nounclause名詞性從句2021/5/91NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.

Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名詞在句中可以充當什么成分?2021/5/92Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:

1.Theworld

lovesnature.2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.

subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative2021/5/93Whatarenounclauses?

Hisstoryisinteresting.

Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclause2021/5/94什么叫名詞性從句？在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句2021/5/95

名詞性從句

nounclause

主語從句subjectclause

賓語從句objectclause

表語從句predicativeclause

同位語從句appositiveclause2021/5/96Whatkindofclausesarethey?

Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.

Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.It’shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearned

inhisclasses.Pleasedon’ttellmymotherwhenI’ll

givehermygift.2021/5/97That’swhyIcan’tfollowyou.Theproblemisthatit’sveryhard

tocatchyourwords.Thefactthathetellsliesallthetime

makesussurprised.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillrain

tomorrow.2021/5/98I’mnotsurewhetheryouwould

likeitornot.ShefeltverysurprisedthatI

finisheditallbymyself.Ihavenoideawhereheis.Pleasetellusthetruthhowmany

peopleweredrownedintheflood.2021/5/99Thenoveltellsthatthetruthalways

takesthesideofthemajorityofpeople.Ican’texplainwhyhebehaveslikethat.Howhefinisheddoingthatisnotimportant.Wherewewillgohasn’tbeendecidedyet.2021/5/910名詞性從句中的連接詞有:連詞:that/whether/asif(though);連接代詞:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，連接副詞:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。

2021/5/911連詞:引導從句，但在從句中不作成分that：無詞義，不作成分，起連接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起連接作用

If只用于賓從中asif(though)：“好象”只連接表語從句連接代詞：引導從句，并在從句中作成分What（ever）：（無論）什么，作主，賓，表，定語which（ever）：（無論）哪一個（些）作主，賓，表，定語Who（ever）：“（無論）誰（主格）”作主，賓Whom（ever）：“（無論）誰（賓格）”作賓whose（ever）：“（無論）誰的，作定2021/5/912連接副詞:引導從句，作狀語When（ever）：“什么時候”作狀語where：“什么地方”how：怎樣why：為什么從句中用陳述句序：疑問詞+陳述句語序2021/5/9132021/5/914Finishexerciseonpage9(textbook):underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfind（1）名詞性從句構成有3種That+陳述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.b.if/whether+陳述句Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.c.疑問詞+句子的剩余成分

Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.2021/5/915名詞性從句考點歸納一、名詞性從句的語序：陳述語序(1)that和whether/if引導的從句Shesensedsomething.AtallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringatherShesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.2021/5/916(2)

疑問詞引導的名詞性從句也要求使用陳述句

語序，不能用一般疑問句（倒裝）語序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。

Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()FTTF2021/5/9171.主語從句：從句在句中充當主語成分1).hewillsucceediscertain.2)hewillgothereisnotknown.3)hesaidisnottrue.4)hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)comesiswelcome.6)It’scertain

hewillsucceed.7)

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.ThatWhetherWhatWhereWhoeverthatHowWhen2021/5/918由that

引導:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3.________________________isapity.

(你錯過了這次機會)

that無意義,后接一個完整的句子.that不可省ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance2021/5/919考點一:主語從句后置!

為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.

例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由連詞whether和if,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導.也常常后置:

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.2021/5/920Itdoesn’tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime.2021/5/921It

的用法：（形式主語）

It’possible/important/necessary/clear…

that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that..據(jù)說/據(jù)報道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已經(jīng)通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…顯然、明顯、碰巧..

It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知）

/acommonsaying….（俗話說）2021/5/922Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said…that…Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful…that…Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseemsthat…Ithappensthat…2021/5/923考點二注意：主語從句中，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)What引導的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.2021/5/924賓語從句2021/5/925賓語從句：1.從句在句中充當賓語成分（可以作謂語動詞、介詞、形容詞，不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語）連詞：that,whether，if（that?？墒÷裕?/p>

who,what,which,whoever,whatever,

whenwherewhyhow1).Theyknowthat

thehabitwillkillthem.2).Italldependsonwhether

theywillsupportus.3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme.4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).Ifindit

necessarythat

weshoulddothehomework.2021/5/926用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether2021/5/9271).whether和if都可以引導賓語從句a..當whether后緊跟ornot時,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別2021/5/9281.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.2.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.3._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIf2021/5/9292).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that

從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Idon’tthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.b.由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導的賓語從句中,第二個that不省略.eg:Hetoldme（that）hewouldcome

andthat

hewouldcomeontime.2021/5/9303.時態(tài)一致（主從句中一致）1）.當從句表達的是客觀事實，真理，自然現(xiàn)象時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。2）在“命令，要求，建議”等相關詞后的名詞性從句中常用虛擬語氣（suggest.advise…）2021/5/931賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應1.如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語

可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài).

a.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的.

Hebelieves_________________________.

b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.

Pleasetellme_________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2021/5/9322.如果主句謂語是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的

某種時態(tài),但從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)

律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。

他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。

Hetoldme______________________.

他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。

Hetoldme______________________.

老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。

Theteachertellsus______________________hewaspreparingfortheexaminationHehadbeenawayfromhishometown

fortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline.2021/5/933

1.Thefactis_____shedoesn’tlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_____Idon’thaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_______hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas________hecouldgetthemoney.

Thepredicativeclauseisalsoeasy!thatthatwhetherwhether/where/how2021/5/9343.表語從句：從句在句中充當表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后.作用：對主語進行解釋說明。連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.2021/5/935because,asif

也可引導表語從句:1.Heisabsenttoday.It’s________heisseriouslyill.2.Itlooks________it’sgoingtorainagain.

TrueorFalse:Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.becauseasif2021/5/9364同位語從句：從句在句中充當同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（idea；belief；fact；truth；

problem；news

等）后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明.同位語從句常用that引導或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3).Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.2021/5/937三、同位語從句的引導和辨別1.同位語從句的格式：n.+連接詞+從句

2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：fact、idea,news,

information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等

3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用

whether,what,when,where等來引導同位語從句。2021/5/9381.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________he

gotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________we

shouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.that/whether/where/howwherehowthatthatwhether2021/5/9391.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2021/5/9404.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.2021/5/941引導名詞從句的關聯(lián)詞。分析下列賓語從句中的連詞Idon’tdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3個句子中的連詞that,whether,if（是否）在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔任成分,被稱為連接詞注意：a.that本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if僅可以用于賓語從句。連接詞2021/5/942注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。引導多個并列賓語從句時，引導第一個賓語從句“that”可以省

Itis/wasbecause….這是因為…Itis/waswhy….這就是為什么…3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….2021/5/943另外，在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：填空:1.Thereason____wedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentis______hewasill.reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導,不能用why引導,但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導。2021/5/944綜合運用：Theearthisround,_________isknowntoeverybody.as/which2.____isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.As3.______theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.That4.____isknowntoeverybodythattheearthisround.It5.Everybodyknows_____theearthisround.that6._____surprisedusverymuchthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.It7.______surprisedusverymuchwasthatourteacherleftwithoutaword.What2021/5/945

Choosethecorrectsentencefromeachpair:Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn’tunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandyouwouldn’tunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.2021/5/946ImustnevertellanyonethatIcouldnotseethecloth.ImustnevertellanyoneIcouldnotseethecloth.Wethinkitimportantthatwestudyhard.Wethinkitimportantwestudyhard.2021/5/947Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idon’tknow.Ifhewillacceptyouroffer,Idon’tknow.Ithinkthathewillnotappear.Idon’tthinkthathewillappear.2021/5/948

Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.Ifshecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.Whenandwherewewillgoarestillnotknown.Whenandwherewewillgoisstillnotknown.2021/5/949IwishIsawyouyesterday.IwishIhadseenyouyesterday.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherests

forafewdays.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsherest

forafewdays.考點二:虛擬語氣subjunctivemood.2021/5/950

It’shigh/abouttimethatIleave.It’shigh/abouttimethatIleft.Itisdemandedthathe(should)

leaveatonce.Itisdemandedthatheleftatonce.2021/5/9511.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy_____wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it歷屆高考題2021/5/9524.MrMikedidn’tunderstand______madehiswifesoupsetthismorning.whatwasitB.whyitwasthisC.howthatwasD.whatitwasthat5.Iwonder_____________.whoofthemshouldIelectB.whoofthemIshouldelectC.whichofthemshouldIelectD.whichofthemIshouldelect

2021/5/9536.Itwasnotuntildark_____hefound_____hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that7.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand____morethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska2021/5/9548.Isthisfactory____thefalsewinewasmade?Yes.Andalsotheone___usedtosellforgedcigarettes.theone;whereB.that;thatC.what;whichD.where;that9.___Doyouthink____weshoulddotoimproveourEnglish?A./;whatB.What;thatC.What;/D.How;that10.Theargumentremainedextremelyheated______therearenecessaryconditionsofexistencesuchaswaterontheMars.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.aboutwhich2021/5/95511.You’dbettergivethetaskto____youthinkcansucceedincarryingitoutaheadoftime.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.anyoneD.whoever12.____turncolorandfalltothegroundisasignofwinter.A.ThatleafB.ThatleavesC.ThoseleafD.Thoseleaves13.Yourshoesare_______.A.wheretheywereB.theplaceyouputC.inthecornerthatyouputD.theretheyare2021/5/95614.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which15.WhenChristopherColumbusreached_____isnowtheUSA,hecalledthepeopleofthenewworld“Indians”.whichB.whatC.whereD.theplacewhere16.____hewasill,IwasexpectedtotakehisplacegreatlysurprisedmeforIdidn’thavemuchexperience.A.IfB.IfthatC.ThatD.Thatif2021/5/95717.Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that18.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever19.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand___itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what2021/5/95820.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires21.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschoolisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that2021/5/95922.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich23.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent______foryourbirthday?youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshe’sgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot2021/5/96024.Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what25.Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which2021/5/96126.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether27.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.whyB.whereC.whatD.how28.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where2021/5/96229.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.whereB.whatC.thatD.how30.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2021/5/96331.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknot