[技法指導(dǎo)]本單元的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇導(dǎo)游詞。導(dǎo)游詞是導(dǎo)游對游客所參觀的景點(diǎn)或進(jìn)行旅游活動時(shí)所作的口頭介紹。一篇勝利的導(dǎo)游詞可以生動地介紹景點(diǎn)，吸引游客，甚至到達(dá)“未臨其景，先入其境〞的效果。在寫作訓(xùn)練中一篇導(dǎo)游詞一般由下面幾局部組成：1．簡短歡送詞。首先對游客的到來表示歡送，給游客創(chuàng)設(shè)一種“賓至如歸〞的溫馨感覺，為接下來的旅游營造一種良好的氣氛。2．概述活動支配。對將要進(jìn)行的旅游活動進(jìn)行簡要的介紹，讓游客做到心中有數(shù)。比方入住的賓館、乘車或就餐的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)、旅游的景點(diǎn)、景區(qū)的特點(diǎn)或進(jìn)行的購物活動等。3．詳細(xì)景點(diǎn)介紹。對詳細(xì)的景點(diǎn)的位置、建筑風(fēng)格、歷史、傳奇等進(jìn)行描述，從而給游客創(chuàng)設(shè)一種“先聲奪人〞的效果。4．表達(dá)美妙祝福。祝游客在本次旅游活動中能夠快樂歡樂，到達(dá)放松觀光的目的。黃金表達(dá)1．見面時(shí)的問候語主要包括對游客的問候、歡送、巡游考前須知和對游客的盼望等方面，放在導(dǎo)游詞的最前面。常見的表達(dá)方式有：①eto...②It’ssonicetomeetyouhere!③Ifeelitagreathonourtobeyourtourguidetoday.④I’dliketotakethisopportunitytogiveyouabriefintroductionabout...2．景點(diǎn)介紹景點(diǎn)介紹包括旅游景點(diǎn)的位置、范圍、地位、意義、歷史、現(xiàn)狀和開展前景等，目的是關(guān)心旅游者對景點(diǎn)有一個(gè)總體了解，引起巡游愛好。常見的表達(dá)方式有：①Itwasbuiltin...soithadaverylonghistory.②Itislocated/situated...,withanareaof...③Ithasbeethemostpopulartouristattractionsince...④Withitspleasantclimate,richnaturalresourcesandpicturesque(漂亮的)scenery,...isoneofChina’smajortouristcities.3．結(jié)束語結(jié)束語包括感謝語、惜別語、征求意見語、致歉語和祝福語等方面，放在導(dǎo)游詞的最終面。常見的表達(dá)方式有：①Pleaseallowme,then,takethisopportunitytothankyouforyourcooperationandunderstanding.②Wishyouhaveagoodtimeandenjoyyourself.③Thanksagainforlistening.Haveagoodtime![寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)][題目要求]假設(shè)你是三峽景區(qū)的一名導(dǎo)游，請依據(jù)下面提示向三峽三日游的外國游客簡潔介紹三峽的相關(guān)狀況：1．三峽為中國十大風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)之一；2．它西起重慶奉節(jié)縣的白帝城，東至湖北宜昌市的南津關(guān)；3．由瞿塘峽、巫峽、西陵峽組成，全長191千米，其中瞿塘峽最短，只有8千米長，卻是最美的一段。[三步作文法]第一步：搜尋單元詞匯1．為……帶來榮譽(yù) to_one’s_credit2．被……所吸引 be_attracted_by3．支配 arrange4．由……組成 consist_of5．漏掉 leave_out6．對……欣喜 be_delighted_at7．對……沖動 be_thrilled_at其次步：巧用單元語法和句型1．我信任在我們旅行社所支配的三峽三日游中，你會被它的美景所吸引。Youwillbe_attracted_bythebeautifulsceneryoftheThreeGorgesduringthethreedayvisit.Thevisitisarranged_by_our_travel_agency.I’msureofthat.句式升級：將上句改為besure后加賓語從句，過去分詞作后置定語I’msureyouwillbe_attracted_bythebeautifulsceneryoftheThreeGorgesduringthethreedayvisitarranged_by_our_travel_agency.2．瞿塘峽最短，只有8千米長，卻是最美的一段，因此它正是你不能錯過的。TheQutangGorgeisonly8km.ItisthesmallestandshortestoneintheThreeGorges.Itslandscapeisthemostmagnificent.Itiswhatyoucanneverleave_out.句式升級：用補(bǔ)足語將前面兩句合并；使用連詞but和so將整段文字升級TheQutangGorge,only8km,isthesmallestandshortestoneintheThreeGorges,butitslandscapeisthemostmagnificent,soitiswhatyoucanneverleave_out.第三步：連接過渡成篇WeletoChongqing!It’stomycredittobeyourlocalguidefortoday’svisit.I’msureyouwillbeattractedbythebeautifulsceneryoftheThreeGorgesduringthethreedayvisitarrangedbyourtravelagency.TheThreeGorgesisoneofthetenmostfamoustoursitesofChina,proudlystandsatthefirstplaceofthebestfourteeninChina’shottestscenicspots.ItconsistsofQutangGorge,WuGorgeandXilingGorge.Itextendsabout192kilometers.ItstartsfromBaidiCastle,FengjietowninChongqingtoNanjinguanofYichangCityinHubeiProvince.TheQutangGorge,only8km,isthesmallestandshortestoneintheThreeGorges,butitslandscapeisthemostmagnificent,soitiswhatyoucanneverleaveout.Youwillfindyourselfdelightedandthrilledatthebeautifulscenery.Wishyouhaveagoodtimeandhaveagoodjourney!Ⅰ.閱讀理解Londonersaregreatreaders.Theybuyvastnumbersofnewspapersandmagazinesandofbooks—especiallypaperbacks,whicharestillparativelycheapinspiteofeverincreasingrisesinthecostsofprinting.Theystillcontinuetobuy“proper〞books,too,printedongoodpaperandbound(裝訂)betweenhardcovers.TherearemanystreetsinLondoncontainingshopswhichspecializeinbook-selling.PerhapsthebestknownoftheseisCharringCrossRoadintheveryheartofLondon.Herebookshopsofallsortsandsizesaretobefound,fromthecelebratedonewhichboastsofbeing“thebiggestbookshopintheworld〞tothetiny,dustylittleplaceswhichseemtohavebeenleftoverfromDickens’time.Someoftheseshopsstock,orwillobtain,anykindofbooks,butmanyofthemspecializeinsecondhandbooks,inartbooks,inforeignbooks,inbooksonphilosophy,politicsoranyotherofthecountlesssubjectsaboutwhichbooksmaybewritten.Oneshopinthisareaspecializesonlyinbooksaboutballet!AlthoughitmaybethemostconvenientplaceforLondonerstobuybooks,CharringCrossRoadisnotthecheapest.Forthereallycheapsecond-handbooks,thecollectorsmustventureoffthebeatentrack,toFarringdonRoad,forexample,intheEastCentraldistrictofLondon.Herethereisnothingsoimpressiveasbookshops.Thebooksellersealongeachmorningandpourouttheirsacksofbooksontosmallhandcarts.Andthecollectors,someprofessionalsandsomeamateurs,havebeenwaitingforthem.Inplaceslikethistheycanstill,occasionally,pickupforafewpenceanoldonethatmaybeworthmanypounds.語篇解讀：本文主要講了倫敦人很愛讀書，并介紹了倫敦的書店。1．“Londonersaregreatreaders.〞meansthat________.A．LondonersaregreatbecausetheyreadalotB．thereareagreatnumberofreadersinLondonC．LondonersarereaderswhoreadonlygreatbooksD．Londonersreadalot解析：選D句意理解題。由第一段可知，倫敦人買了大量的報(bào)紙、雜志和書籍來閱讀，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．Accordingtothispassage,CharringCrossRoad________.A．isinthesuburbsofLondonB．isfamousforitsbookshopsC．containsvariouskindsofshopsD．isthebusieststreetinLondon解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由其次段的“TherearemanystreetsinLondoncontainingshopswhichspecializeinbookselling.PerhapsthebestknownoftheseisCharringCrossRoadintheveryheartofLondon.〞可知B項(xiàng)正確。3．OnFarringdonRoad,________.A．youcanfindfinebookshopsforthelatestbooksB．thereareonlysmallbookshopsforthesecond-handbooksC．youcanseebooksellerssellingbooksonhandcartsD．thesamebooksastheonesinthebookshopsofCharringCrossRoadaresold解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的“Thebooksellersealongeachmorningandpourouttheirsacksofbooksontosmallhandcarts.〞可知C項(xiàng)正確。4．Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A．ShoppinginLondonB．TheBiggestBookshopintheWorldC．CharringCrossRoadD．BookshopsinLondon解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要敘述倫敦的書店，從知名的書店到街邊小推車，故D項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五HowtoImproveSpeedReadingSkillsSpeedreadingisoneofmanyskillsthatcanimproveyourreadingprehensionandshortenyourstudytime.__1__Lookatgroupsofwords,notsinglewords.__2__However,ifyoucangetintothehabitofreadinggroupsorchunks(大量)ofwordsatonetime,thenyoucanreadmuchfaster.Startbytryingtolookatagroupofthreeorfourwordsatonce,thenworkuptolookingatanentirelineofworks.Focusonwordsthatgivethesentencemeaning,suchasthenounsandverbsandpaylessattentiontothefillerwords,suchasa,the,and,etc.Scanforkeywords.Scanningisahighlyeffectivewayofextractinganswersfromatextwithoutreallyreadingit.Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouarelookingfor—aname,adate,astatistic,oraspecificword—youcanfinditquicklybyskippingoverlargechunksofthetext.Toscan,firstvisualizetheword,number,orphraseyouwouldliketofind.__3__Theinformationyouarelookingforshouldpopoutatyou.__4__Youcantrainyourselftoreadfasterbytimingyourselfasyougo.Startbygettingyourbasetime.Setatimerforfifteenminutes,andspeedreadasyounormallydo.__5__Donotcountthewords,justthepagesorparagraphs.Recordyourfigures:forinstance,youmightwrite“15min/6.5pages.〞A．Then,runyoureyesrapidlyoverthetext.B．Racetheclock.C．Checkyourprehension.D．Ifyoureadatextonewordatatime,thenthiswillslowyourreadingspeeddown.E．Herearesomespeedreadingtechniques.F．Oneofthereasonswhyyoureadslowlyisthatyouhavetopausesometimestounderstandwhatapassageissaying.G．Whenthetimergoesoff,checktoseehowfaryouhavegot.語篇解讀：本文介紹了幾個(gè)提高速讀技巧的方法。1．解析：選E上文提到速讀不僅能提高閱讀理解力量，還能縮短學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，下文那么介紹了幾個(gè)提高速讀技巧的方法，由此可知，E項(xiàng)(下面是一些速讀技巧)符合語境，起到承上啟下的作用。應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。2．解析：選D本段主題是閱讀時(shí)要按詞組閱讀，而不是依據(jù)單個(gè)詞。設(shè)空后提到“readinggroupsorchunks(大量)ofwordsatonetime〞且However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)指依據(jù)單個(gè)詞來讀。故D項(xiàng)(假如你一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地閱讀，就會使閱讀速度放慢)符合語境。3．解析：選A本段主題是掃讀關(guān)鍵詞，A項(xiàng)(然后，快速掃瞄原文)與主題全都，且承接前一句“Toscan,first...〞應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4．解析：選B依據(jù)其他標(biāo)題的格式可將答案鎖定在B、C兩項(xiàng)；依據(jù)本段第一句中的關(guān)鍵信息“bytimingyourselfasyougo〞可知，本段主要是介紹閱讀計(jì)時(shí)的。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。5．解析：選G上文提到設(shè)定一個(gè)15分鐘的時(shí)間段，像平常一樣閱讀，G項(xiàng)(當(dāng)時(shí)間到了，檢查一下完成了多少)符合規(guī)律。應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.完形填空Doyouknowthatbodylanguageaccountsforover90%ofaconversation?That’swhymunicatingfacetofaceisalwaysbetterthanatelephoneconversation__1__ifyouaretryingtosellsomething!Yourbodylanguagewillgiveothersageneral__2__ofyouanditwillalsoshowyouremotions.It’sverydifficulttomakeyourbody__3__.It’seasytotellthedifferencebetweena__4__smileofpleasureandafalsesmile.Soifyouunderstandbodylanguagecodes(密碼),itisusuallypossibletoknowwhatsomeonereally__5__，whatevertheymaybesayingwith__6__.Althoughmuchofourbodylanguageisuniversal,alotisalso__7__.Culturecodesvaryfromonecountrytoanotherandtheycan__8__misunderstandings.Evensimplegesturesmayhaveapletelydifferentmeaninginotherpartsoftheworld.Forexample,thecircle__9__madewiththreeraisedfingersmeans“OK〞intheUnitedStates.Butitisnotuniversal.InBrazil,GreeceandGermanyitisa__10__gestureshowingdisrespectandinJapanitmeans“money〞！InmanyAsiancultures,itisnotappropriateformenandwomentotouchinpublic.Therefore,displaysofaffectionsuchas__11__handsorkissingarenot__12__.InsomepartsofAsia,__13__，itismonforpeopleofthesamesextoholdhandsasasignof__14__.Greetingsvaryaccordingtothecountryandthesexofthepeopleinvolved.Inthewest,itisappropriatetoshakehandswhenyou__15__someoneforthefirsttimeandbothmenandwomencan__16__ahandshake.InIndonesia,forexample,amanwillnotofferahandshaketoanIndonesianwoman__17__theyareinabusinesssituation.Ifyouwanttoavoidmaking__18__mistakeswhenyoutraveltoothercountries,youshould__19__theirbasicculturecodesbeforeyouleave.Ifyoudothis,youarelesslikelyto__20__people.語篇解讀：文章主要敘述了肢體語言在不同國家的不同含義。肢體語言會給他人留下對你的總體印象，也會顯示出你的心情。讓你的身體撒謊很難，但區(qū)分真誠的歡樂微笑和假笑很簡潔。1．A.namely B．particularlyC．importantly D．practically解析：選Bnamely意為“也就是，換句話說〞；particularly意為“特殊地，尤其〞；importantly意為“重要地〞；practically意為“實(shí)際地〞。前文提到面對面溝通比溝通效果好，下文列舉了一個(gè)特殊的狀況：試圖向別人推銷東西的時(shí)候。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2．A.imagination B．descriptionC．expression D．impression解析：選Dimagination意為“想象〞；description意為“描述〞；expression意為“表達(dá)〞；impression意為“印象〞。肢體語言會給他人留下對你的總體印象。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。3．A.lie B．talkC．a(chǎn)ct D．conduct解析：選Alie意為“撒謊〞；talk意為“說〞；act意為“行動〞；conduct意為“表現(xiàn)；管理〞。依據(jù)上文的“itwillalsoshowyouremotions〞可知，肢體語言會反映人的心情，故此處指讓你的身體撒謊很難。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4．A.polite B．shyC．sincere D．ready解析：選Cpolite意為“禮貌的〞；shy意為“大方的〞；sincere意為“真誠的〞；ready意為“預(yù)備的〞。既然身體很難撒謊，那么區(qū)分真誠的歡樂微笑和假笑很簡潔。該空和后面的“false(虛假的)〞對應(yīng)，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。5．A.cares B．meansC．shows D．considers解析：選Bcare意為“關(guān)懷；在乎〞；mean意為“意思是〞；show意為“展現(xiàn)；說明〞；consider意為“考慮；認(rèn)為〞。前文提到身體很難撒謊，由此可知通過肢體語言，通常有可能了解一個(gè)人真正的意思是什么。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。6．A.words B．examplesC．feelings D．movements解析：選Aword意為“詞語；話語〞；example意為“例子；典范〞；feeling意為“感受；感情；感覺〞；movement意為“行動〞。由句意可知選A項(xiàng)。7．A.exact B．foreignC．cultural D．similar解析：選Cexact意為“精確?????的；精確的〞；foreign意為“國外的〞；cultural意為“文化的〞；similar意為“相像的〞。由句中的Although以及universal(通用的，普遍的)可知，該空表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)和universal相反，再結(jié)合下句中的“Culturecodes〞，可知選C項(xiàng)。句意：雖然我們大多數(shù)的肢體語言具有普遍性，但很多也具有文化性。8．A.clearup B．cutdownC．referto D．leadto解析：選Dclearup意為“清理〞；cutdown意為“砍倒〞；referto意為“參考〞；leadto意為“導(dǎo)致〞。句意：每個(gè)國家的文化密碼各不相同，且文化密碼會導(dǎo)致誤會。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。9．A.sign B．markC．shape D．figure解析：選Asign意為“跡象；手勢〞；mark意為“標(biāo)記；分?jǐn)?shù)〞；shape意為“外形〞；figure意為“數(shù)字〞。句意：例如三根舉起的手指加上一個(gè)圓圈組成的手勢在是OK的意思，但這個(gè)手勢不是通用的。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。10．A.helpless B．rudeC．dangerous D．casual解析：選Bhelpless意為“無助的〞；rude意為“粗魯?shù)抹?；dangerous意為“危急的〞；casual意為“隨便的〞。由下文的“showingdisrespect〞可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。句意：在巴西、希臘和德國，這是粗魯?shù)氖謩?，顯示不敬重，在這是“錢〞的意思！11．A.shaking B．touchingC．raising D．holding解析：選Dshakehands意為“握手〞；touchhands意為“觸摸手〞；raisehands意為“舉手〞；holdhands意為“牽手〞。句意：因此，表示喜愛(的行為)，比方牽手或親吻都是不行接受的。shakehands表示握手，是社交場合禮貌性的行為，而語境中指的是男女伴侶間的“牽手〞。本段最終一句的“holdhands〞為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。12．Afortable B．suitableC．a(chǎn)cceptable D．reasonable解析：選Cfortable意為“舒適的〞；suitable意為“適宜的〞；acceptable意為“可接受的〞；reasonable意為“合理的〞。句意：因此，比方牽手或親吻都是不行接受的。13．A.therefore B．otherwiseC．however D．besides解析：選Ctherefore意為“因此〞；otherwise意為“否那么〞；however意為“然而〞；besides意為“除……外，還〞。該句和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。句意：然而，在亞洲的一些地方，人們普遍與同性牽手以表示友情。14．A.friendship B．loveC．a(chǎn)dmiration D．concern解析：選A句意見上題解析。friendship意為“友情〞；love意為“愛〞；admiration意為“艷羨〞；concern意為“關(guān)懷〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。15．A.know B．introduceC．a(chǎn)pproach D．meet解析：選Dknow意為“知道〞；introduce意為“介紹〞；approach意為“接近〞；meet意為“遇見〞。由下文的“forthefirsttime〞以及“ahandshake〞可知，這里介紹的是第一次見面的狀況。句意：在西方，在你初次和某人見面時(shí)握手是適宜的。16．A.suggest B．startC．demand D．follow解析：選Bsuggest意為“建議〞；start意為“開頭〞；demand意為“要求〞；follow意為“跟隨〞。此處是說男性和女性都可以先握手。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。17．A.unless B．untilC．if D．while解析：選Aunless意為“除非；假如不〞；until意為“直到〞；if意為“假如〞；while意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候〞。句意：例如，在印度尼西亞，假如不是談生意時(shí)，男士不會主動同女士握手。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。18．A.surprising B．disappointingC．embarrassing D．interesting解析：選Csurprising意為“令人驚異的〞；disappointing意為“令人絕望的〞；embarrassing意為“令人為難的〞；interesting意為“好玩的〞。句意：假如你想防止到其他國家旅行時(shí)犯一些為難的錯誤，你就應(yīng)當(dāng)在動身前了解他們的根本文化密碼。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。19．A.experience B．developC．respect D．understand解析：選D句意見上題解析。experience意為“經(jīng)受〞；develop意為“開展〞；respect意為“敬重〞；understand意為“理解，懂〞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。20．A.worry B．offenseC．a(chǎn)ffect D．disturb解析：選Bworry意為“擔(dān)憂〞；offense意為“冒犯〞；affect意為“影響〞；disturb意為“打斷；打攪〞。句意：假如你這樣做，你就可能少冒犯別人了。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。Ⅳ.語法填空InHangzhou,borrowingbooksfromthelibraryisnowassimpleasshoppingonline:click,pay__1__waitfordelivery.Thecity’spubliclibraryrecentlylaunchedaprogramonWeChat,__2__popularChinesemessagingsoftware,enablingitsreaderstocheckoutbooksonlineandgetthem__3__(deliver)totheirhomesatlowprices.Toenjoythe“Hangzhouenjoyablereading〞service,onefirstneedstofollowthelibrary’sofficialWeChataccount,__4__providesalistofbooks.Afterpickingbooks,borrowersarerequired__5__(present)theirinformationsuchastheirlibrarymembershipcards,cellphonenumbersandsoon.Theselecteditemswillbedeliveredbyexpresswithinthreedaysafterpayments.Eachreadercanborrowupto5booksonceand20booksatmost__6__total.Thebookscanbekeptforupto40days.Readersnowcanborrowthelibrary’smostpopularbooksinthisway.Theonlinebookswillberenewedandenriched__7__(gradual)accordingtoreaders’borrowinghabitsand__8__(prefer).AttheendofDecember,thelibrary’soldandclassicbooks__9__(put)onlinetoo,makingthetotalnumberofbooksavailableandbringingborrowersalotof__10__(convenient)．語篇解讀：本文介紹了杭州公共圖書館在微信平臺開放網(wǎng)上借書，并可以送書到家，和網(wǎng)上購物一樣便利。1．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。句意：如今在杭州從圖書館借書就像網(wǎng)上購物一樣簡潔：點(diǎn)擊、支付、等待送貨。click，pay與wait為并列的三個(gè)動詞，最終兩個(gè)動詞之間用and連接。故填and。2．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。句意：該城市的公共圖書館最近在一個(gè)流行的中國通信軟件——微信上推出了一個(gè)程序，使讀者可以以低價(jià)在線借書，并送貨到家。此處泛指“一個(gè)流行的中國通信軟件〞，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。3．delivered考查非謂語動詞。句意參見上一題解析。此處為“get＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)〞結(jié)構(gòu)，them指代books，與deliver之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。getsth.done為固定搭配，意為“使某物被……〞。故填delivered。4．which考查定語從句。句意：為了享受“杭州悅讀〞效勞，人們首先需要關(guān)注圖書館的官方微信賬號，它會供應(yīng)一個(gè)圖書清單。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為account，指物，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)該從句。5．“需要/要求某人做某事〞，為固定搭配。此處為其被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故填topresent。6．in考查介詞。句意：每位讀者一次最多能借閱5本書，最多總共能借閱20本書。intotal意為“總共〞，為固定短語。故填in。7．gradually考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：依據(jù)讀者的借閱習(xí)慣和喜好，線上圖書會漸漸更新和豐富。設(shè)空處修飾動詞renewed和enriched，應(yīng)用副詞。故填gradually。8．preferences考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意參見上一題解析。設(shè)空處和名詞habits并列，用and連接，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填preferences。9．willbeput考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到12月底，圖書館的舊書和經(jīng)典書也將上線，使得全部書都可以被借閱，帶給借閱者更多便利。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“AttheendofDecember〞可知用一般將來時(shí)，且put和books之間為被動關(guān)系，故用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填willbeput。10．convenience考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意參見上一題解析。設(shè)空處作動詞bring的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞。故填convenience。Ⅴ.短文改錯Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.AndthismorningIwentonfoot.Onthewaytoschool,Ihappentowitnessanaccident.Amiddle-agedwomanwasknockeddownbyacarwhilecrossesthestreet.Seeingthatwashappeningonthescene,Imaderushforthewomantohelp.Onepasser-bygotoutofhiscellphoneandcalledthepolice.Ihelpedtocarrythewomantosafeanddressherwound.Aroundtenminuteslate,anambulancearrivedandtookhimtohospital.Icontinuedmywaytoschool,feelinghappilythatIcouldoffersomehelpintime.答案：其次句：And→But第三句：happen→happened第四句：crosses→crossing第五句：that→what;rush前加a第六句：去掉of第七句：safe→safety第八句：late→later;him→her第九句：happily→happy單元質(zhì)量檢測(二)(時(shí)間：100分鐘總分值：120分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分)閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。AExperienceaboutfoodisabouttheplace,thetimeandthepeople,and“thebestmeal〞canbefoundinafinediningrestaurantoracrowdedstreetmarket.Howcanyourecreatethatspecialmomentinfluencedbyplaceandtime?Travelisbeingthemostpopularreasontovisitmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Herearetheplacesthatconsistentlyexcitethesenses.SouthofFranceMarketswithfreshfruitsandvegetablesandbutchershopsareabundant.Regional(地區(qū)的)winesareexcellent.AndfreshlybakedFrenchbreadwithFrenchbutteriswhatmemoriesaremadeof.Takeachairinanancientwalledcityforamealwithaviewthatyouwillneverforget.BarcelonaThisbustlingcityfilledwithuniquebuildingsisacityforloversofhistory,architecture,andfood.KioskoUniversal,acounterrestaurantatonecornerofthemarket,preparessomeofthesimplestandbestfoodwe’veeverhad.Giveyourselfaweektoexploreandseeeverythingthecityoffers.Thecityisnottobemissed.ItalyIt’shardtochooseoneplaceorcitytovisit.SomeofourfavoriteplacesincludethecoastalregionsontheAdriaticandTuscany.Friulistoleourheartslastyearwithitsmanyuniquewines,smallartisanfoodproducers,andinfluencesfromneighboringcountrieslikeAustriaandGermany.MexicoCityFromunbelievablefoodmarketsandcasualstreetstands,MexicoCityhasbeetheplacetotravelforfoodlovers.Ifyouwanttoeatlocally,orderaHurache,astreetfoodspecialty.AllyouneedisthelocalmicrobreworMezcal(梅斯卡爾酒)towashitdown.語篇解讀：本文向讀者介紹了四個(gè)可以觀賞美景、品嘗美食的旅游勝地。1．Wherecanyoutastedeliciousfoodwhileenjoyingbeautifulscenery?A．SouthofFrance. B．Barcelona.C．Italy. D．MexicoCity.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)標(biāo)題SouthofFrance下的最終一句“Takeachairinanancientwalledcityforamealwithaviewthatyouwillneverforget.〞可知，法國南部風(fēng)景宜人且美食迷人。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。2．WhatisKioskoUniversal?A．Amarket. B．Abutchershop.C．Arestaurant. D．Astreetstand.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)標(biāo)題Barcelona下的其次句“KioskoUniversal,acounterrestaurantatonecornerofthemarket...〞可知，KioskoUniversal是一個(gè)飯店。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。3．WhatdoyouneedtohelpswallowHurachewheneatingit?A．Bread. B．Alcohol.C．Juice. D．Fruit.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)標(biāo)題MexicoCity下的最終兩句“Ifyouwanttoeatlocally,orderaHurache,astreetfoodspecialty.AllyouneedisthelocalmicrobreworMezcal(梅斯卡爾酒)towashitdown.〞可知，吃Hurache需要喝微釀啤酒或梅斯卡爾酒。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。4．Whatdothefourplaceshaveinmon?A．Theyarefamousforwines.B．Theyhaveancientbuildings.C．TheylieinEurope.D．Theyarenotedfortastyfood.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，這四個(gè)地方的共同點(diǎn)是都有美味的食物。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。BIn1957,MaxVernonMathewswrotethefirstputerprogramcalledMusic,whichenabledaputertocreatesoundandplayitback.HewasthenworkingasanengineeratBellLaboratoriesinNewJersey.ItenabledalargeIBMputertoplayaseventeen-secondpieceofmusichehadwritten.Theputerwassoslowthatittookanhourtoplaytheseventeen-secondpieceofmusic.SoMathewsmovedtheworktoatapeplayertoplaythemusicatanormalspeed.Helatersaidthatthesoundqualityofthemusicalnoteswasnotgreat,butthetechnicalimportanceofthemusicwashuge.Thescience-fictionwriterArthurC.ClarkevisitedBellLaboratoriesinthe1960s.Heheardaputer“sing〞thesongDaisyBellondevices(設(shè)備)andlearnedabouttheprogramsdevelopedbyMathewsandotherengineers.Clarkenotedthistechnologyinhisbook2001:ASpaceOdyssey,whichwaslatermadeintoamovie.MathewscontinuedcreatingotherversionsoftheMusicprogram.Hebecameinterestedinhowputerscouldhelpmusiciansoutsiderecordingstudios.TheGrooveprogramhedevelopedwasthefirstputerprogrammadeforliveperformances.HealsodevelopedanelectronicdevicehecalledtheRadioBaton,whichlooksliketwodrumsticks.Itenablestheusertocontrolthespeedandsoundlevelsoforchestralmusic(管弦樂)playedonaputerbymovingthetwosticksonaspecialelectronicsurface.Mathewssaidhebelievedmodernmusicianswerenotmakingfulluseofthepowerofputermusic.Hesaidaviolinalwayssoundslikeaviolin.ButwithhisMusic,thewayaviolinsoundsisunlimited.Hedidnotwantputersoundstoreplacelivemusic,buthehopedputerswouldonedaybeconsideredseriousinstruments.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。MaxVernonMathews把音樂與計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)合起來，制造了魅力無窮的計(jì)算機(jī)音樂。5．WhydidClarkevisitBellLaboratories?A．Tomakehisbookintoamovie.B．TohelpMathewsdevelopMusic.C．Tosatisfyhisowncuriosityaboutmusic.D．Togathermaterialsforhisliterarycreation.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段可知，Clarke在他的一本書里涉及了Mathews的電子音樂技術(shù)。由此可推知，Clarke主要是為文學(xué)創(chuàng)作獵取素材才去BellLaboratories的。6．WhatelectronicmusictoolsdidMathewscreate?A．Somethingusedtorecordlivemusic.B．Somethingusedtocreatespecialsound.C．Somethingusedtoimproveputermusic.D．Somethingusedtocreateputermusic.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段可知，制作計(jì)算機(jī)音樂時(shí)，RadioBaton可以用來掌握管弦樂的速度、聲級等，能改良音樂。7．WhatdoesMathewsthinkofhisMusic?A．Itismorepleasanttotheear.B．Itcanhelpmakemoresounds.C．Itwillfinallyreplacetheviolin.D．Itismorepopularthanlivemusic.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，一般小提琴發(fā)出的聲音就是那一種，用Mathews的Music可以讓它的聲音有很多種，即他的Music能關(guān)心發(fā)出更多聲音。8．WhatcanwelearnaboutMathews?A．Heisthefatherofputermusic.B．Hiscreationsucceededonthefirsttry.C．HewroteMusictoreplaceinstruments.D．Hechangedthefunctionsofputers.解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)全文可知，是Mathews首先制造了計(jì)算機(jī)音樂，并進(jìn)而開展出一系列與音樂相關(guān)的電子產(chǎn)品，在音樂界掀起了一場革命，故他是計(jì)算機(jī)音樂之父。CThemostplexobjectknowntohumanityisthehumanbrain—andnotonlyisitplex,butitisoneofthefewnaturalphenomenathatsciencehasnoconsciousnessof.Totrytoreplicate(復(fù)制)somethingthatissopoorlyunderstoodmaythereforeseemlikepride.Butyouhavetostartsomewhere,andInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM)andtheEcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne(EPFL),inSwitzerland,proposetostartbyreplicating“insilico〞，oneofthebrain’sbuildingblocks.Inapartnershipannounced,thetwoorganizationssaidtheywouldbeworkingtogethertobuildasimulation(模擬)ofastructureknownasaneo-cortical(新大腦皮質(zhì)的)columnonatypeofIBMsuperputerthatiscurrentlyusedtostudythemolecularfunctioningofgenes.Ifthatworks,theyplantousemorepowerfulputerstolinksuchsimulatedcolumnstogetherintosomethingthatmimics(仿照)abrain.Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumnisacylindrical(圓柱形的)elementaboutathirdofamillimeterindiameterandthreemillimeterslong.Itisthesecolumns,arrangedsidebysidelikethecellsofahoneyb,whichmakeupthefamous“greymatter〞thathasbeeshorthandforhumanintelligence.TheBlueGene/Lsuperputerthatwillbeusedforthesimulationconsistsofenoughindependentprocessorsforeachtobeprogrammedtomimicanindividualnervecellinacolumn.TheEPFL’scontributiontotheBlueBrainProjectwillbetocreateadigitaldescriptionofhowthecolumnsbehave.ThedatabasefromitsBrainMindInstitutewillprovidetherawmaterialforthesimulation.Biologistsandputerscientistswillthenconnecttheartificialnervecellsupinawaythatmimicsnature.Theywilldosobyassigningelectricalproperties(電能)tothem,andtellingthemhowtomunicatewitheachotherandhowtheyshouldmodifytheirconnectionswithoneanotherdependingontheiractivity.That_will_be_no_mean_feat.Evenasinglenervecellisplicated,notleastbecauseeachonehasabout10,000connectionswithothers.Andnervecellseingreatvariety—relying,forexample,ondifferentchemicaltransmitterstocarrymessagesacrossthoseconnections.Eventually,however,adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnshouldoccur.AssumingthatthegrowthofputingpowercontinuestofollowMoore’sLaw,theleaderofIBM’ssidethinksitshouldbepracticaltomimicanentirehumanbraininsilicothiswayintentofifteenyears.Suchanartificialbrainwould,ofcourse,beapowerfulresearchtool.Itwouldallowneurologicalexperimentsthatcurrentlytakedaysina“weblab〞tobeconductedinseconds.Theresearchershopethattheirsimulatedbrainwillrevealthesecretsofhowcertainpsychiatricandneurological,disordersdevelop.Butthatisprobablynottherealreasonfordoingit.Themostinterestingquestion,surely,iswhethersuchanartificialbrainwillbeintelligent,orconscious,orboth.語篇解讀：對于人類來說，人腦是的最簡單的物體，也是科學(xué)無法解釋的自然現(xiàn)象之一。國際商業(yè)機(jī)器公司和瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院嘗試使用超級計(jì)算機(jī)模擬新皮質(zhì)柱從而來仿照人腦。爭論人員盼望借此來探究人造大腦將會有什么功能，這樣的人造大腦是否是智能的或者有意識的，還是二者兼而有之。9．Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumn________.A．lookslikethecellsofahoneybB．isasimulationofastructureC．isthefamous“greymatter〞D．containsalargenumberofnervecells解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句可知，超級計(jì)算機(jī)中的每一個(gè)處理器被編程來仿照新皮質(zhì)柱中的單個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，所以足夠多的處理器被用來仿照新皮質(zhì)柱中的很多的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。由此可見，在真的大腦中，一個(gè)新皮質(zhì)柱包含大量的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D正確。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“That_will_be_no_mean_feat〞inParagraph5indicate?A．Itisratherdifficulttoconnecttheartificialnervecellsup.B．Thefunctionofchemicaltransmittersishardtounderstand.C．Adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnistime-consuming.D．Asinglenervecellisplicatedtoidentifyacrossconnections.解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第三句和第五段其次句可知，單一的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞是簡單的，而每一個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞與其他神經(jīng)細(xì)胞之間的聯(lián)系還有約10000次，所以生物學(xué)家和電腦科學(xué)家將人造的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞連接到一起是一件相當(dāng)簡單的事情。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A符合題意。nomeanfeat為固定短語，意為“特別了不起；絕非易事〞。11．Thefundamentalpurposeofdoingtheresearchisprobably________.A．tosimulateanentirehumanbraininsilicoB．totellushowsomecertaindisordersemergeC．todiscoverhowtheartificialbrainwouldworkD．toexaminewhetherMoore’sLawisstillfunctioning解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段最終兩句可知，最有意義的問題是這樣的人造大腦是否是智能的或者有意識的，還是二者兼而有之。明顯這個(gè)爭論的根本目的是為了探究人造大腦將會有什么功能。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C正確。DArecentStanfordstudyfoundthatAmerica’sstudentsareshockinglybadattellingfactfromfictioninthisdigitalage.It’sapparentthatsomethinghastochangeinthenation’sclassrooms.Thatsomething,accordingtoProfessorSamWineburg,oneofthoseStanfordresearchers,is“practice.〞“Howdotheybeepreparedtomakethechoicesaboutwhattobelieve,whattoforward,whattoposttotheirfriends，〞WineburgaskedonNPR’sAllThingsConsidered,“whenteachersgivenopracticetothem？〞PatriciaHunt,anexperiencedteacheratWakefieldHighSchoolinArlington,Va.,isdoingsomethingshehasneverdonebefore:helpingtopilotanew,digitalcoursecalledthecheckologyvirtualclassroom.ItesfromthenonprofitTheNewsLiteracyProject.Hunt’sstudents,mostofthemseniors,workinthreesorfours.They’representedwithaseriesofstoriesthatarerapidlyandbroadlyspreadviatheInternet.Somearefalseinformation.Someareads.Andsomearepurefact.“Wedon’tknowwhichiswhichatthispoint，〞laughsstudentKahderSmith.“Weactuallyhavetositdown,takeourtime,andactuallyreadthem.AndprobablyGooglesomestuff