DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech

(I):

statementsandquestionsUnit1GrammarObjectiveTolearnandusethedirectspeechandtheindirectspeechinstatementsandquestions.語(yǔ)法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律。“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.directspeechindirectspeechindirectspeechdirectspeech“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksus.Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.ObserveandfillinWhat’rethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?Differencesdirectspeechindirectspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆Noquotationmarks引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語(yǔ)用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫_________。間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)通常都用_________括起來(lái)，引號(hào)“”間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語(yǔ)從句Howtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech?Changewhathasbeensaidtoan

objectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeand

place;e.Othercases.Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.b.Changepersonalpronouns:Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.DirectspeechIndirectspeechDirectspeechIndirectspeechSimplepresentSimplefuturePresentcontinuousPastperfectSimplepastPresentperfectcontinuousPresentperfectPastcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectFutureinthepastPastperfectPastperfectcon-tinuousc.ThechangesofthetensesSimplepastHesaid,“Ilostakeyhere

yesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeythere

the

daybefore/thepreviousday.

“Ireadthebookhere

aweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthere

aweekbefore.d.ChangeadverbialsoftimeandplaceDirectspeechIndirectspeechnowthentodaythatday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweektheweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.lastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.DirectspeechIndirectspeechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee.OthercasesShesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted

that.MaysaidtoTom,“I’llbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotos

theretohimthenextday.由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:1.不變的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.經(jīng)常喘的習(xí)糠慣He設(shè)s天ai鞏d弓to包t富he亭d接oc訪to辮r,佳“棗I磨sm浸ok創(chuàng)e雨tw間o港pa伯ck您s棒ev附er疾y諒da捎y.?！薄虷e爆t輪ol退d蹦th抱e鬼do協(xié)ct出or選t幣ha籍t孫he粒s引mo猶ke得s獨(dú)tw往o暢pa循ck砌s梢ev吉er抗y賞da珠y.3.歷史滅事件Th逗e鄭te惕ac成he全r臂sa雷id均,巴“W敘or懲ld庸W顆ar敬I溉I濱en桑de鞋d喇in座1疏94旗5.揚(yáng)”→語(yǔ)Th緊e魔te藥ac罵he劍r蘇sa普id略t婆ha宣t盲Wo無(wú)rl冰d放Wa終r前II勺e粒nd抱ed申i系n懼19落45西.4.部分乖情態(tài)姿動(dòng)詞,如mu滾st派,商ou骨gh紐奉t榨to稻,醋u(yù)s辮ed穿t載o,鞭h蹦ad爭(zhēng)b仁et前te匹r等Sh邀e件sa柔id廁t傾o悅me篩,緒“Y魂ou取m箱us土t皮hu轟rr帝y暮up遮.”→涌Sh掩e束sa丈id兼t些ha蹄t海I躬mu紹st戒h擊ur悔ry像u脅p.轉(zhuǎn)述某他人掠的陳臘述→陳述羅句→廟Sh屢eas屋ke稠dmewh吧atIwa蓋sdo予in框g.He觀s行ai廳d,晴“鵲I’縣m郵go傭in努g礦to載B虎ei保ji閑ng援.”→昂He門s佩ai密dth腥athewa殊sgo峰in揚(yáng)g熊to兵B絡(luò)ei爬ji蒜ng概.He左a聽sk粉ed要,肯“A窄re稿y幻玉ou闖a讀t圾ea撐ch草er凱?”→泄He怎a休sk顏ed活m甘eif童/飛wh島et姨he吳rIwa腦sa想te率ac飽he妄r.Sh和e枯sa薦id堤,考“W成ha張t段ar租e底yo鴨u捕do瓦in血g?富”2.轉(zhuǎn)述間他人醫(yī)的疑城問(wèn)→一般終疑問(wèn)箱句3.轉(zhuǎn)述課他人期的問(wèn)稿題→特殊肌疑問(wèn)臣句解題畏步驟:1.陳述廣句:“I誤d風(fēng)on休’t趴l徹ik驚e著co證mp工ut親er糟s,扶”Sa容ra慈h弦sa娛id瓶t碧o傭he古r味fr距ie障nd鍋s.Sa免ra普h鍛sa松id灑t鹽o朽he歡r豎fr冠ie之nd盒sth畜atI鵝do萄n’塑t析li桌keco漏mp黃ut狐er泥s.to涂lddi當(dāng)dn想’tsh蠶eSa艦ra嚇hto法ldhe挨r允fr窗ie切nd述sth娃atsh壯edi笑dn索’tli旱ke撈c酷om書pu犁te喂rs齊.To纖m銷sa概id觸(奔th吹at壟)圾th籮er孤ewa惡sn拾’tan籠y禿tr登ou縫bl溫e汗an境dth流athewa丸swa利it遼in厲g巴fo述rhi瓜sch勺an集ge賊.注意:當(dāng)兩某個(gè)或誰(shuí)兩個(gè)茅以上悠的賓枝語(yǔ)從閃句并釘列時(shí),僅能窮省略戚第一悠個(gè)th斷at蒜,其余弱的不乏能省然略。To衰m采sa銀id管,窄“T狠he辨re侮i筐sn罵’t買a更ny史t京ro仔ub粥l(xiāng)e油a羽ndI’謊m級(jí)wa氏it搞in傷g短fo狂r險(xiǎn)my默c閉ha維ng愿e脈(零錢).嗚”2.一般素疑問(wèn)依句:Is篇i霜t撤ea腥sy烈t則o臣im賭pr由ov辱e裂th選e半co政nd狡it敞io良n紗of窩t拋he壁s丑oi他l?(T謹(jǐn)he醬y叔as飾ke摩d韻hi腰m)Th評(píng)eyas婆ke蛋dhi嫂mifIt震i性s啦ea根sy怨t仁o包im李pr松ov崖e壺th噸e權(quán)co風(fēng)nd攜it慢io技n例of遮t牽he云s返oi偏l.itisea禾sy陵t汗o寫im該pr補(bǔ)ov平e蛇th野e訓(xùn)co淺nd鈴it屯io件n汪of葛t錯(cuò)he勵(lì)s幫oi挨l.as鏟ke刮diswa旦sTh竊ey柏a特sk濟(jì)ed探h批imifit爛w墨as堆e豪as模y娘to栗i假mp茅ro電ve動(dòng)t淋he葵c嗚on串di州ti貿(mào)on郵o亞f兄th章e禮so違il非.3.特殊旁疑問(wèn)隙句：Wh獲en光d拜o尖yo妄u餅ha講rv拉es鞏t漆t(yī)h悠e乓wh理ea件t?(T訪he陰y紅as管ke米d音hi纏m)Th賀ey魚a乖sk芹ed宿h宴imwh忽enyo要u拒ha料rv恰es筋t初th傳e豆wh跑ea龜tyo搶uha燥rv菊es尖tth飄e蓮wh魔ea全t.heha所rv博es弄te霸dTh赴ey脈a烏sk愉ed才h為im安w膚he扭nhe摧h贈(zèng)ar分ve衫st苦edth質(zhì)e籠wh衛(wèi)ea秘t.ha貧rv叛es劃te樓d直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)陳述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”th怪at引導(dǎo)脫的名筋詞性綿從句Ja甲ne乒s緒ai金dth掉atsh貞ewa踢sve碑ry拍f刑on岡d模of謠t表ra奴ve釋li斤ng榴.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)一般疑問(wèn)句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.wh搏et迷he蘆r筋/捆if引導(dǎo)漏的名辱詞性融從句Jo鵲hn尋a堤sk驢ed末M膽ar秤yifth宮atwa貨she臂r販um取br怖el絡(luò)la躁.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)特殊疑問(wèn)句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-詞引房誠(chéng)導(dǎo)的遣名詞敲性從渠句Jo肅hn噴a芬sk樣ed足M恢ar電ywh海ensh策ewo住ul再dre忌tu闊rn算h起im漢t依he保b臂oo焦k.由直畜接引佛語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)釣變?yōu)樾g接間引語(yǔ),有時(shí)屈會(huì)引悅起時(shí)部態(tài)的嫂變化,注意滲以下任幾個(gè)居方面啟。直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”從句鞠動(dòng)詞俯時(shí)態(tài)亭不變Sh瞧e譽(yù)of樣te顯n查sa臣ys努t垮ha曉t疤al范l扛me愛n肢an秒d批wo掘me儉n暴ar碌e禮eq歉ua偽l史un掛de薯r須th職e綁la次w.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?一般足現(xiàn)在司時(shí)“Ikn改owit擋,”漠h減e匹sa犬id禍.一般窩過(guò)去朽時(shí)He善s之a(chǎn)i臉d旨th虹at褲h宗ekn記ewit線.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在浙進(jìn)行怖時(shí)“I’mma鉆ki巨ng填c好of泡fe最e辣fo階r禮yo僻u拳al設(shè)l,好”撕sh雪e乎sa放id留.過(guò)去趙進(jìn)行摘時(shí)Sh錄e考sa濕id玩s應(yīng)hewa搞sma圖ki粘ng介c纏of曠fe很e貌fo英r院us您a逃ll義.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在拘完成只時(shí)“Iha隨ve灘s劑ee躍nhe睬r松be臣fo胖re憤,”丑s著ai秘d選he餐.過(guò)去輸完成傍時(shí)He頑s章ai餃d關(guān)heha環(huán)d忠se胖enhe組r謹(jǐn)be木fo灘re含.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在錢完成鑰進(jìn)行奸時(shí)He守s餃ai兵d,暫“甲Iha投ve蝕b杏ee牙ndo鋪in洽git鎮(zhèn)f層or脅h漠ou找rs掀.”過(guò)去貞完成善進(jìn)行膏時(shí)He膨s晨ai釀d級(jí)heha吩d竹be焦endo董in消git膚f移or貴h渠ou跌rs念.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?一般掛過(guò)去頃時(shí)“Isa籌whe銳r濕la房誠(chéng)st鉗M敞on菌da掏y,枝”催h(yuǎn)e隸s辜ai慮d.過(guò)去濁完成洪時(shí)He香s禿ai勝d音heha香d談se息enhe打r龜th晃e鈴pr雙ev快io槍us駱M遣on欄da包y.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?過(guò)去辱進(jìn)行饑時(shí)“Iwa里s鞏wa期it惱in防gfo坊r玩Ji皺m,慰”在sh疊e化sa谷id曬.過(guò)去扭完成帳進(jìn)行粥時(shí)Sh扒e斧sa閑idsh日e輛ha斤d圍be集en弓w驚ai肥ti船ngfo麻r么Ji憐m.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?過(guò)去綁完成柜時(shí)“Do雪y刃ou貨k縱no搏w箏Ri鑄ckha獨(dú)d袍be豎enil罵l飲in施b埋ed丈f健or頓m扯an律y虎da咬ys周t踩il纏l滿he掛d形ie本d?算”概Ja旁ck貧a援sk小ed螞.過(guò)去污完成摧時(shí)Ja括ck柿a聰sk字ed話i電f基I全kn蔑ew雞R胡ic姻kha同d益be璃enil只l碼in憲b狹ed慈f(wàn)度or格m虧an溪y育da鞏ys筍t材il嘗l碼he磚d扒ie腔d.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)?一般鋤將來(lái)恰時(shí)He童s蕉ai嬸d,舅“逢Wesh馬al宿lst腿ar環(huán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