A.主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的_______。B.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的_______。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.執(zhí)行者承受者

不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者

是誰。e.g.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

這本書出版于1981年。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者,而不強調(diào)動作的 執(zhí)行者。e.g.ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.

窗戶是邁克打破的。

Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.

這本書是他寫的。1.Peopleuseaknifeforcuttingthings.Aknife_________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom______________twiceamonth.

isusedarecleaned3.Chineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Manygoldmedals_________byChineseathletes.

werewonWespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspoken

by

us.主語謂語賓語Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroom

wascleaned

bythemyesterday.

將來，城市會建造新醫(yī)院Inthefuture,anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.明年幾千棵樹會被種在小山上。Thousandsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear.They

will

finish

theworksoon.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)soon.Myfatherwillnotpunishmeformymistake.Iwill/shallnotbepunishedbymyfatherformymistake.1.Won’twaterbeturnedintoicewhenitisbelowfreezing?2.---Willtheworkbefinishedatonce?

---Yes,itwill.Whenwillthesebooksbepublished?Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby?Nobody______________(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.2.Children_______________(notallow)tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors.Iftheydo,they________________(takeaway)fromthestadium.

Rulesfortheaudience

willbeallowedwon’tbeallowedwillbetakenaway3.Noanimals______________(allow)inthestadium.4.Cheatingbyathletes___________ ________(notexcuse).They __________(tell)toleaveand_______________(punish).5.Nosmoking_____________(allow),ifyouarediscovered,you___________(fine).willbeallowedwillnotbewillbetoldexcusedwillbepunishedwillbeallowedwillbefined1.Thework______soon.

A.willbefinished

B.hasbeenfinished

C.willfinish

D.finishes2.I______ifIfinishtheworkwithinoneday.shallbepraised

B.wouldpraise

C.willpraise

D.praise3.Thesefilms______untiltomorrowmorning.can’tdevelop

B.aren’tdeveloping

C.won’tbedeveloped

D.won’tdevelop4.Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.A.lose

B.willbelost

C.arelost

D.willlose5.—Apartyisgoingto______tonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?

—I’dliketo,butIhavetolookaftermysickmother.

A.organize

B.havebeenorganized

C.beorganizing

D.beorganized6.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areusedThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Lookatthefollowingsentence,payattentiontotheunderlinedpart.Example:OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot.Canyoufindoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage?IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold.Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Ihavebeenevenputintospacerockets...1.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)肯定句句型：主語+have/hasbeen+過去分詞Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)否定句句型：主語+have/has+not+been+過去分詞Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.

Manyworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.Ⅱ.句型：3.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)一般疑問句句型：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?

HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?3.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)一般疑問句句型：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?

HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?Thebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildings

havebeendestroyed

intheearthquake.Makingupsentencesusing

presentperfectpassivevoice:【即學即練】1.machinereplacecomputerThemachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.2.newbridge,build,inourcityAnewbridge

hasbeenbuilt

inourcity.3.Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad.manytrees,plant,alongtheroad4.1.表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在說話之前,強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。Thedoorhasbeenlocked.

2.表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下去,常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。Ⅲ.用法:EXAMPLE1.Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.2.Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?現(xiàn)在完成時的標志:recently/already/yet/for+一段時間/since+時間點【點津】注意1.只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞(詞組)沒有被動語態(tài)。例如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。What

hashappened

toyourbrother?2.但許多不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語，相當于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)。但動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞或副詞。Thechildhasbeentakengoodcare

of

byhisgrandmaalltheseyears.Anoticehasbeenput

uponthewall.3.一些特殊動詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思,則需改換動詞或時態(tài)。Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()×√用被動語態(tài)改寫下列句子。Theyhaveopenedthreetrainingcentersinthiscitybynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyear(byus).Threetrainingcentershavebeenopenedinthiscity(bythem)bynow.3.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.4.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.

AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheHopeProjectby