關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析雙語第1頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#2?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.1、你是如何理解“雙語課程”(bilingualteaching)的？2、通過本學(xué)期雙語課程的學(xué)習(xí)，你期望得到哪些收獲與提高？3、在本學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)過程中，你期望從老師那里獲得哪些幫助？第2頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.CourseTitle:FinancialReportingAnalysisLecturedBy:JinxunTAN(譚津璕）MyEmailAddress:tanjinxun@CourseObjectives:Knowwellaboutfinancialreporting ImproveEnglishproficiency(4skillsesp.R&W) Cultivateindependentlearningability(Search&Research)CourseIntroduction第3頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#4?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.

CourseRequirements

Self-learningbeforeeachlecture(Learningroup;1chapter/week)Attentivelisteninginclass(Takenotes)Activeparticipationinclass(Ask&answerquestions)Goodperformanceonassignments第4頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#5?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MainquestionsWhyFSanalysisisneededWhoneedFSInformationavailabletousers第5頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#6?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.WhyFSanalysisisneededInformationasymmetryisthefoundationofaccountingtheoryandFSanalysiswhichcauses:AdverseselectionMoralhazard第6頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#7?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Financialstatementsdon’tfullyreflectfirm’strueeconomicpositionbecause:Accountingrecognitionandmeasurementdon’tcorrespondwitheconomicevents;Financialstatementsdon’treflectthewholeeconomicevents(assets,liabilities);Managementchoiceofaccountingmethods;Accountingprinciplesdifferindifferentcountry.第7頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#8?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.WhoneedFSCreditorsandequityinvestorsGovernment(executiveandlegislativebranches),regulatorybodies,andtaxauthoritiesThegeneralpublicandspecialinterestgroups,laborunions,suppliersandcostumer第8頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#9?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Equityinvestorsandcreditorsaretheprimaryusers.Hence,financialaccountingstandardsaregearedtothepurposesandperceptionsofinvestorsandcreditors.

第9頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#10?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.InformationavailabletousersPrincipalfinancialstatementsOthersourceoffinancialinformationRoleofauditor第10頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Introductionto

FinancialReportingChapter1第11頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#12?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheU.Sfinancialreportingsystem第12頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#13?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GAAPU.SGAAP:GenerallyAcceptedAccountingStandards是由會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)(APB)和財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(FASB)，SEC在《意見書》和《公報(bào)》中所規(guī)定的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、方法和程序所組成的。企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)人員記錄、匯總會(huì)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和編制會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表所必須遵循，也是審計(jì)人員審核企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表的依據(jù)。

第13頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#14?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.DevelopmentofGAAP

1934年美國國會(huì)依據(jù)《證券交易法》成立證券交易委員會(huì)（SEC），授權(quán)其進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)立法，以彌補(bǔ)資本市場(chǎng)會(huì)計(jì)法規(guī)的空白，增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告透明性及相關(guān)性，并重建投資者信心。SEC頒布的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則分為三類：財(cái)務(wù)信息披露規(guī)則，是會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表呈報(bào)格式及內(nèi)容的管理?xiàng)l例；財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告文件，匯集SEC對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)和審計(jì)的觀點(diǎn)；工作人員會(huì)計(jì)公告，匯總SEC對(duì)《證券法》中披露條款的解釋和對(duì)披露管理的說明。第14頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#15?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionSecuritiesActof1933RegulatesIPOs(initialpublicofferings)SecuritiesExchangeActof1934RegulatessecondarymarketandnationalexchangesSECwascreatedbythisActSEChastheauthoritytodetermineGAAPRegulationS-Xdescribesdisclosurerequirements第15頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#16?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GAAPGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP)inUnitedStatesMajorSourcesofGAAPSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(AICPA)FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)第16頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#17?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AICPA’sRoleinGAAPOrganizationYearsofActivityIssuedCommitteesonAccountingProcedures&Terminology1939...1959AccountingResearchBulletins(ARBs)AccountingPrinciplesBoard1959...1973APBOpinions(APBOs)第17頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#18?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheFASBTheFASBisanongovernmentalbody

（非政府組織或機(jī)構(gòu)）withsevenfull-timemembers.Theboardsetsaccountingstandards（制定會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則）forallcompaniesissuingauditedfinancialstatement.TheFASBisanindependentbody

（獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)）whosemembersarerequiredtosever

（斷絕）alltieswithpreviousemployers.第18頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#19?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TheFASBFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardPromulgatesGAAPSFASs:StatementsofFinancialAccountingStandardsInterpretationsofSFASs,APBOs,andARBsTechnicalBulletinsStatementofFinancialAccountingConceptsConceptualFrameworkStatementsofAccountingConcepts(notGAAP)第19頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#20?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBStructureExhibit1-1第20頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#21?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBorganizationalstructure

第21頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#22?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBOperatingProcedureTopicisaddedtothetechnicalagendaPubliccommentssolicited(征求意見）DiscussionMemorandum（備忘錄)InvitationtoCommentHoldshearingtoreviewcommentsIssuesExposureDraft第22頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#23?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBConceptualFrameworkAsystemofinterrelatedobjectivesandunderlyingconceptsServesasthebasisforevaluatingexistingstandardsoffinancialaccountingandreportingSFACsStatementsofFinancialAccountingConcepts第23頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#24?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ObjectivesofFinancialReporting

(SFAC1)ProvideinformationusefulinmakingbusinessandeconomicdecisionsInformationiscomprehensible(可理解性的）tothosehavingareasonableunderstandingofbusinessandeconomicactivitiesHelpsuserstoassessfuturecashflowsPrimaryfocusisearningsanditscomponentsInformationisprovidedabouteconomicresourcesandtheclaimsagainstthoseresources第24頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#25?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AHierarchy(分層）ofAccountingQualitiesSource:“QualitativeCharacteristicsofAccountingInformation.”AdaptedfromFigure1inFASBStatementofFinancialAccountingConceptsNo.2(Stamford,Conn.:FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard,1980).Exhibit1-2第25頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#26?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)AssetsProbablefutureeconomicbenefitsobtainedorcontrolled;theresultofpastbusinesstransactionsLiabilitiesObligationstotransferassetsorprovideservicesinthefuture;theresultofpastbusinesstransactionsEquityTheowner’sresidualinterestintheassetsafterdeductingliabilities第26頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#27?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)(con’t)InvestmentsbyownersIncreasesinequityduetotransfersofvalueforthepurposeofobtainingorincreasingownershipDistributiontoownersDecreaseinequityresultingfromtransferofasset,renderingofservice,orincurrenceofliabilitiesbytheentitytoownersComprehensiveincomeThechangeinequityduringaperiodduetononownertransactions,events,andcircumstances第27頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#28?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ElementsofFinancialStatements

(SFAC6)(con’t)RevenuesInflowsandotherenhancementsofrevenueorreductionsofliabilitiesfromdeliveringorprovidinggoodsorservicesrelatedtothecentraloperationsExpensesOutflowsorconsumptionofassetsfromdeliveringorprovidinggoodsorservicesrelatedtothecentraloperationsGainsIncreasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsoftheentityLossesDecreasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsoftheentity第28頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#29?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RecognitionandMeasurement(SFAC5)ToberecognizedanitemshouldbeOneofthedefinedelementsMeasurablewithsufficientreliabilityBasedoninformationthatisRelevantReliableMeasurementattributesHistoricalcost/proceedsCurrentcostCurrentmarketvalueNetrealizable(settlement)valuePresent(discounted)valueoffuturecashflows第29頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#30?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RecognitionandMeasurement(SFAC5)

(cont’d)AfullsetoffinancialstatementsforaperiodshouldshowFinancialpositionattheendoftheperiodEarnings(netincome)Comprehensiveincome(totalnonownerchangeinequity)CashflowsduringtheperiodInvestmentsbyanddistributionstoownersduringtheperiod第30頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#31?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsPre-1973ARB(ARBs)APBOpinions(APBOs)Post-1972AccountingStandardsDivisionAccountingStandardsExecutiveCommitteeIndustryAuditGuidesIndustryAccountingGuidesStatementsofPositionPartofGAAP第31頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#32?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.EmergingIssuesTaskForceEstablishedbytheFASB(1984)IdentifiesEmergingissuesaffectingreportingProblemsinimplementingauthoritativepronouncementsAbilitytoreactquicklyIssuesstatementsthatarepartofGAAP第32頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#33?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ANewRealityMajorfinancialfailuresEnronWorldComMajorlegislation:Sarbanes-OxleyActof2002PublicCompaniesAccountingOversightBoardImpactontheAICPA’sroleinauditstandardsettingFee-basedfinancialsupportCEOsandCFOsmustcertifyfinancialstatementdisclosuresSection404requirescompaniestodocumentadequateinternalcontrolsandprocedures FASBAccountingStandardsCodification(Codification)2009singlesourceofauthoritativeU.S.GAAPandFASB第33頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#34?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AnnualReportonInternalControlSystemsRequiredbytheSECtoincludeAstatementofmanagement’sresponsibilitiesforestablishedandmaintaininganadequatesystemIdentificationoftheframeworkusedtoevaluatetheinternalcontrolsAstatementastowhetherornottheinternalcontrolsystemiseffectiveasofyear-endThedisclosureofanymaterialweaknessesinthesystemAstatementthatthecompany’sauditorshaveissuedanauditreportonmanagement’sassessment（估計(jì)）第34頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#35?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ThePublicCompany

AccountingOversightBoard(PCAOB)CreatedbytheSarbanes-OxleyActAnarmoftheSEC5members:2CPAs,3non-CPAsPromulgatesauditingstandardsforcompaniessubjecttotheSarbanes-OxleyActAICPAstillissuesauditingstandardsfornon-publiccompanies第35頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#36?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FASBAccountingStandardsCodificationProvidesinglesourceofauthoritativeU.S.GAAP2009Codificationorganizedinatieredstructure. -Organizedineightareasfromindustry-specifictogeneralfinancialstatementmatters. -Electronicrealtimeupdates.第36頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#37?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TraditionalAssumptions

oftheAccountingModelBusinessEntityGoingConcern(Continuity)TimePeriodMonetaryUnitHistoricalCostConservatismRealizationMatchingConsistencyFullDisclosureMaterialityIndustryPracticesTransactionApproachCashBasisAccrualBasis第37頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#38?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.BusinessEntityThebusinessentityisseparateanddistinctfromtheownersoftheentityTheentityisaneconomicunitthatstandsonitsown第38頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#39?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.GoingConcern(Continuity)TheentitywillremaininbusinessforanindefiniteperiodoftimeDisregardspossibilityofliquidationorbankruptcyImpactshowassetsandliabilitiesaremeasuredandreportedFinancialstatementsmustdiscloseifthepresumptionofcontinuityisnotapplicable第39頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#40?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TimePeriodFinitereportingperiodsappliedtothepresumedindefinitelifeofabusinessNaturalbusinessyearCalendaryearFiscalyear52-53WeekfiscalyearAllowsmeasurementoftheresultsofoperationspriortotheliquidationofabusinessentity’slife第40頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#41?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MonetaryUnitStandardofmeasureforbusinesstransactionsU.S.dollarfordomesticentitiesSupplementarydisclosureofinflation-adjustedfinancialdatacurrentlynotrequiredbyU.S.GAAP第41頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#42?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.HistoricalCostOftenusedbecauseitisobjectiveanddeterminableAcceptabledeviationsWhenitbecomesapparentthatthehistoricalcostcannotberecovered(justifiedbytheconservatismconcept)Wherespecificstandardscallforanothermeasurementattributesuchascurrentmarketvalue,netrealizablevalue,orpresentvalue第42頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#43?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ConservatismSelectfromvariousmeasuresofvalueEachofthealternativesmusthavereasonablesupportConservatismguidesselectionofthealternativethathastheLeastfavorableimpactonnetincomeLeastfavorableimpactonfinancialposition第43頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#44?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RealizationofRevenueIngeneral,thepointofrecognitionofrevenueshouldbethepointintimewhenrevenuecanbereasonablyandobjectivelydeterminedPointofsaleEarningprocessisvirtuallycompleteEndofproductionIfpriceofitemisknownandareadymarketexistsReceiptofcashCollectioncannotbereasonablyestimated第44頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#45?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.RealizationofRevenue(cont’d)DuringproductionRevenueisrecognizedproportionaltoeffortCostrecoveryApplicableforhighlyspeculativetransactionsTherearemanyotheracceptablemethodsofrecognizingrevenue第45頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#46?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MatchingMatchcostsassociatedwithrevenuerecognizedDirectassociation(i.e.,inventorysalesandcostoftheinventory)CoststhathavenodirectconnectionwithrevenueSystematicrecognition,usuallyintheperiodincurred第46頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#47?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.ConsistencySameaccountingtreatmentgiventocomparabletransactionsfromperiodtoperiodEntityresultsfromseveralyearsarecomparableSupportstrendanalysisIfachangeismadeJustificationofchangeisdiscussedImpactofthechangeonthefinancialmustbeexplained第47頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#48?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.FullDisclosureAccountingreportsmustdiscloseallthefactsthatmayinfluencethejudgmentofaninformedreaderMethodsofdisclosureParentheticalSupportingschedulesCross-referencesFootnotesReasonablesummaryofsignificantfinancialinformation第48頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#49?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.MaterialityConsiderstherelativesizeandimportanceofanitemtothebusinessentityImmaterialitemsnotsubjecttoconceptsandprinciplesHandleinmosteconomicalandexpedientmannerDoestheinformationinfluenceaninformedreaderofthefinancialstatements?Yes:materialNo:immaterial第49頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#50?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.IndustryPracticesIndustry-specificreportsDonotconformtogeneralaccountingguidelinesGovernmentregulationUniqueneedsorpeculiaritiesofanindustryEfforttominimizebutwillprobablyneverbecompletelyeliminated第50頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#51?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.TransactionApproachRecordtransactionsthatAffectthefinancialpositionoftheentityCanbereasonablydeterminedinmonetarytermsManytransactionsarenonmonetaryinnatureNotrecordedMaybedisclosedincompliancewith“fulldisclosure”principle第51頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#52?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.CashBasisRecognizerevenuewhencashiscollectedRecognizeexpensewhencashispaidUsuallydoesnotprovidereasonableinformationabouttheearningcapabilityoftheentityintheshortrunAcceptabilityUsuallynotGAAPMaybeusedifdifferencebetweencashbasisandaccrualbasisisnotmaterial第52頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#53?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AccrualBasisRevenuerecognizedwhenrealized(realizationconcept)Expensesrecognizedwhenincurred(matchingconcept)Numerousyear-endadjustmentsrequiredMorecomplexthancashbasis第53頁，課件共59頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Chapter1,Slide#54?2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.AccrualBasis(cont’d)Resultismorerepresentational