2011年吉林大學(xué)考博英語真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.StructureandVocabulary2.Cloze3.ReadingComprehension4.English-ChineseTranslation5.WritingStructureandVocabulary1．Thegovernmentallocatedaspecialsumofmoneyinordertoreinforcetheprosecutionoftheeffectivepolicy.A．practiceB．proceedingC．useD．implementation正確答案：D解析：名詞詞義辨析。prosecution意為“實(shí)行；起訴”，與選項(xiàng)中的implementati實(shí)on行(，執(zhí)行)詞義匹配。故答案為D。2．Thepatient’sunusualsymptomsconfoundedeventhemostexperienceddoctorofthehospital.A．confusedB．hitC．stimulatedD．confronted正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。confounded意為“使迷惑，使疑惑”，與選項(xiàng)中的confused(使迷惑，使疑惑)為同意A。表達(dá)。故答案為3．Forestsaredelicatesystemsthatifdisturbedcanbepermanentlydestroyed.A．expansiveB．complexC．unusualD．fragile正確答案：D解析：形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句中destroyed判斷，森林是很“脆弱的”，與選項(xiàng)中的fragile(脆弱的，易碎的)為同意D。表達(dá)。故答案為4．TheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyamajorityoftheparticipantswhoweretheonesthataskedforitsdraft.A．challengedB．a(chǎn)pproved

C．distributedD．a(chǎn)ttacked正確答案：B解析：動詞詞義辨析。ratified意為“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可”，可以很容易判定與approved為同意B。表達(dá)。故答案為5．Astheguestsentered,theelderlyhostesswelcomedthemwithcordiality.A．refreshmentsB．sincerityC．happinessD．enthusiasm正確答案：D解析：名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句中theguest，theelderlyhostess提供的語境，guests應(yīng)該是受到了熱情的歡迎。cordiality與選項(xiàng)中的enthusiasm(熱心，熱忱，熱情)為近義D。表達(dá)。故答案為6．Hespendsalotoftimegoingthroughfootballmagazines,makingintricatelists,andworkingoutcomprehensivestatistics.A．detailedB．misleadingC．complicatedD．a(chǎn)mbiguous正確答案：C解析：形容詞詞義辨析。intricate意為“復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的”，與complicated(復(fù)雜的，繁雜的)為同意C。ambiguous“模糊不清的；引起歧義的”。表達(dá)。故答案為7．Youdon’thavetobeafraidofbeingeatenthereinNewZealandbecauseithasfewpredatorycreatures.A．wildB．preyingC．nativeD．poisonous正確答案：B解析：形容詞詞義辨析。分析句子，predatory的詞義應(yīng)與eaten相近，意為“食肉的，掠奪性的”，與preying(捕食，掠奪)對應(yīng)。故答案為B。8．Probablythereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.A．ConspicuouslyB．Prospectively

C．IncidentallyD．Presumably正確答案：D解析：副詞詞義辨析。conspicuously“顯著地，明顯地”；prospectively“可能，潛在，預(yù)期”；incidentally“偶然地，附帶地”；presumably“大概，推測起來，可假定”。很明顯，probably與presumably詞義為D。相同。故答案9．Youarenotsupposedtotakeadvantageofsuchalittlegirlbymakingherworkfor50centsanhour.A．exploitB．exportC．exposeD．exchange正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。takeadvantageof為固定短語，意為“利用”。對比選項(xiàng)中的動詞，只有exploit(開發(fā)；開拓，開采)與其意思接近。故答案為A。10．StudentsoftheBerrySchoolforMountainChildrenhelpedpayfortheireducationbydoingpart-timelaborthatpertainedtotheirparticularcourseofstudy.A．resultinB．beganwithC．paidforD．wasrelatedto正確答案：B解析：詞組辨析。pertainedto為固定用法，意為“屬于……；適合……”。選項(xiàng)中，只有beganwith(開始于)與其意思接近。故答案為B。11．EventhoughformidablewintersarethenormintheDakotas,manypeoplewereunpreparedforthe______oftheblizzardof1888.A．inevitabilityB．ferocityC．importanceD．probability正確答案：B解析：名詞詞義辨析。inevitability“無可規(guī)避，注定發(fā)生”；ferocity“兇惡，根據(jù)句中轉(zhuǎn)折詞Eventhough，空格填入的詞應(yīng)與formidable意思故答案為B。兇猛，殘忍”。相近。12．Whilenurturingparentscancompensateforadversity,coldorinconsistentparentsmay______it.

A．exacerbateB．neutralizeC．eradicateD．relieve正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。exacerbate“使加?。皇箰夯?；neutralize“使成為無效，抵消，使中立化”；eradicate“根除，杜絕”；relieve“減輕，緩解，舒緩”。根據(jù)句中While判定，空格填入的詞應(yīng)與compensate意思相對，“冷漠和言行不一的父母則有可能使之加劇惡化”。故答案為A。13．Incertainformsofwriting,thecentralpointofamessagecanbeeffectivelycommunicatedeventhoughthispointisnot______.A．preferredB．explicitC．inferableD．discerned正確答案：B解析：形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句中effectivelycommunicated提供的信息，能與thispoint(中心意思)搭配的形容詞只能是explicit(詳盡的，明確的)。故答案B。inferable“能理解的，能推論的”；discerned“辨為明的，覺察出的”。14．Whentheplanewashitbytheenemy’sbombitmadea______diveandplungedintotheocean.A．vigorousB．verticalC．visualD．virtual正確答案：B解析：固定用法。averticaldive為常見表達(dá)，意為“垂直俯沖”。故答案為B。15．Thefinaldocumentwasofcourse,supposedtomendthedamage______upontheworldbythewar.A．imposedB．impressedC．compelledD．compressed正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。impose“強(qiáng)加”；impress“給……以深刻印象”；compel“強(qiáng)迫”；compress“壓縮”。根據(jù)句意，戰(zhàn)爭給世界“造成”的創(chuàng)傷可知答案為

A。16．Themagicianpickedseveralpersons______fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.A．byaccidentB．onoccasionC．a(chǎn)trandomD．onaverage正確答案：C解析：介詞短語用法。byaccident“意外地”；onoccasion“偶爾”；atrandom“隨便地，胡亂地”；onaverage“平均計(jì)算”。根據(jù)句意，魔術(shù)師從audience中為C。點(diǎn)幾個(gè)人協(xié)助表演，這種情況應(yīng)該是隨意的。故答案17．Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorning______trafficjam.A．inlinewithB．forthesakeofC．incaseofD．a(chǎn)ttheriskof正確答案：C解析：介詞短語用法。inlinewith“與……一致”；forthesakeof“為了……目的”；incaseof“假如，如果發(fā)生；防備”；attheriskof“冒……危險(xiǎn)；以……為賭注”。根據(jù)句意earlierthanusual與trafficjam之間是因果關(guān)系。為C。故答案18．Becauseitistoohotinthatstorehouse,the______ofthosefruitsseemstobeinevitable.A．deteriorationB．detractionC．detrimentD．detention正確答案：A解析：名詞詞義辨析。deterioration“惡化，變壞；退化”；detraction“誹謗”；detriment“損害，傷害”；detention“滯留；延遲”。根據(jù)句意，倉庫toohot會導(dǎo)為A。致水果“變壞”，這種情況是不可避免的。故答案19．AreportsubmittedtothePeople’sCongressinthisyear______recommendedaconcertednationalefforttocrackdowncorruptionandbureaucracy.A．officiallyB．emphaticallyC．respectfullyD．delightedly

正確答案：B解析：副詞詞義辨析。officially“正強(qiáng)調(diào)地”；respectfully“尊敬地”；delightedly“高興地，欣喜地”。為B。式地；官方地”；emphatically“著重地；根據(jù)句意，人大報(bào)告“著重”建議國家協(xié)調(diào)一致努力打擊腐敗和官僚主義。故答案20．ThemurderchargeagainstBeckwithhasbeen______forlackofevidence.A．discardedB．refusedC．eliminatedD．dismissed正確答案：D解析：上下文語義。根據(jù)句中murdercharge，lackofevidence提供的語境，匯。選項(xiàng)中，dismissed有“開除，解為D?？崭駪?yīng)填入與法律相關(guān)的詞散”的意思，但還有“駁回”之意。故答案21．Thepeoplewhoobjectedtothenewroadweretoldthatsinceworkhadalreadystartedtherewasnopointin______.A．contradictingB．protestingC．provokingD．refusing正確答案：B解析：動名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空格應(yīng)填入與objected意思相近的名詞。選項(xiàng)中，protesting(抗議，反對)符合要求。為B。contradicting“矛盾”；provoking“刺激；令人深思”。故答案22．Thereceptionwasattendedbyvarious______membersofthelocalcommunityandrepresentativesofregionalindustries.A．notoriousB．peculiarC．prominentD．profound正確答案：C解析：形容詞詞義辨析。notorious“臭名昭著的”；peculiar“奇怪的，罕見的”；prominent“卓越的，突出的”；profound“深刻的，深切的”。此處是指“地方社區(qū)的杰出成員”。故答案為C。根據(jù)句意，23．Thecompanydirectorsaskedthegovernmentto______inthedisputeandpreventastrike.A．intervene

B．interactC．interceptD．interrupt正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。intervene“干涉，介入”，與between或in搭配，故答案為A。interact“相互作用，相互影響”，與with搭配；intercept“攔截，劫奪”；interrupt“打斷；中斷”，與with搭配。句意：公司董事要求政府介入爭端，阻止罷工。24．Executivesofthecompanyenjoyedan______lifestyleoffreegifts,finewinesandhighsalaries.A．exquisiteB．extravagantC．exoticD．eccentric正確答案：B解析：形容詞詞義辨析。exquisite“精細(xì)的”；“外來的”；eccentric“奇怪的”。根據(jù)句意，freegifts，finewinesandhighsalariesB。extravagant“奢華的”；exotic都屬于“豪華的”生活。故答案為25．Oneoftheexaminationquestions______mecompletelyandIcould’tanswerit.A．baffledB．mingledC．provokedD．diverted正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空格應(yīng)填入與could’tanswer意思相選項(xiàng)中，baffled有“A。mingled“混合”；provoked“挑釁，激怒”；diverted“轉(zhuǎn)移，近的詞。被難住”的意思。故答案為分神”。26．Atfirsteverythingwentwellwiththeprojectbutrecentlywehavehadanumberof______withthemachinery.A．disturbancesB．setbacksC．outputsD．distortions正確答案：B解析：名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but判斷，空格應(yīng)填入與wentwellwith意思相對的詞。從而使Atfirst和recently形成對比。選項(xiàng)中，setbacks意為

“挫折；障礙”，符合句意。故答案為B。disturbances“騷亂；打擾”；outputs“產(chǎn)量；輸出”；distortions“歪曲，變形”。27．Thegovernmentcannottakeprivatepropertyforpublicusewithout______.A．premiumB．repaymentC．refundD．compensation正確答案：B解析：名詞詞義辨析。premium“獎(jiǎng)金，獎(jiǎng)品”；repayment“酬勞，還款”；refund“退，償還”；compensation“賠償金，索賠”。根據(jù)句意可知，政府不能無償?shù)貙⑺饺素?cái)產(chǎn)充以公用。故答案為B。28．Whencollegestudents______futureemployment,theyoftenthinkofstatus,incomeandprestige.A．a(chǎn)nticipateB．a(chǎn)pplyC．demandD．a(chǎn)ssume正確答案：A解析：動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空格應(yīng)填入與thinkof意思相近的詞，“大學(xué)生們期望他們未來的工作”。選項(xiàng)中僅anticipate有“期望”的意思。故答案為A。29．Theconsumersdemandnotonlythattheproductsconformtothesestandardsbutalsothattheenvironmentandproductionconditionsofmanufacture______standardrequirements.A．complywithB．comparewithC．discordwithD．parallelwith正確答案：A解析：動詞詞組辨析。根據(jù)句中notonly…butalso…的句型判定，空格應(yīng)填入與conformto意思相近的詞組。選項(xiàng)中，只有complywith(照做，遵守)符合要求。故答案為A。30．Astronautsare______allkindsoftestsbeforetheyareactuallysentupinaspacecraft.A．inclinedtoB．boundtoC．proneto

D．subjectedto正確答案：D解析：動詞詞組辨析。inclinedto“傾向于；有……的傾向”；boundto“一定會，束縛于”；proneto“有……傾向的”；subjectedto“承受，使某人經(jīng)歷某事”。根據(jù)句意，Astronauts被送上spacecraft上前需“經(jīng)歷”各種測試。故答案為D。ClozeTomanagerhopingtoblossomasabusinessleadermustdeveloptheskilltocommunicateeffectively.Oneoftheforemosttasksofaleaderistocreate【C1】______toacause.Todothathemustfirstcommunicatetobuildmutualunderstanding.【C2】______amanagercommunicatesmostlyto【C3】______information,aleaderusescommunicationstobuildrelationships.Amanageroverwhelmsotherswithdetailsandstill【C4】______themcold.Aleader【C5】______theirheartsbycombininghisvisionwiththeir【C6】______inacommoncause.MostAsianbusinessleadersareinstinctively【C7】______relationshipbuilding【C8】______directcommunications.Buttheydon’tusethemassmediasowell.Whilefacetofacecommunicationsis【C9】______,itisnotenoughintoday’sbigbusiness.【C10】______theirwestern【C11】______,theyarenotsomuchfrightenedbymassmedia’spotentialtomagnify,distort,andexpose.Theproblemliesmoreinthe【C12】______ofprofessionalsupport【C13】______tothem.InmostAsiancompaniesthepublicaffairsfunctioneitherdoesnotexistor【isC14】______routinechoresremovedfromhelpingtheCEOtocommunicatewithwideraudiences.Thereasonprimarilyisthatthe【C15】______communicationsofficersareplacedquitelowintheorganizationalhierarchy.Asia’sneedforbusinessleaderswhoare【C16】______inusingmassmediatoinvolvethepublic【C17】______theeconomicdevelopmentdreamhasneverbeengreaten.Televisionandtheprintmediahaveanenormous【C18】______onthepublic’sperceptionofbusiness.Ourbusinessleadershavenotyetfacedanunsympatheticpress.Theyshouldstartnow【C19】______thedaynotbetoofaraway【C20】______theyaresuddenlyforcedtoentertheperilousarenaofpubliccommunications.31．【C1】A．dedicationB．responsibilityC．commitmentD．commission正確答案：C解析：名詞詞義辨析。空格后的cause在這里為名詞，意為“事業(yè)，目標(biāo)”。dedication“奉獻(xiàn)精神”；responsibility“責(zé)任”；commitment“承諾”；commission

“委員會”。根據(jù)句意，能與create(建立)和cause搭配的名詞只能是commitment。故答案為C。32．【C2】A．SinceB．WhenC．BecauseD．While正確答案：D解析：邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的buildrelationships與上文中的buildmutualunderstanding是對比關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞。選項(xiàng)中，只有While(然而，可是)符合題意。故答案為D。33．【C3】A．transportB．carryC．conveyD．express正確答案：C解析：近義詞辨析。根據(jù)題意，空格應(yīng)填入“傳遞，表達(dá)”的信息，可先排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。convey“傳遞，運(yùn)輸，表達(dá)”；express“表達(dá)”，在信息的表達(dá)上用convey較合適。故答案為C。34．【C4】A．leavesB．keepsC．makesD．renders正確答案：A解析：leave的用法。表示讓員工處于某種狀態(tài)。故答案為A。35．【C5】A．movesB．touchesC．stimulatesD．loses正確答案：B解析：動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，此處是指“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會觸動職員們的內(nèi)心”。選項(xiàng)中，touches意為“觸動，聯(lián)系”，符合要求。故答案為B。

36．【C6】A．a(chǎn)spirationsB．inspirationsC．perspirationD．persuasion正確答案：D解析：名詞詞義辨析。aspirations“愿望，抱負(fù)”；inspirations“啟示”；perspiration“汗水，流汗”；persuasion“說服，勸服，信念”。根據(jù)句意可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者通過一個(gè)常見的事集合自己及員工的看法來說服他們。故答案為D。37．【C7】A．goodatB．poorinC．excelinD．indifferentto正確答案：A解析：介詞短語辨析。由下文But可知有轉(zhuǎn)折之意，與下句中的don’t…sowell意思相反，也就是MostAsianbusinessleaders善于……。故答案為A。38．【C8】A．throughoutB．throughC．therebyD．during正確答案：B解析：介詞用法。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)為“通過”直接聯(lián)系來建立……選項(xiàng)中，只有through有“通過；經(jīng)，由”的意思。故答案為B。39．【C9】A．vitalB．utmostC．ultimateD．chief正確答案：A解析：形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞While判定，此句承接上句，他們用不好themassmedia，但是facetofacecommunications是極其重要的。選項(xiàng)中，vital意為“A。極重要的”，符合句意。故答案為40．【C10】A．Unlike

B．LikeC．AsD．With正確答案：A解析：上下文語義。根據(jù)句中Asian和western信息，可知本段主要講東、西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的區(qū)別。故答案為A。41．【C11】A．colleaguesB．cooperatorsC．coordinatorsD．counterparts正確答案：D解析：名詞詞義辨析。colleagues“同事”；cooperators“合作者”；coordinators“協(xié)調(diào)者”；counterparts“同行，人或物”。根據(jù)句意，此處是指“和西D。極相似的方的同行相比”。故答案為42．【C12】A．a(chǎn)bundanceB．wantC．needD．lack正確答案：D解析：名詞詞義辨析。前句：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們不擔(dān)心大眾傳媒的放大、扭曲的潛力。與此進(jìn)行對比，他們擔(dān)心的是“缺少”能夠提供給他們更多專業(yè)支持的幫助。后句故答案為D。43．【C13】A．a(chǎn)vailableB．a(chǎn)ccessibleC．disposableD．transferable正確答案：A解析：固定搭配。availableto意為“提供給……”，為固定用法且符合句意。accessible“可接近的”；disposable“可支配的”；transferable“可A。轉(zhuǎn)讓的”，均不合題意。故答案為44．【C14】A．resignedB．a(chǎn)ssigned

C．a(chǎn)wardedD．distributed正確答案：B解析：動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，能與routinechores(日常事務(wù))搭配的動詞只能是assigned(分配，指定)。故答案為B。awarded“授予”。45．【C15】A．cooperationB．corporateC．incorporateD．commercial正確答案：B解析：固定用法。corporatecommunicationsofficers意為“公關(guān)人員”，是固定用法。故答案為B。46．【C16】A．competitiveB．competitorsC．competingD．competent正確答案：D解析：形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾leaders，由usingmassmedia判定，選項(xiàng)中，competent(勝任的，的)符合要求。故答案為D。competitive“競爭的，比賽的”；competing“相互矛抵觸的”。此處是指“有能力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”。有能力盾的，47．【C17】A．inB．intoC．withD．within正確答案：A解析：固定搭配。involve應(yīng)與介詞in搭配，意為“使參與，使參加”。故答案為A。48．【C18】A．a(chǎn)ffectB．impactC．impetusD．impulse

正確答案：B解析：固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth．意為“對……有影響”，為固定搭Televisionandtheprintmedia對商業(yè)公眾的看法產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，C項(xiàng)不合題意。故答案為B。配。此句大意是而不是促進(jìn)看法觀點(diǎn)，故49．【C19】A．nowthatB．unlessC．thoughD．a(chǎn)s正確答案：D解析：邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意分析，前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)中，as可作連詞，意為“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，常用來表示已為人們所知或顯而易見的原因或理由。故答案為D。50．【C20】A．wheneverB．whicheverC．whenD．whatever正確答案：C解析：狀語從句?？崭竦脑~引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾theday，作從句的時(shí)間狀語。選項(xiàng)中，只有when可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。故答案為C。ReadingComprehensionTherelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident—themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegaland

thenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassicalmodelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.51．ThereasonwhymanyproductionprocessweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthatA．itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationB．theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyC．itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomeD．themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses正確答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞production和process定位到原文第三句。原句中的moreefficient與選項(xiàng)D重現(xiàn)，原句中的market與選項(xiàng)D中的marketplace為同根詞，選項(xiàng)D中的theseprocesses指代的是thehomeeconomy。D。故答案為52．Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage______.A．sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomyB．themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyC．producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptableD．whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant正確答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inthesecondstage定位到原文第五句。原句對thehomeeconomy否定，在第二階段，電力獲得，只能從themarketeconomy獲得。原句中的newgoodsandservices與選項(xiàng)B重現(xiàn)，原句中的irrelevant與選項(xiàng)B中的neverproducedby對應(yīng)。B。、電器、先進(jìn)的教育等不能從家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)中故答案為53．Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsand

services,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace______.A．a(chǎn)scustomersB．a(chǎn)swageearnersC．bothasmanufacturersandconsumersD．bothasworkersandpurchasers正確答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞toconsumenewgoodsandservices，hadtoenterthemarketplace定位到原文第十句。原句中的aswageearnersandconsumers與選項(xiàng)C對應(yīng)。故答案為C。54．Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause______.A．thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionB．itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemC．itcouldnotsupplythembyitselfD．themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited正確答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞didnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservices定位到原文第八句。homeeconomy具體的原因在原文第七句。原句中的economicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomy與選項(xiàng)C對應(yīng)。故答案為C。55．Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage______.A．thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyonthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservicesB．manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplaceC．consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomyD．thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace正確答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theneoclassicalmodel定位到原文最后兩句。原句中的thefamily…goodsandservices與選項(xiàng)A重現(xiàn)，原句中的decidingwhether…or…與選項(xiàng)A中的relyeitheron對應(yīng)，家庭既可以通過家族產(chǎn)業(yè)也可以A。通過市場來交易它們。故答案為Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyinterm’sofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnotearverynutritiousgoods,whofeels

OKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally.Thispersonisnotill.She/Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicapmaybe“well”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.56．Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson______.A．removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsB．monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC．ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-beingD．keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalcondition正確答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞medicalcare定位到原文首段首句。原句中的changingourmanyunhealthybehaviors與選項(xiàng)A對應(yīng)。故答案為A。57．Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifshe/he______.A．doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB．doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC．isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD．isfreefromanykindofdisease正確答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionally定位到原文第二段首句。原句中的notill與選項(xiàng)D對應(yīng)，傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)界沒有就“不生病”和“身體健康”作出明確的區(qū)分，即傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)為“不生病”就是“身體健康”。故答案為D。58．Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeopleto______.A．beatsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB．strivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth

C．meetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD．keepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure正確答案：B解析：語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段第三句。原句對于“健康”給出新的定義，即不是人們可以達(dá)到的一種狀態(tài)，而是一種努力追求的理想。故答案為B。59．Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A．Peoplewhohavestrongmuscleswellasslimfigures.B．Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C．Peoplewhotrytobeashealthyaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D．Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.正確答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段尾句可知，原句中的thebestpossiblehealth與選項(xiàng)C中的beashealthyaspossible對應(yīng)，原句中的physicallimitations與選項(xiàng)C中的theirlimitations對應(yīng)，健康的人就應(yīng)該是那些無論身體有何局限都努力追求最有可能的健康狀態(tài)的人。故答案為C。60．Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterableto______.A．earnmoremoneyB．resistanylightdiseaseC．influenceotherpeople’slifeD．challengetheconceptofwellness正確答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。本題可定位至尾段最后兩句?？裳杆倥懦x項(xiàng)A、C。雖然選項(xiàng)B為文案為D，中原句，但D項(xiàng)意思更全面，更能表達(dá)文章的整體意思。故答Chemistrydidnotemergeas:scienceuntilafterthescientificrevolutionin17thcenturyandthenonlyratherslowlyandlaboriously.Butchemicalknowledgeisasoldashistory,beingalmostentirelyconcernedwiththepracticalartsofliving.Cookingisessentiallyachemicalprocess;soisthemeltingofmetalsandtheadministrationofdrugsandpotions.Thisbasicchemicalknowledge,whichwasappliedinmostcasesasaruleofthumb,wasneverthelessdependentonpreviousexperiment.Italsoservedtostimulateafundamentalcuriosityabouttheprocessesthemselves.Newinformationwasalwaysbeinggainedasartisansimprovedtechniquestogainbetterresults.Thedevelopmentofascientificapproachtochemistrywas,however,hamperedbyseveralfactors.Themostseriousproblemwasthevastrangeofmaterialavailableandtheconsequentdifficultyoforganizingitintosomesystem.Inaddition,thereweresocialandintellectualdifficulties.Chemistryisnothingifnotpractical:thosewhopracticeitmustusetheirhands,theymusthavea

certainpracticalaptitude.Yetinmanyancientcivilizations,practicaltaskswereprimarilytheprovinceofaslavepopulation.Thethinkerorphilosopherstoodapartfromthismundaneworld,wherethepracticalartsappearedtolackanyintellectualcontentorinterest.Thefinalproblemforearlychemicalsciencewastheelementofsecrecy.Expertsinspecifictradeshaddevelopedtheirowntechniquesandguardedtheirknowledgetopreventothersfromstealingtheirlivelihood.Anotherfactorthatcontributedtosecrecywastheesotericnatureoftheknowledgeofalchemists,whoweretryingtotransformbasemetalsintogoldorwereconcernedwiththehuntfortheelixir(煉金藥).Thatwouldbestowtheblessingofeternallife.Inonesense,thesecondofthesewasthemoreseriousimpedimentbecausetherecordsofthechemicalprocessesthatearlyalchemistshaddiscoveredwereoftenwrittendowninsymboliclanguageintelligibletoveryfeworinsymbolsthatwerepurposelyobscure.61．Themaintopicofthepassageis______.A．thescientificrevolutioninthe17thcenturyB．reasonsthatchemistrydevelopedC．thepracticalaspectsofchemistryD．difficultiesoforganizingknowledgesystematically正確答案：B解析：主旨題。原文每段的首句為主題句，仔細(xì)分析，可以知道本篇文章是對化學(xué)的歷史及其發(fā)展進(jìn)程的敘述。故答案為B。62．Accordingtothepassage,howdidknowledgeaboutchemicalprocessesincreasebeforethe17thcentury?A．Philosophersdevisedtheoriesaboutchemicalproperties.B．Aspecialsymboliclanguagewasdeveloped.C．Experienceledworkerstorevisetheirtechniques.D．Expertssharedtheirdiscoverieswiththepublic.正確答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞17thcentury定位到原文首句。新知識增加的具體方式在原文首段尾句。原句中的artisansimprovedtechniquestogainbetterresults與選項(xiàng)C對應(yīng)，新知識的增加來自于工匠們的改進(jìn)積累。故答案C。為63．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthefactorsblockedthedevelopmentofchemistryasascience?A．Thedifficultyoforganizingmaterialsinsystem.B．Socialandintellectualdifficulties.C．Theelementofsecrecy.D．Thedifficultyofimprovingtechniques.

正確答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。選項(xiàng)A、B與第二段二、三兩句對應(yīng)；選項(xiàng)C與原文尾段對煉金術(shù)士保守秘密的做法對應(yīng)。文章并沒有提及選項(xiàng)D。故答案為D。64．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainswhy“thesecondofthesewasthemoreseriousimpediment”(lastsentence,Para.3)?A．Chemicalknowledgewaslimitedtoasmallnumberofpeople.B．Thesymboliclanguageusedwasveryimprecise.C．Veryfewnewdiscoveriesweremadebyalchemists.D．Therecordsofthechemicalprocesseswerenotbasedonexperiments.正確答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。尾段尾句提到因?yàn)闊捊鹦g(shù)士知識的神秘性，他們還將研究成果記錄于故意讓人不懂的符號中，總的說來，這些都是由于化學(xué)知識局限于少數(shù)人的手里。故答案為A。65．WhichofthefollowingoccupationsdoestheauthorimplythatdoesNOTrequireanyknowledgeofchemicalprocesses?A．Cook.B．Artisan.C．Metalworker.D．Philosopher.正確答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段尾句可知Thethinker(思想家)orphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)與此勞碌絕不沾邊。故答案為D。Inthepast,Americancollegesanduniversitieswerecreatedtoserveadualpurposetoadvancelearningandtoofferachancetobecomefamiliarwithbodiesofknowledgealreadydiscoveredtothosewhowishedit.Tocreateandtoimpart,thesewerethedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanhighereducationpriortothemostrecent,disorderlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury.Thesuccessfulinstitutionofhigherlearninghadneverbeenonewhosemissioncouldbedefinedintermsofprovidingvocationalskillsorasastrategyforresolvingsocietalproblems.InasubtlewayAmericansbelievedhighereducationtobeuseful,butnotnecessarilyofimmediateuse.AnotherpurposehasnowbeenassignedtothemissionofAmericancollegesanduniversities.Institutionsofhigherlearning—publicorprivate—commonlyfacethechallengeofdefiningtheirprogramsinsuchawayastocontributetotheserviceofthecommunity.Thisservicerolehasvariousapplications.Mostcommonareprogramstomeetthedemandsofregionalemploymentmarkets,toprovideopportunitiesforupwardsocialandeconomicmobility,toachieveracial,ethnic,orsocialintegration,ormoregenerallytoproduce“productive”ascomparedto“educated”