2SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandin［A］Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峽灣)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica'sfirstOrthodoxchurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnow labourershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartof 'sntooperatefivebasesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleequartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone, 'sfuturisticnewBharathibasebuiltonstilts(樁子using134interlockingshipcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncednstobuildbases,［B］Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtonttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.［C］Theneweryersarestepintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabslikeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷蝦),foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuarieshere.［D］SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwateronthenet.Nationsarealsopressingahead3withspaceresearchandsaliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigation［E］BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsarennedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.［F］ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthrough ofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe'reheretostay,”saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.［G］Antarctica'smineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-teamprize.Thetreatybanningmininghereshieldingcoveted(令人垂涎的reservesofironorecoalandchromiumcomesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利巖)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnatural［H］BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotaptheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoretforms.ThenthereisAntarctica'sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.［I］ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica'streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewZealand.［J］BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeonthenet'sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.hasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithnstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneofthenet'scoldestces.officialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheirmoves.4［K］'snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated.Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch,”NingXu,53,thechiefofthe base,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴風(fēng)雪)inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,a microbiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthof 'sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s.“Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,”hesaid.［L］AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere'ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycominaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakersthanRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.［M］ScholarswarnthatAntarctica'spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent'streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting()signalsfromsalitesorretaskingsalitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicinligence［N］Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere.Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportnehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile'sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.［O］However,Brazil'sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesfor ,withawinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.researchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia'shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitnnedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.［Q］“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover,”saidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”Accordingtoofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificEffortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseof5WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica'sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.Accordingtogeologists'estimates,AntarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica'streatiesbeforetheirManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.AmericanscientistscominaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingAnyvennicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,stripcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn'twhytheernment—underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstce.inpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics(麻醉劑).Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhyernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(懲罰性的)dutiesThisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsinpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButthenwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron'selectionndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadviser'soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,health6ministerJaneEllisonsaidtheernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveavotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedtheernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforinpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(嘆惜)thatchocolateorangescedseductivelyatsupermarketcheckoutsfueledobesity.Theernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealth,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.CameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccoWhatdochainsmokersthinkofcigaretteFancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewIthaslittletodowiththequalityortasteof inpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupD)IthaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitWhathastheUKernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccoPassalawtostandardisecigaretteRidcigarettecartonsofallSubsidisecompaniestoadoptinReclassifycigarettesaccordingtoWhathashappenedinAustraliawhereinpackagingisPrematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghaveThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheThesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedCigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheWhyhasittakensolongforthe ernmenttoconsiderinPrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeThereisstrongoppositionfrom nnicotineManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtoPressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsWhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketTheyfueledalotofTheyattractedalotofTheymademoreBritishpeopleTheyhadcertainingredientsPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingWhatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof￡44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom￡1,0007to￡9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn'tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduateNowonderithas efashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethanelaboratecon-tricks(騙術(shù)).There'salotforstudentstocominabout:therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans;andmaintenancegrantshavebeenrecedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn'tworkout,studentspaylittle—ifany—oftheirtuitionfeesback:youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning￡21,000year.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It'snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity;studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevultures(兀鷹).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.1i.eanupper-secondclassdegreefromaneliteuniversity.Studentsatuniversityalsomeetthoselikelytobeinleadingjobsinthefuture,formingcontactsforlife.Thismightnotberight,butschool-leaverswhofailtoacknowledgeasmuchriskmakingthewrongdecisionaboutgoingtouniversity.Perhapsthereasonwhysomanyuniversitiesoffertheirstudentssolittleistheyknowstudyingatatopuniversityremainsabrilliantinvestmentevenifyoudon'tlearnanything.Studyingatuniversitywillonly elessattractiveifemployersshifttheirfocusawayfromwheresomeonewenttouniversity—andthereisnosignofthathappeninganytimesoon.School-leaversmaymoan,buttheyhavelittlechoicebuttoembraceuniversityandthestudentdebtthatcomeswithit.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofgoingtoItisworthwhileafterItissimplyawasteofItishardtosaywhetheritisgoodorItistooexpensiveformostyoungWhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemploymentsituationofBritishuniversityFewofthemaresatisfiedwiththejobstheyareItusuallytakesalongtimeforthemtofindadecentGraduatesfromeliteuniversitiesusuallycangetdecentMostofthemtakejobswhichdon'trequireacollegeWhatdoestheauthorsayisimportantforuniversitystudentsbesidesclassroomMakingsuretoobtainanupper-secondclassPracticalskillstheywillneedintheirfuture ctionsamongthemselvesoutsidetheWhatissaidtobeanadvantageofgoingtoLearninghowtotakerisksinanever-changing8MeetingpeoplewhowillbehelpfultoyouintheHavingopportunitiesofyingaleadingroleinGainingup-to-dateknowledgeinscienceandWhatcanweinferfromthelastItisnaturalforstudentstomakecomintsaboutuniversityFewstudentsarewillingtobeartheburdenofdebtincurredat ingattractivetostudentswhocanaffordTheprestigeoftheuniversityinfluencesemployers'recruitmentPartⅣ (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.農(nóng)業(yè)的一個重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，從業(yè)者超過3億。中國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量全球第一，主要生產(chǎn)水供了糧食。中國7700年前開始種植水稻。早在使用機(jī)械和化肥之前，勤勞和富有創(chuàng)造性的就已經(jīng)采用各種各樣的方法來增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。中國農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展是推進(jìn)有（3PartI這是一篇六級考試作文中常見題式作文，此次話題creation(創(chuàng)新（factors,success,creationmostimportanthumanresource）并借助名言闡述創(chuàng)新在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會進(jìn)步和個人成功方面的重要作用（,economy,society,advance,essential,individuals,newideas）社會傳媒應(yīng)宣傳創(chuàng)造力的重要性，讓人們創(chuàng)新的重要性，并鼓勵公眾培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識（realizethesignificanceofcreation,advocating,value,awareness）對具有創(chuàng)造性思維的人進(jìn)行物質(zhì)和精神（creativethinking,praise,materially,,9On①Throughouttheages,wehaveconcludedanumberoffactorsthatcontributetosuccess,amongwhichiscreation.②Justasthesayinggoes,“risnodoubtthatcreationisthemostimportanthumanresourceofl.”③Notonlyiscreationthedrivingeconomyandsocietytoadvance,butitisalsoessentialtothedevelopmentofindividuals.④Thosewhooftencomeupwithnewideasaremorelikelytoachievesuccess,whileamanwhoalwaysstickstohabitandexperiencecanhardlycreatenewthings.⑤Intermsofgivingmeasurestoencouragecreation,Iwilllistthefollowingones.⑥Ontheonehand,thepublicareexpectedtorealizethesignificanceofcreation,sothesocialmediashouldyitsdueroleinadvocatingthevalueofinnovationandencouragingthepublictocultivatetheawarenessofcreation.⑦Ontheotherhand,thosewhoareequippedwithcreativethinkingdeservesomekindofpraise,bothmateriallyandspiritually.⑧Creationhasbeenahotwordforalongtimeandwecannotemphasizetheimportanceofcreationtoomuch.⑨Therefore,weshouldsparenoefforttolearnknowledgeasmuchaspossibletoprepareourselvesforbeingcreativepeople.②名言強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)新的重要性⑥⑦用Ontheonehand…Ontheotherhandcomeupwith提出stickto堅持intermsof…yone'sdueroleinadvocatecultivate培養(yǎng)creativethinkingemphasizecatalystforsocialprogressgiveexnationsto…對……做出解cevalueon關(guān)注enhancepropaganda宣傳essence本質(zhì)，實質(zhì)rein加beeliminatedby…被……淘汰fiercecompetitionCreationysanessentialroleinourlife.Haditnotbeenforit,wecouldnothavelivedinThoughthereisalongwaytogoinencouragingcreation,yetoureffortswillberewardedfinally.盡管在鼓勵創(chuàng)新方面還有很長的路要走，但是我們的努力最終將會得到回報。PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA其中一些已經(jīng)從地球表面（26）了，另一些正在慢慢消亡，但它們?nèi)荚诮佑|（28）擴(kuò)張的機(jī)器文明的過程中（27）經(jīng)歷了改變。不同類型的人融入普通人群之中，同時造成穿長裙的阿米什女人。雖然阿米什人已經(jīng)和（32）工業(yè)化的共存了250多年，但是他阿米什人經(jīng)常被人（33）看作過去歲月的遺留，他們過著簡單、刻板的生活，并在期間，阿米什人這種謹(jǐn)慎的不融合被大眾所，畢竟他們是（35）踐行名詞：B)conveniences便利；H)process過程；I)progress進(jìn)步；L)terminals終端動詞：A)accessing接近，獲?。籉)perceived把……看作，認(rèn)為；G)practice實行，踐行；K)survived幸存，生還；M)undergone經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷；O)vanished形容詞：C)destined注定的；D)expanding擴(kuò)張的；E)industrialized工業(yè)化的；J)respective各自的；N)universal全體的，普遍存在的O)vanished?？崭裎挥诰渥拥闹^語動詞位置，在have之后，據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)填入動詞的過另一些……”可知，答案為O)aise。，undergone，Mundergone?？崭裎挥诰渥拥闹^語動詞位置，處于haveM)drgo“經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷”能修飾changes。本句含義為“它們?nèi)荚诮佑|擴(kuò)張的機(jī)器文明cedcssiedcnesD)expandinganmachinecivilization判斷應(yīng)填入形容詞，且此形容詞應(yīng)以元音音素開頭。根據(jù)句意“它們?nèi)荚诮佑|機(jī)器文明的過程中經(jīng)歷了改變”可知，答案為D)expanding“擴(kuò)張的。respectiveuniversal普遍存在的這三個詞均以輔音音素開頭，不能與an連用，故均排除；industrialized意為K)survived。空格位于句子的謂語動詞位置，處于have之后，據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)填入動詞的合要求，為正確答案。本句句意為“阿米什人在殖民時期來到了，他們在現(xiàn)代世界中以在備選項中，perceivedasH)process?？崭裎挥谡麄€句子的賓語部分，據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)句意“阿米什人比其他人更成功地抗拒了同質(zhì)化”可知，H)process“過程”符合語境，為正確答案。在，teminals，不能與homogenization搭配使用，故排除。Lterminalsrailwaybus。railwayterminal意為“火車站，busterminal意為“汽車站。，progress只有E)industrialized“工業(yè)化的”能修飾America，為正確答案。本句含義為“阿米什人已respectiveuniversal的過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意“阿米什人經(jīng)常被人過去歲月的遺留”可知，答案為F)B)ceec“人。在備選項中，progress意為“進(jìn)步，與文意不符，且與后面出現(xiàn)的Americandreamofsuccessandprogress重復(fù)，故排除。斷應(yīng)填入及物動詞。根據(jù)句意“阿米什人是勞動和節(jié)儉美德的好農(nóng)民”可知，G)practiceSection 在南極洲計劃的五個中最關(guān)鍵的部分，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完善，擁有一個室內(nèi)羽毛球館和能容納150人的睡眠區(qū)。也不甘示弱，其未來主義的新巴拉迪是用134個連鎖船運(yùn)集裝箱建在樁子上的，形似太空飛船。土耳其和伊朗也宣布了建設(shè)的計劃。洲資源，比如豐富的海洋生物。擁有此處最先進(jìn)的韓國，正在加大對南大洋豐富的磷蝦的捕撈力度（37）而俄羅斯最近也傾盡全力在此建立世界上最大的海洋保護(hù)區(qū)之一。［D］（40）一些科學(xué)家正在研究從南極洲冰山的可能性，據(jù)估測，南極冰山蘊(yùn)藏著［E］（38）在時代的據(jù)點之上，俄羅斯正在擴(kuò)展它的格洛納斯監(jiān)測站，也就是俄羅 GPS全 的地位而做出的努力。在東正教圣三一教堂腳下，新的類似俄羅大略湖般大小的淡水儲備區(qū)。“我們就在這里留下了，57歲的別林斯高晉站站長弗拉基米利布·馮·別林斯高晉是俄羅斯上將，曾在1820年到南極沿海地區(qū)探險。處采礦、令人垂涎的鐵礦石、煤礦和鉻礦的條約預(yù)計將于2048年到期。最近研究者發(fā) 360［H］（43）除了南極條約，開發(fā)這些資源也著一些其他的巨大阻礙，比如可能會危［I］41)甚至在那之前，［］每個國家都成功地適應(yīng)了這里。留著絡(luò)腮胡的俄羅斯牧師在東正教堂為在南極過冬的約6暖的夏季極地科家的數(shù)會達(dá)0人右。概是在極洲相活動增最快的國32英尺以上，是地球上最冷的地之一。()表示，極的拓展科學(xué)研為重點不過［K］中國最近翻新了喬治王島上的站，相比之下，俄羅斯和智利的 伍了?！拔覀冊谶@里做天氣監(jiān)測和其他的研究工作，53歲的中國 就像個冰雪覆蓋的大學(xué)校園。整個南極洲的冬季，只有13個人住在這個足以容納十倍有插圖的時間表詳細(xì)介紹了自20世紀(jì)80年代以來中國在南極相關(guān)活動的快速增長“現(xiàn)在”1000［M］學(xué)者們警告，在南極條約重新談判期限到來之前，南極洲的政治搖擺就有可能會模糊軍事活動和民事活動之間的界限，尤其是在某些信號或者重設(shè)系統(tǒng)的理想［N］一些國家在這里并不順利。1984年，巴西在南極洲開設(shè)了一處站，但在2012附近沉沒。似乎這樣還不夠，在2014年，巴西一架C-130機(jī)在緊急迫降后， ［P］盡管經(jīng)歷了這些變化，但南極洲仍保持著它的。2014年，韓國開設(shè)了其在南極洲的第二處研究，稱該可以用于測試韓國研究人員開發(fā)的用于條件下的機(jī)器人。 ［Q］（44“南極洲被來自歐洲、澳大利亞和的白種人的利益和意愿主宰的時代已經(jīng)，“Accordingtoofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.定位由題干 officials定位到原文畫線處。［J］BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeonthenet'sdriest,andcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.hasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithnstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneofthenet'scoldestces.officialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“orcseuitinfluencetheirmoves.Effortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia's譯文定位由題干oneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuaries和Russia's定位到原文畫線［C］Theneweryersarestepintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷蝦),foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuarieshere.之一。題干中的obstruction對應(yīng)原文中的frustrated，故答案為［C。WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica'sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.譯文俄羅斯憑借著在南極洲運(yùn)營的幾座監(jiān)測站，正努力抗衡在世界范圍內(nèi)導(dǎo)航設(shè)備的定位由題干monitoringstations和Russia定位到原文畫線處［E］BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsarennedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity. GPS全球 應(yīng)原文中的challengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS，故答案為［E。Accordingtogeologists'estimates,Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnatural譯文定位由題干geologists,Antarctica和oilandnaturalgas定位到原文畫線處［G］Antarctica'smineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-teamprize.Thetreatybanningmininghereshieldingcovetedreservesofironorecoalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(巖)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.故答案為［G。ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateron譯文定位由題干Antarctica和freshwater定位到原文畫線處［D］SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwateronthenet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsaliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigation詳解［D］段第一句提到，據(jù)估測，南極冰山蘊(yùn)藏著地球上最大的淡水資源。題干中的onearth對應(yīng)原文中的onthenet，故答案為［D。ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica'streatiesbeforetheirexpiration.譯文定位由題 ［I］ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica'streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewZealand.促使各國重新協(xié)商南極條約，使之在禁令到期之前就允許商業(yè)上的訴求。題干中的compel對應(yīng)原文中的raisepressureto，故答案為［I。ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.譯文定位由題干strategic定位到原文畫線處。［B］Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtonttheirflagsattheoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.詳解［B］段最后一句提到，但是很多國家急于在此擴(kuò)張，不僅著眼于保護(hù)條約期限r(nóng)acingrushing；business對應(yīng)原文中的commercial，故答案為［B。Antarctica'sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofits譯文［H］BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotaptheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoretforms.ThenthereisAntarctica'sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.如可能會危及近海平臺的漂移冰山。題干中的harshnaturalconditions指的是定位段中提到的driftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoretforms及之后提到的暴風(fēng)、溫度等問題；題干中的exploitationofitsresources對應(yīng)原文中的taptheseresources，故答案為［HWithcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.定位由題干dominated定位到原文畫線處［Q］“TolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesarev,saidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TrealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallyontetd.詳解［Q］段第一句提到“南極洲被來自歐洲、澳大利亞和的白種人的利益和意愿主宰， isnolongerdominated對應(yīng)原文中的areover，故答案為［Q。AmericanscientistscominaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.定位由題干cominabout定位到原文畫線處。［L］AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere'ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycominaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakersthanRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.備數(shù)量也遠(yuǎn)不及俄羅斯，這些因素限制了在南極洲的開拓進(jìn)程。題干中的lackofsufficientmoney對應(yīng)原文中的budgetrestraints；equipment對應(yīng)原文中的fewericebreakers，故答案為［L。SectionCPassageOne 但這并不是——在慈善機(jī)構(gòu)、衛(wèi)生工作者和工黨的壓力之下——同意 是為什么歷來介入，香煙