2022年湖北某大學基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題

PartIGrammarandVocabulary(20minutes)!a20points!b

Inthispart,youhavetwentymultiplechoicequestions.Foreachquestionthereare

four

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(1*20、20

points)

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasacentraldeterminer(中位限定詞)?

A.every

B.half

C.such

D.another

2.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartexpressthemeaningprobably?

A.Hemighthavebeengone.

B.Youmustbeverytired.

C.Youmightnotgo.

D.Youmustfinishitinanhour.

3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?

A.WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.

B.Hamandeggsisagoodbreakfast.

C.Thesecretaryandassistantareabsent.

D.Nooneexcepttwogirlswaslisteningtotheconcert.

4.Frank,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.

A.tostop

B.stopping

C.stop

D.havingstopped

5.Whyareyoutakingdownallthepictures?

Itheroom.

A.amgoingtorepaint

B.amtorepaint

C.amrepaint

D.willrepaint

6.Thatsyoursister,?

A.isntit

B.isntthat

C.isntshe

D.isnther?

7.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,wesoformally.

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

8,,111marryhimallthesame.

A.Washerichorpoor,,

B.Whetherrichorpoor

C.Wereherichorpoor,,

D.Beherichorpoor

9.Dositdownandenjoythedrinkwithus,you?

A.cant?

B.dont?

C.wouldnt?

D.wont

10.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow.

A.wouldbegetting

B.couldhavegot

C.mustget

D.wouldget

11.1couldntfind,andsoItookthisone.

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatlargeenough

12.Wehadapartylastmonth,anditwasalotoffun,soletshaveonethismonth.

A.another

B.more

C.theother

D.other

13.Childrenareverycurious.

A.atheart

B.inperson

C.onpuipose

D.bynature

14.Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembersamatchwithoutastandard

court.

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

15.Theteacherdoesntpermitinclass.

A.smoke

B.tosmoke

C.smoking

D.tohaveasmoke

16.Twentypoundsenoughforsuchapoorfamilyspendforamonth.

A.were

B.being

C.havebeen

D.was

17.Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,planningaconferencefor

thepurposeoflayingdownaseriesofregulations.

A.were

B.are

C.is

D.will

18.Choosethemostappropriatewordtocompletethesentencewithanimperative

mood.

Yousitdown!

A.may

B.should

C.will

D.might

19.1gottomyofficeontime.

Whatifyourcar?

A.wouldbrokendown

B.brokedown

C.breaksdown

D.hadbrokendown

20.Wearephysicalbeings,andtherestoftheworldbythesurfaceofour

skins.

A.restricted/setout

B.bounded/setoff

C.bonded/setout

D.will/take

PartIIReadingComprehension(50minutes)(40points)

Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and

D).

Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(2*20'40points)

PassageOne

Question2125arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TobetterunderstandthenewhistoricalresolutionoftheCommunistPartyofChina

adoptedinthesixthplenarysessionofits19thCentralCommittee,onemustfirstlook

backonthePartyscenturylonghistoricalexperience.Whatweretheendeavorsthe

CPC

hascarriedoutoverthepastcentury?Andwhatachievementshasitmade?

Insummingupthoseendeavorsandachievements,theresolutionnotesatthe

beginning

ofitspreamble:Sinceitsfoundingin1921,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)has

remainedtruetoitsoriginalaspirationandmissionofseekinghappinessforthe

Chinese

peopleandrejuvenationfortheChinesenation.Stayingcommittedtocommunist

ideals

andsocialistconvictions,ithasunitedandledChinesepeopleofallethnicgroupsin

workingtirelesslytoachievenationalindependenceandliberation,andthentomake

our

countryprosperousandstrongandpursueabetterlife.Thepastcenturyhasbeena

gloriousjourney.Toputitsimply,theCPChassucceededindoingtwogreatthings

over

thepastcentury:First,itfoundedNewChinaafterachievingnationalindependence

and

liberation;second,ithassignificantlyenhancedthehappinessofthepeoplenotleast

by

makingthecountryricherandstrongerthaneverwithperseveringeffortsbasedon

socialistprinciples.,

TheCPCscenturylongendeavorscanbedividedintofourstages.Duringtheperiod

of

thenewdemocraticrevolution,i.e.,the28yearsfromtheestablishmentofthePartyto

thefoundingofNewChina,thePartyledthepeoplethroughbloodybattlesand

unyieldingstrugglestoachievethecountrysgreattransformationfromamillennia

old

feudalautocracytoapeoplesdemocracy.TheChinesepeoplehavesincestoodup,

shakingoffthecenturyofhumiliation,corroboratingthenotionthatwithoutthe

CommunistParty,therewouldbenoNewChina

Followingthatwastheperiodofsocialistrevolutionandconstruction,thatis,the29

years

betweenthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaandtheconventionofthe

third

plenarysessionofthe11thCentralCommittee,duringwhichthesocialistsystemwas

establishedandthecountrymanagedtobuildanindependent,relativelycomplete

industrialsystemandnationaleconomicsystemontheruinsofwars,withanew

worldin

sight.

Thencametheperiodofreformandopeningupwithanemphasisonsocialist

modernization,orthe33yearsbetweentheconventionofthethirdplenarysessionof

the

11thCentralCommitteeandthe18thNationalCongressoftheCPC,duringwhich

elementsofamarketeconomywereintroducedthroughoutthereformandopeningup

process.ThisraisedthelivingstandardofChinesepeoplefrombaresubsistenceto

moderateprosperityingeneralandmarkedthetremendousadvancementofthe

Chinese

nationfromstandinguptogrowingprosperous.

Andthemostrecentperiod,theneweraofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,

ushered

inbytheconventionofthe18thNationalCongressoftheCPC,haswitnessedhistoric

achievementsandseachangesinthecountry,aswellasthecountrystransitionfrom

standingup,growingprosperoustobecomingstrong.Duringthisperiod,theParty

took

intoaccountbothdomesticandinternationalimperatives,andsolvedmanytough

problemsthatwerelongontheagendabutneverresolvedandaccomplishedmany

things

thatwerewantedbutnevergotdone.

ThethreeperiodsfollowingthefoundingofthePRCwerededicatedtosocialist

construction.Whileeachperiodhaduniquefeatures,thePartyhasunwaveringly

stayed

true,allalong,toitsoriginalaspirationofservingthepeoplewell.,

TheCPCsendeavorshavetransformedthemodernhistoryofChina,puttinganend

toan

eracharacterizedbydisunity,division,weaknessandpoverty,aswellasforeign

invasion

andbullying.ThishasfundamentallychangedthefateoftheChinesepeopleandthe

Chinesenation.Indeed,thecountryssuccessfultransitionfromstandingup,growing

prosperoustobecomingstrongisatellingcommentontheCPCsendeavorsand

achievementsoverthepastcentury.Astheresolutionputsit,theendeavorsofthe

Party

andthepeopleoverthepastcenturyrepresentthemostmagnificentchapterinthe

millennialonghistoryoftheChinesenation.

Theresolutionillustrates,fromfiveperspectives,thehistoricalsignificanceofthe

CPCs

endeavorsoverthepastcentury:fundamentallytransformingthefutureoftheChinese

people;trailblazingtherightpathforachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinese

nation;

demonstratingthestrongvitalityofMarxism;producingapositiveimpactonthe

courseof

worldhistory;andmakingtheCPCapioneerofthetimes.Inthecontextofhuman

development,themodernizationpursuedbytheCPCisofsignificantglobalinfluence.

As

everynationseeksitsuniquepathofmodernization,theCPChasmanagedto

trailblazea

paththatdovetailswithChinasactualconditionsbutisuniquefromthatoftheWest.

It

onlytookChinaafewdecadestocompletetheprocessofindustrializationthattook

developedcountriesseveralcenturies,whichhasbroughtaboutthetwomiraclesof

rapid

economicgrowthandenduringsocialstabilityinChina.Thishasmadeanindelible

contributiontotheprogressofhumancivilization.,

21.WhatisthestageofcontemporaryChinain?

A.Stageofnewdemocraticrevolution.

B.Stageofsocialistrevolutionandconstruction.

C.Stageofreformandopeningupwithanemphasisonsocialistmodernization.

D.StageoftheneweraofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

22.Accordingtothepassage,endeavorsoftheCPChasendedthefollowingexcept.

A.disunityanddivision

B.weaknessandpoverty

C.foreigninvasionandbullying

D.QingDynasty

23.ThehistoricalsignificanceoftheCPCsendeavorsoverthepastcenturyincludes.

A.transformingthefutureoftheChinesepeople

B.trailblazingtherightpathforachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenation

C.producingapositiveimpactonthecourseofworldhistory

D.Allofabove

24.InwhichyearwastheCPCestablished?

A.1919.

B.1921.

C.1949.

D.1937.

25.WhatisthebestunderstandingofthesentenceAseverynationseeksitsunique

path

ofmodernization,theCPChasmanagedtotrailblazeapaththatdovetailswithChina

s

actualconditionsbutisuniquefromthatoftheWest?

A.Eveiynationhaslearneditsownwaytofindapathwhichisuniqueintheworld.

B.TheCPChassetafixmodelforotherdevelopingcountriestofollow.

C.TheCPCalwaysputsactualconditionandpracticeinthefirstplace.

D.TheCPCdoesntlearnfromtheWest.

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thecacaotree,oncenativetotheequatorialAmericanforest,hassomeexotictraits

fora

plantslenderandshrubby.Cacaodoesntflower,asmostplantsdo,atthetipsofits

outer

anduppermostbranches.Instead,itssweetwhiteflowershangfromthetrunkand

alonga

fewfatbrancheswhichformwhereleavesdropoff.Thesetinyflowerstransforminto

pulpfilledpodsalmostthesizeofrugbyballs.Thelowhangingpodscontainthe

bitter

tasting,magicalseeds.

Somehow,morethan2,000yearsago,ancienthumansinMesoamericadiscoveredthe

secretofthesebeans.Ifyouscoopthemfromthepodwiththeirpulp,letthem

ferment

anddryinthesun,thenroastthemoveragentlefire,somethingextraordinary

happens:

theybecomechocolate.Andifyouthengrindandpressthebeans,whicharehalf

cocoa

butterormore,youwillobtainarich,crumbly,brownpastechocolateatitsmostpure

and

simple.

TheMayaandAztecsreveredthischocolate,whichtheyfrothedupwithwaterand

spices

tomakebracingconcoctions.Itwasedibletreasure,offereduptotheirgods,usedas

moneyandhoardedlikegold.LongafterSpanishexplorersintroducedthebeverage

to

Europeinthesixteenthcentury,chocolateretainedanauraofaristocraticluxury.In

1753,

theSwedishbotanistCarolusLinnaeusgavethecacaotreegenusthename

Theobroma,

whichmeansfoodofthegods.

Inthelast200yearsthebeanhasbeenthoroughlydemocratized,transformedfroman

elitedrinkintoubiquitouscandybars,cocoapowdersandconfections.Today

chocolateis

becomingmorepopularworldwide,withnewmarketsopeningupinEasternEurope

and

Asia.Thisisbothgoodnewsandbadbecause,althoughfarmersareproducingrecord

numbersofcacaobean,thisisnotenough,someresearchersworry,tokeeppacewith

globaldemand.Cacaoisalsofacingsomealarmingproblems.

PhilippePetithuguenin,headofthecacaoprogramattheCentreforInternational

CooperationinDevelopmentOrientedAgriculturalResearch(CIRAD)inFrance

recently

addressedaseminarintheDominicanRepublic.Hedisplayedamapoftheworld

revealing

anarrowbandwithin18northandsouthoftheequator,wherecacaogrows.Inthe

four

centuriessincetheSpanishfirsthappeneduponcacao,ithasbeenplantedallaround

this

hothumidtropicalbeltfromSouthAmericaandtheCaribbeantoWestAfrica,East

Asia,

andNewGuineaandVanuatuinthePacific.

TodaymostchocolatebeanscomefromWestAfricaandCentralAfrica.Inmanyparts

growerspractisesocalledpioneerfarming.Theystrippatchesofforestofallbutthe

tallestcanopytreesandthentheyputincacao,usingtemporaryplantingsofbananato

shadethecacaowhileitsyoung.Withluck,groveslikethismayproduceannual

yieldsof

50to60podspertreefor25to30years.Thenthegrowersmoveonandclearanew

forestpatchunlessfarmersofothercropsgettherefirst.Youcannotkeepcutting

tropicalforest,becausetheforestitselfisendangered,saidPetithuguenin

“World

demandforchocolateincreasesby3zayearonaverage.Withalackoflandfornew

plantingsintropicalforests,howdoyoumeetthat?”

26.Theflowersofthecacaoplantappear.

A.attheendofitstopbranches

B.alongallofitsbranches

C.closetoitsleaves

D.mainlyonitstiunk

27.Accordingtothepassagewhatistrueaboutchocolate?

A.Chocolateisamanmadefoodmadefromfennentanddriedcocoabeans.

B.Chocolateisnaturalfruitofcocoa.

C.Chocolateiscocoabutter.

D.Humanonlyhas200yearshistoryofmakingchocolate.

28.Inparagraph3,whatdoesthewordTheobromamean?

A.foodofgods

B.aSwedishgod

C.afoodofSwitzerland

D.aSwedishbotanist

29.Whichofthefollowingplaceissuitablefortheplantingofcocoa?

A.thePacificOcean

B.18northandsouthoftheequator

C.America

D.Africa

30.InAfrica,bananatreesareplantedwiththecacaoplantsinorderto.

A.replacethelargesttrees

B.protecttheyoungplants

C.provideanextracrop

D.helpimprovesoilquality

PassageThree

Questions3135arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Noisecanneverbeonlyanuisance.Peopleshealthcanbegreatlyaffectedbyit.Day

and

night,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicaland

psychological

stress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoring

it,

theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillrespondssometimeswithextreme

tension,

astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptom

of

thestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislators

have

madepublicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtle

andmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionally

have

beengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritable

by

noise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybe

happeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.

Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableand

measurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.For

many

ofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibility

to

diseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasa

complicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyance

andirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyill

in

mindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectson

the

unbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.During

infancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetrouble

falling

asleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethe

link

betweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusively

demonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayfor

livinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossas

onlyan

occupationalhazard.

31.InParagraph1,thephraseimmunetoareusedtomean.

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

32.Theauthorsattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas.

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

33.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

34.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit.

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeopleshealth

35.Whatmightbetheconsequencesforthekidswhoareexposedinhighnoise

levels?

A.Theyprobablyhavesleepingproblems.

B.Theyearnlessmoney.

C.Theirearsaredamaged.

D.Theyareeasytogetrest.

PassageFour

Questions3640arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Certainmentalfunctionsslowdownwithage,butthebraincompensatesinwaysthat

can

keepseniorsassharpasyoungstersJake,aged16,hasaterrificrelationshipwithhis

grandmotherRita,whois7O.Theylivecloseby,andtheyeventakeaSpanishclass

togethertwiceaweekatalocalcollege.Afterclasstheysometimesstopatacafefora

snack.OnoneoccasionRitatellsJake,Ithinkitsgreathowfastyoupickupnew

grammar.Ittakesmealotlonger.Jakereplies,Yeah,butyoudontseemtomakeas

manysillymistakesonthequizzesasIdo.Howdoyoudothat?

Inthatmoment,RitaandJakestumbledacrossaninterestingsetofdifferences

between

olderandyoungerminds.Popularpsychologysaysthataspeopleagetheirbrains

slow

down.Theimplication,ofcourse,isthatelderlymenandwomenarenotasmentally

agile

asmiddleagedadultsoreventeenagers.However,althoughcertainbrainfunctions

such

asperceptionandreactiontimedoindeedtakelonger,thatslowingdowndoesnot

necessarilyunderminementalsharpness.Indeed,evidenceshowsthatolderpeopleare

justasmentallyfitasyoungerpeoplebecausetheirbrainscompensateforsomekinds

of

declinesincreativewaysthatyoungmindsdonotexploit.

Justaspeoplesbodiesageatdifferentrates,sodotheirminds.Asadultsadvancein

age,

theperceptionofsights,soundsandsmellstakesabitlonger,andlayingdownnew

informationintomemorybecomesmoredifficult.Theabilitytoretrievememories

also

quicklyslidesanditissometimeshardertoconcentrateandmaintainattention.

Ontheotherhand,theageingbraincancreatesignificantbenefitsbytappingintoits

extensivehoardofaccumulatedknowledgeandexperience.Thebiggesttrickthat

older

brainsemployistousebothhemispheressimultaneouslytohandletasksforwhich

youngerbrainsrelypredominantlyononeside.Electronicimagestakenbycognitive

scientistsattheUniversityofMichigan,forexample,havedemonstratedthateven

when

doingbasicrecognitionormemorizationexercises,seniorsexploitittheleftandright

side

ofthebrainmoreextensivelythanmenandwomenwhoaredecadesyounger.

Drawingon

bothsidesofthebraingivesthematacticaledge,evenifthespeedofeach

hemispheres

processisslower.

Inanotherexperiment,MichaelFalkensteinoftheUniversityofDortmundin

Germany

foundthatwhenelderswerepresentedwithnewcomputerexercisestheypaused

longer

beforereactingandtooklongertocompletethetasks,yettheymade50zfewererrors,

probablybecauseoftheirmoredeliberatepace.

Oneanalogyfortheseresultsmightbethequestionofwhocantypea

paragraph“bett6r”

A16yearoldwhoglidesalongat60wordsperminutebuthastodoublebackto

correct

anumberofmistakesora70yearoldwhostrikeskeysatonly40wordsperminute

but

spendslesstimefixingerrors?Intheend,ifbetterisdefinedascompletingaclean

paragraph,bothpeoplemayenduptakingthesameamountoftime.

Computerizedtestssupportthenotionthataccuracycanoffsetspeed.Inonesocalled

distractionexercise,subjectsweretoldtolookatascreenwaitforanarrowthat

pointedin

acertaindirectiontoappear,andthenuseamousetoclickonthearrowassoonasit

appearedonthescreen.Justbeforethecorrectsymbolappeared,however,the

computer

displayednumerousotherarrowsaimedinvariousotherdirections.Althoughyounger

subjectscutthroughtheconfusionfasterwhenthecoirectarrowsuddenlypoppedup,

theymorefrequentlyclickedonincorrectarrowsintheirhaste.

Oldertesttakersareequallycapableofothertasksthatdonotdependonspeed,such

as

languagecomprehensionandprocessing.Inthesecases,however,theeldersutilize

the

brainsavailableresourcesinadifferentway.NeurologistsatNorthwestUniversity

cameto

thisconclusionafteranalyzing50peoplerangingfromage23to78.Thesubjectshad

to

liedowninamagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)machineandconcentrateontwo

different

listsofprintedwordspostedsidebysideinfrontofthem.Bylookingatthelists,they

were

tofindPairsofwordsthatweresimilarineithermeaningorspelling.

Theeldestparticipantsdidjustaswellonthetestsastheyoungestdid,andyetthe

MRI

scansindicatedthatintheeldersbrains,theareaswhichareresponsibleforlanguage

recognitionandinterpretationweremuchlessactive.Theresearchersdidfindthatthe

olderpeoplehadmoreactivityinbrainregionsresponsibleforattentiveness.Darren

Gleitman,whoheadedthestudy,concludedthatolderbrainssolvedtheproblemsjust

as

effectivelybutbydifferentmeans.

36.TheconversationbetweenJakeandRitaisusedtogiveanexampleof.

A.thechangesthatoccurinourbrainsovertime

B.thewaywelearnlanguages

C.thefactthatitiseasiertolearnalanguageatayoungage

D.theimportanceofyoungandoldpeopledoingthingstogether

37.Inparagraph6,whatpointistheanalogyusedtoillustrate?

A.Workingfasterisbetterthanworkingslower.

B.Accuracyislessimportantthanspeed.

C.Workingfasterdoesnotalwayssavetime.

D.Accuracycanimproveovertime.

38.Inthecomputerizeddistractionexercises,thesubjectshadto.

A.typeatextasquicklyaspossible

B.reacttoaparticularsymbolonthescreen

C.moveanarrowindifferentdirectionsaroundthescreen

D.clickoneveryarrowthatappearedonthescreen

39.WhatisaMRImachine?

A.Makingresonanceandimagemachine.

B.Machineofreflectionandimage.

C.Magneticresonanceimagingmachine.

D.Machinetoreflectandimprove