapidlymakedecisions,establishanengineeringdirection,andmeetprojectmilestonesaddselementsoftensionandstresstoanalreadydifficultendeavol.

Thismakestheworkplaceapotentialminefieldforinterpersonalconflict.It'sespeciallyapparenttoanengineerinapositionofresponsibility,likeaprojectleaderoranengineeringmanager.Foranengineerwhomustworkwithotherstocompleteaproject,theneedtoman-ageconflictcanspellthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Minefieldsarebecomingcommonintheworkplace.

B.Workplaceconflictcanarisefromhonestdisagreements.

C.Workerstodayarclessequippedtodealwithworkplaceconflict.

D.Companiesarefindingnewwaystodealwithworkplaceconflict.

53.

ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS.

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation'ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbies

54.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.96percentoftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbyice.

B.Over10millionsquaremilesoftheearth'ssurfacearecoveredbyicenow.

C.Almostalloftheicesheetscoveringthelandandglaciersinthemountainshavebeenhidden.

D.Mostoftheiceontheearth'ssurfaceislocatedinAntarcticandGreenlandforthetimebeing.

55.

Anewtendencyisdemographicchangeisthat______.

A.lifeexpectancyhasbeengoingupsteadily

B.thereisadeclineoftheyoungpopulation

C.inAmericathebirthratehasgoneabovereplacementlevel

D.theoldpopulationhasrisensharplyinUSA

56.

Thispassagetellsushowto______.

A.findasuitablecreativeapproach

B.developaneffectivecampaign

C.createaprogressiveimage

D.establishtheobjectives

57.

Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhismother?

A.Shewasstubborn.

B.Shedidnotcarehimverymuch.

C.She