2021高考英語“典題”專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（二十一）text1YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.2.WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO'Connor. D.RosaParks.text2Tofightfortheconservationofforestecosystem,severalecologistsincludingDanielJanzenconvincedDelOro,anorangejuiceproducer,todonatepartoftheirforestlandtoanationalpark.Inreturn,DelOrowasallowedtothrowlargeamountsofwasteintheformoforangepeels(皮)ona3-hectarepieceoflandwithinthenationalparkatnocost.Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill,sotheproposalwasveryattractive.Butayearlater,anotherjuicecompanychallengedthedealincourt,arguingthattheircompetitorwas“pollutinganationalpark”.Theyendedupwinning,andthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalparkfellthrough.Thenin2013,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangestory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.Whathefoundshockedhim.“WhenIwalkedoverexposedrockanddeadgrassinthenearbyfields,Ihadtoclimbthroughundergrowthandcutpathsthroughwallsofvines(藤)intheorangepeelsiteitself,”saidTimothyTreuer.Treuerandhisteamspentmonthspickingupsamples(樣品),analyzingandcomparingthem.Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareacoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.Theeffectthattheorangepeelshadonthelandisprobablynotthatsurprisingtopeoplefamiliarwithcomposting(施肥),butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange“polluted”anationalparkandstoppeditfromgoingforward.NowthatTimothyTreuer’sstudyhasreceivedworldwideattention,thistypeof“ruining”isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.4.WhatdidDelOrousuallydowithorangepeels?A.Addthemtofuel.B.Feedthemtoanimals.C.Burnorburythem.D.Makethemintocakes.5.WhatcanweknowaboutthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalpark?A.Itlasted15years.B.ItwassignedbyTreuer.C.Itcarriedoutforaboutayear.D.ItwasbrokenbyDelOro.6.WhatwasTreuer’sfinding?A.Orangepeelscontainmuchfibre.B.Orangepeelscanmakesoilricher.C.Orangepeelsrotawayinashorttime.D.Orangewasteruinedthenationalpark.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthejudgementionedinthelastparagraph?A.Disapproving. B.Positive.C.Worried. D.Admirable.text3IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.8.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.9.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.10.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.11.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It'sunexpected. B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'shumorous. D.It'sdiscouraging.text4Kidsseemtospendendlesshoursonsmartphones,computersandtabletsthesedays.Thebestthingparentscandotopreventitistoencourageyoungsterstospendmoretimeoutdoorsinthesunlight.Therehasbeenamassiverisearoundtheglobeinshort-sightedness—ormyopiaasit'sofficiallyknown—overrecentdecades.Myopiaorshort-sightednessisbecomingmorecommon.Lackofnaturallightseemstobethekeyissue.“Themainfactorseemstobealackofexposuretodirectsunlight,becausechildrenwhostudyalotandwhousecomputersorsmartphonesortabletcomputersalothavelessopportunitytorunaroundoutsideandarelessexposedtosunshineandbecauseofthatchildrenseemtobeatmoreriskofdevelopingshort-sightedness.”ProfessorHammondsays,“Itmaybethatthere'snocoincidencethatinEastAsiancountries,themostmyopiconesallcorrelatewiththemathsleaguetables(排名表).Thesekidsarebeingpushedwithveryintensiveeducationfromaveryyoungageandspendalotoftimeindoorsstudying.Thereforetheconcernisthatallclosework—likeplayingwiththeiPhone—carriesthepotentialthatitcouldmakethemmoreshort-sighted.”Thebestthingtodo,theexpertssay,istogetchildrenplayingoutsideasmuchaspossible.Inaperfectworld,probablyonaverageacrosstheweekandtheweekend,twohoursadayoutdoorscanpreventchildrenbecomingshort-sighted.Healthydietisalsoimportant;getoilyfishandgreenvegetablesasmuchaspossible.“Whatweneedtolookatiswaysofmodifyingtheimpactthattheseindooractivitieshaveontheirvisualdevelopment,”ProfessorHammondsaid.“Thereareeyedropsandothertreatmentstoslowmyopiaprogression.Butintermsofpreventingmyopiaitself,thereisn'tanydataoutthereatthemomentintermsofthequestion‘Couldthedropsweusetoslowprogressionstopmyopiadevelopingatall?’.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Muchnaturallight.B.Runningaroundoutside.C.Acomputerorasmartphone.D.Lessexposuretosunshine.13.WhatdoesProfessorHammondthinkofshort-sightednessamongEastAsianchildren?A.Itappearsquitebychance.B.Itisnotseriousenough.C.ItlargelyrelatestoiPadsoriPhones.D.Ithassomethingtodowiththeirstudypressure.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Themyopicstudentswilldecreaseinthefuture.B.Researchershavefoundmethodstoreducemyopia.C.It'sstillahardjobtocontrolthechildren'smyopia.D.Researchersneedn'tcollectanymoredataonmyopia.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CommontroublesofstudentsB.Problemscausedbyshort-sightednessC.StayoutdoorsmoretokeepgoodeyesightD.Theimportanceofprotectingkidstext5ThinklikeThisWhenYouFeelStressedIt'sasweetopportunity.Ifyoulookonpressureasathreat,youaresuretobenegativelyimpactedbyitsoccurrence.1Theylookonitasagreatchance.Theywillcherish(珍惜)thepressuremomentandapproachitwithconfidenceandenthusiasm.

I'llgetanotherchance.Underpressure,weoftenlosehope.Wetendtodistort(扭曲)therealityofthesituation.Oneofthemostcommonphrasesis“thechanceofalifetime”,inwhichwetellourselves,“Iwillnevergetanopportunitylikethisagain,soIcan'tmissit.2”

I'lldomybest.Thisiswhatpeoplewhodotheirbestunderpressuretellthemselveswhentheyaregoingintoapressuremoment.3Becauseitpreventsthemfromwastingvaluableenergyworryingoverthingstheycan'tinfluenceandpromotesconfidenceatthesametime.Focusingondoingyourbestkeepsyouatthatmomentandguidesyourbehaviortowardsuccess.

4Peoplewhoperformtheirbestatpressurewillreducethesignificanceoftheupcomingpressuremoment,sotheyfeellessstressed.Whetherit'sasalescalloraninterviewfortheirdreamjobs,theyarelikewinningathletes,andwhenaskedhowtohandlethepressureofthebiggame,theyresponded,“It'sjustanothergame.”

IcancontrolhowIrespond.Peoplewhodotheirbestatapressuremomentfocusonwhattheycancontrol.5Ifyouhaveanupcominginterview,don'tworryabouttheotherapplicants.Youcan'tcontrolthem.Practicehowyouwillhandleanunexpectedproblem.

A.It'snobigdeal.B.Itstopsyoupayingattentiontoanxiety.C.Instead,takecareofyourownbusiness.D.Rememberingpastsuccessincreasesyourconfidence.E.Infact,wehavemanychancestosucceedinourlifetime.F.Butpeoplewhodotheirbestinapressuremomentaredifferent.G.Focusingondoingyourbestquicklydecreasespressureatthatmoment.text6讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事?！癐fmumfindsoutthatI'mgoingtothebeach,I'llbeinbigtrouble.”Isaidtomyselfsoftlyinalowvoice.I

wentdownstairsslowlyandtriedtowalkcasuallyintothekitchen.AsIwaswalkingtowardsthebackdoor,mumaskedwithoutlookingupfromher“dish-washing”,“Whereareyougoing?”Iansweredbackwithouthesitation,“Iamgoingtothegardentoplay.”AfterIgotoutofthekitchen,Ibreathedasignofrelief.Myplanhadworkedoutfinesofar.Iclimbedthefenceandjumpedontothemuddyfieldnexttomy

house

andstartedrunningtowardsthebusstopattopspeed.AfterhalfanhourIwasatthebeachscanningthecrowdformyfriends,JimmyandBobby.Twoyoungmenwereracinginthecanoes(獨(dú)木舟).

Afterawhile,Isawthemnearacoconuttree.I

ran

towardsthemandgotintomyswimmingtrunk(游泳褲).Foraboutanhour,weplayedvolleyballhappily.Suddenly,Bobbyhitthe

ball

toohardandtheball

fell

intothesea.JustasBobbywasgoingtopickuptheball,thetidecameinandcarriedtheballfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheshore.IwantedtoshowoffmyswimmingskillssoIdeclaredto

help

gettheballforthem.I

dived

intothewaterandstartedswimmingatasteadypace.Afterswimmingforabouttenminutes,IbecametiredbutwhenIsawthattheballwasonlyafewfeetawayfromme,Iputin

anextraburstofspeed.However,justasIwasgoingtogettheball,averystrongcurrentswepttheballfurtherawayfromme.

Atthatmoment,astringofweed(海草)tangled(纏繞)upwithmyfeetandIcouldnot

swim

pro