研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)一真題答案解析資料僅供參考研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)一真題答案解析Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,"Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin."Theteamalsodevelopeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13than"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.1AwhatBwhyChowDwhen2AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised3AforBwithCbyDon4AseparatedBsoughtCcomparedDconnected5AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples6AinsignificantBunexpectedCunreliableDincredible7AvisitBmissCknowDseek8AsurpassBinfluenceCfavorDresemble9AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus10AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps11AaboutBtoCfromDlike12AlimitBobserveCconfuseDdrive13AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith14AchancesBresponsesCbenefitsDmissions15AfasterBslowerClaterDearlier16AforecastBrememberCexpressDunderstand17AunpredictedBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive18AtendencyBdecisionCarrangementDendeavor19ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic20AseeBshowCproveDtell答案解析1、Awhat本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院報(bào)告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第一個(gè)空考察表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。2、Bconcluded本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院報(bào)告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第二個(gè)空為針對(duì)從句謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的詞義考察。3、Don本句前半句的句意是：這項(xiàng)研究是一個(gè)基于1932個(gè)獨(dú)特個(gè)體的基因組廣譜分析?？疾霤onducton詞組，進(jìn)行。從句意為：它對(duì)成對(duì)兒的非親緣朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。4、Ccompared比較，根據(jù)上下文及后一句的same知道，比較為最佳。5、Csamples詞義題，樣本，C為最佳選項(xiàng)。6、Ainsignificant詞義題，1%，以及后面的notso轉(zhuǎn)折，判斷，Ainsignificant不顯著，為最佳選項(xiàng)。7、Cknow句意為：一些人雖然并不認(rèn)識(shí)她們第四代的表親，但她們選擇的朋友卻和這些親戚頗有相似之處。8、Dresemble詞義題，和上一個(gè)空形成轉(zhuǎn)折。9、Balso上下文邏輯題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了。Also為最佳選項(xiàng)。10、DPerhaps結(jié)合上下文：這一現(xiàn)象很難解釋，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。11、Bto介詞題，意為：就像這個(gè)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這個(gè)因素不但把我們帶到詳細(xì)的環(huán)境中來(lái)，更有一些深層次的影響。12、Ddrive詞義題，根據(jù)上下文，對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生影響，驅(qū)使我們……drive為最佳選項(xiàng)。13、Bratherthan邏輯題，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者對(duì)立不能同時(shí)存在，ratherthan不是…而是最符合。14、Cbenefits跟“功能”搭配，選個(gè)褒義詞，帶來(lái)好處的，最佳。15、Afaster詞義題，根據(jù)后半句解釋，這就是為什么“pickedpace”加速，這里只能選faster，一些比另外一些進(jìn)化得更快，符合文意。16、Dunderstand詞義題，這個(gè)研究能夠幫助我們理解一個(gè)事實(shí)。17、Bcontributory本句意為：社會(huì)環(huán)境是最主要的一個(gè)因素。Contributory貢獻(xiàn)，最佳。18、Atendency結(jié)合文章主旨，選擇基因相似的人做朋友是普遍現(xiàn)象，tendency趨勢(shì)傾向最符合。19、Cethnic同義替換，基因背景相似，種族的，民族的，最符合。20、Asee本句意為：盡管所有的研究對(duì)象都取自歐洲血統(tǒng)，研究者也花心思確保了所有(用于比正確)朋友和陌生人也源自該血統(tǒng)中的同一支系。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.21、accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals[C]endedhisreigninembarrassment[D]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone答案解析：21Dendedhisreigninembarrassment此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞KingJuanCarlosofSpain定位到第一段第一和第二句。Butembarrassingscandals…h(huán)aveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.此處standdown譯為放棄席位。因此Dendedhisreigninembarrassment是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。22Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句itisthisapparent…thatexplains…asheadsofstate.和第三句Butunliketheirabsolutist…mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfor...respectedpublicfigure.絕大多數(shù)皇室家族使得選民避免了尋找受人尊敬的公眾人物的麻煩。因此Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。23Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段最后一句話…itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates奇怪的是有錢的貴族家庭依然處于現(xiàn)代民主國(guó)家的核心地位。因此Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。24Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞”havemostoffear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles后面who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleand…world因此Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。25CCarlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs此題屬于全文主旨題。著眼全文，通篇都在圍繞monarchs展開。第一段由Carlos引出當(dāng)今君主制面臨的危機(jī)。因此Carlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs是全文內(nèi)容的精確概括。Text2JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone--avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.[D]goingthroughone’swallet.29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.(C)California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.T2答案解析：26答案Bchecksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)自然段定位原則，定位到首段。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞supremecourt，whether精確定位到第一段最后一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephone….，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，即為B在不授權(quán)的情況下檢查嫌疑人的電話信息。注意A選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是searchcontents。27答案Cdisapproval解析：態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干California’sargument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，這些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等負(fù)向詞，表示的是負(fù)面態(tài)度?？催x項(xiàng)屬于負(fù)面的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型錯(cuò)誤，D粗心。28答案Agettingintoone’sresidence解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為搜索電話薄就相當(dāng)于什么?根據(jù)段落界定原則定位到第四段轉(zhuǎn)折處，提到Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，A中的residence對(duì)應(yīng)home，是原文的同意替換。注意D選項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，不能將文中人物觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn)。29答案Dcitizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到5段和6段，題干問(wèn)作者最關(guān)注的是什么，即是相應(yīng)段落的段落中心。因此，該題表面是細(xì)節(jié)題，實(shí)質(zhì)為段落核心。5段首句為中心句提到，應(yīng)采取措施保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)隱私;6段又繼續(xù)陳述原則的不恰當(dāng)之處。根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容，對(duì)應(yīng)答案D市民隱私未能得到有效保護(hù)。30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution解析：例證題。題干問(wèn)的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKerr是論據(jù)，其目的是論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)往往在論據(jù)的前面，因此要找例子前面的一句話，即New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，就是Bnewtechnology是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，require等同于demands，reinterpretationoftheConstitution同義替換applicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections。Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.32.Thephrase‘flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition[C]increaseScience’scirculation.[D]setanexampleforotherjournals34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnowA.addstoresearchers’workload.B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersB.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectC.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’DesksD.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText3答案解析：31.答案Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks段落推斷題考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.《科學(xué)》雜志將要對(duì)同行評(píng)審過(guò)程增加額外的資源。與選項(xiàng)B同意替換。32.答案Cmarked詞義句意題根據(jù)所猜短語(yǔ)flaggedup所在句子的句意，手稿將被flaggedup以供雜志編輯、現(xiàn)有的編輯評(píng)審委員會(huì)或外部同行審查。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有Cmarked被標(biāo)記，符合題意。33.答案Dsetanexampleforotherjournals觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在四段末句ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.這不但對(duì)于《科學(xué)》雜志本身的出版有影響，還有希望影響其它的出版社，這些出版社想繼《科學(xué)》雜志之后樹立自己的典型形象。選項(xiàng)D是這句話的概括總結(jié)。34.答案Dhasroomforfurtherimprovement觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在末段末句，VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthat”Vaux認(rèn)為《科學(xué)》雜志的想法有一些好處，可是有個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是這就說(shuō)明這個(gè)想法是有進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)的空間的。35.答案AScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers主旨大意題本文首段首句就是全文主題句，《科學(xué)》雜志將要對(duì)同行評(píng)審過(guò)程增加額外的資源，而且全文其它各個(gè)段落都在圍繞對(duì)這一想法不同專家的不同態(tài)度在論述，因此選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)全文中心的完整表示。Text4Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldintobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby(A)theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.(B)companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices(C)governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.(D)thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that(A)GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.(B)morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.(C)AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.(D)phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefense(A)revealedacunningpersonality.(B)centeredontrivialissues.(C)washardlyconvincing.(D)waspartofaconspiracy.39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows(A)generallydistortedvalues.(B)unfairwealthdistribution.(C)amarginalizedlifestyle.(D)arigidmoralcode.40Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?(A)Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.(B)Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.(C)Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.(D)Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.Text4答案解析：36.答案A.Theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.因果細(xì)節(jié)題題目問(wèn)到Elisbeth因什么而感到沮喪。定位在第一段第二句Intergrityhadcollapsed,...,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket,由于社會(huì)中唯一的分類機(jī)制是利潤(rùn)和市場(chǎng)這一共同的觀念，導(dǎo)致了正直這種道德品質(zhì)的淪喪。37.答案Bmorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking段落推斷題定位到第三段第一句Asthehackingtrialconcludesthewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands正如竊聽(tīng)案總結(jié)的那樣，依然存在更廣泛的dearthofintegrity的事件，與選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)。38.答案Cwashardlyconvincing觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第四段第二句中astonishing，howlittle...,howlittle...Shenever...以及第三句中Sheknewnothing的語(yǔ)氣判斷作者的態(tài)度是認(rèn)為RB的辯護(hù)是沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的。39.答案Agenerallydistortedvalues觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題題干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在隨后的第四、第五句。Thecurrentcollectivedoctrine認(rèn)為重要的是efficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,而認(rèn)為justice,fairness不重要，故扭曲了價(jià)值觀。40.答案是Cmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.段落推斷題定位在最后一段前兩句。世界新聞雜志的目的不是提升讀者的理解能力。。。。而是為了發(fā)行量和影響力而毀了人們的生活。從ruinedthelives的表示能看出作者希望雜志所做的是提高其道德意識(shí)，與C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearly,youtrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)________________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisevolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehensionbuttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)________________Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationshipofthetexttotheworld.(43)_____________Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)_____________.Thisdoesnot,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcernsdebatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_____________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggestasothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo--thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesnotthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentmindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationsorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslangu