主旨大意2021/5/91Step1:Lead-inAmothermousewasoutforawalkwithherbabieswhenshefoundacatbehindabush.Shewatchedthecat,andthecatwatchedthemice.Mothermousebarkedfiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”thecatwassofrighteredthatitranforit’slife.Mothermouseturnedtoherbabiesandsaid,”Now,doyouunderstandthevalueofasecondlanguage?”Whatisthestorymainlyabout?Itisimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.2021/5/92主旨大意

考查學(xué)生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。2021/5/93Step2:Questionformsaboutthemainidea1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類(lèi)主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標(biāo)題類(lèi)主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…2021/5/94

Step3:Howtogetthemainidea1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2)找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時(shí)，我們可以：

讀首句抓大意

讀尾句抓大意

在中間抓大意讀首尾段抓大意

3.)主題句隱含在全文中

無(wú)主題句隱含在全文中明顯主題句時(shí)高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。2021/5/95Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說(shuō)明文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。2021/5/96Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

2021/5/97Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.2021/5/981)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點(diǎn)看其后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

主題句在短文中間2021/5/99Sample4ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid…...“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（4）首尾呼應(yīng)為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方式也較為多見(jiàn).通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味.2021/5/910

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān)2021/5/911

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.2021/5/912

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān)2021/5/913Practicemakesperfect2021/5/914

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.AShowTime2021/5/9152.Manypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.…Nameornoname?Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewantto.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement,aclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonorourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithournamethatwehonorwhatwesay.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.honorandwritersB.identityandsignatureC.signature(簽名)andresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature2021/5/9163.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter…

…ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷2021/5/9174

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)2021/5/9185.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don’tjudgeothersbyappearance.So,itisfoolishtojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceTrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance2021/5/9196.即主題句隱含在全文中,沒(méi)有明確的主題句.必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。

JoshuaBin