Chapter第一 導(dǎo)第二 中元第三 合口雙元第四 第五 鼻第六 總 前元音，前元音是指這些音由舌的前部發(fā)出，它們分別是/i:/;/I/;/e/;/?/。像微笑的口形，振動(dòng)聲帶。有肌肉硬度要求，口腔肌肉繃緊，發(fā)音時(shí)間約為1第一次：/iiii:/第二次：/iiii:/朗讀字母Ee IneedyourIscream,youscream,weallscreamforice-第一次：/I//I//I/第二次：/I//I//I/ Sitdown,Thisshirtdoesn’tfitBigwigpigworeabigpig第一次：/eee第二次：/eee Youshouldgotobed.Letmego.Good,better,best,neverletitrest.Tillgoodisbetter,andbetteris愛(ài)，咱流口水那叫sa。第一次：/?/?/?/第二次：/?/?/?/ / HeisabadWhat’sthematterwithPeterPanpaniced(panic)atthefatmad中部要向硬腭抬起的特點(diǎn)。中元音包括/?:/(?:);/?/。舌尖抵住下齒齦，是前元音。/?:/舌尖離開(kāi)下齒齦，是中元音。）美音中，發(fā)/?r，發(fā)音時(shí)要注意卷舌，且卷舌硬第一次：/??/?第二次：/??/? Theyheardandlearnedthewordearlythat第一次：/?/?/?第二次：/?/?/? / Shecouldgetcomfortable Iamanaturelover.Shehasaverybad下，舌面后部對(duì)著軟腭抬起，亦稱(chēng)軟腭元音，英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)中一共有六個(gè)后元音,它們分別是/u:??:?/ɑ/?/（有些語(yǔ)音學(xué)家將/?/歸為中元音。其中u:/;/??:/;/?/很高。發(fā)時(shí)，先將嘴形做成像發(fā)漢語(yǔ)拼音“u”或者漢字“烏”的漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音注意：許多人將/u:/與漢語(yǔ)拼音“u”或者漢字“烏”的發(fā)音視為相同，這第一次：/u/uu第三次：/ju://ju://ju://ju:/朗讀字母Qq Uu/ / / AtnoonItookagoodAndsatbythepoolinthewood.Isoontookoffmyboot.Andputmyfootinthepool.Oh,howcool,howcool.第一次：/?/?/?/HisEnglishisverygood.Wouldyoudomeafavor?TherearetwominutesdifferencefromfourtotwototwotoIwouldifIcould,andifIcouldn’t,howcould第一次：/???第二次：/n?l?m? Thebearthoughttheboarwasabore.Iamlearningtorideahorse.第一次：/???ThebossseemstobehotunderhisShechoppedtheblockofwoodintwowithasingle的/ɑ:/比漢語(yǔ)拼音的a舌位更靠后一些，音質(zhì)渾厚深沉。第一次：/ɑɑ/ɑ朗讀字母R朗讀字母RThelessonisnothard.Hissisterisan.IlivefarawayfromSmartClarkparkedhiscarinaparkwherealarksanginthe第一次：/?/?/?/第二次：/b?/m?/d?/朗讀字母WThebusisIneedmoreIdon’tthinkthejobistough.Helovesnothingbutmoney.Thankyouverymuch.

/u??uau/雙元音中的閉口雙元音分別是/ei/ai?i/;?uau/。閉口雙元音是指該雙第一次：/ei/eiei第二次：/meifei/pei朗讀字母A K HelivesbytheIwillbebacklater.TheysaythatraincameeveryeightdaysinMay.Thenewaslate.第一次：/ai/aiai第二次：/maibai/pai朗讀字母I Theyledahappylife.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Greatmindsthinkalike.Striketheironwhileitis第一次：/?i?i/?i第二次：/s?ib?in?i Heboughtmeatoy.Thesoilisrich.Enjoyyourstay第一次：/?u?u?u/第二次：/s?un?u/g?u朗讀字母O PutonyourUsesoaptowashyourhands.Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.第一次：/au/auau/第二次：/mau/lau/kau/ Walkdownthestreetandthenturnleft.Thehouseismadeofwood.Nodoubtabout第一次：/i?/i?/i?/第二次：/pi?/mi?/ti?/ Thingsareclear,sodon’tneedtofear.Thereisatreehere.Ihavenoideawherehe第一次：/??/??//??/第二次：/t??/d??//h??/ Mary,agirlwithfairhair,issittingonachairoverthere.It'snotfairtokickanotheryer.第一次：/u?/u?/u?第二次：/tu?//pu?/ Areyousurethatwatchismadeofpuregold？Heispoorbuthappy.Wewilltourthecity音音有6個(gè),即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情況下，發(fā)音時(shí)，氣流不必沖破阻礙，而只是發(fā)音在口腔中形成阻礙，并稍做停頓（也就是說(shuō),做好要"/p/和/b/都是雙唇輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇閉攏，呈不說(shuō)話狀態(tài)，隨后雙唇突第一次：/p//p//p//p/第二次：/b//b//b//b/朗讀字母PpBb KeepthePutthebookonthedesk.Lookbeforeyouleap.Theboyloveshisfathervery/t/,/d/都是舌尖齒齦輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖緊抵上齒齦，形成阻礙（憋著氣不發(fā)音，隨后舌尖迅速離開(kāi)上齒齦，氣流沖出口腔，形成。發(fā)/t/音時(shí)聲帶第一次：/t//t//t//t/朗讀字母Tt Dd Takesteaathalfpastten.IfTinaTayloristakingtea.Who’stakingticketsHiscarisred;mineisHowmanydaysarethereina第一次：/k//k//k/第二次：/g/g/g/ WherearemycarHekeepsadogasapet.Don’tforgettomailthis摩擦音也叫擦音，由發(fā)音造成的縫隙使氣生摩擦而發(fā)出。這些音有10個(gè)，即/f/,/v/,/θ/,/e/,/s/,/z/,/?/,/?/,/h/,/r/。第一次：/f//f//f//f/朗讀字母Ff Vv Thefoodistasty.Heneverlslies.BirdsofafeatherflockTheviciousvisitorsvisitedthe第一次：/θ/θ/θ第二次：/eee ThirtythreepeoplethinkthatThursdayistheirbirthday.Iwouldrathermyfatherbeatme.BothheandIarestudents.Nobodylikestoworkwithhim.第一次：/s//s/s第二次：/z//z//z/朗讀字母C S X Z SeeyouMayIaskyouaquestion?Ishe /?/,/?/為摩擦音，發(fā)音時(shí)舌端抬向上齒齦后部，舌身靠近上顎，形成一狹長(zhǎng)第一次：/???/第二次：/??/?/ Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish.Itisapleasuretostudywithyou.ThesunshinesonthesmallshopSallyalwayssuffersfromsea-sicknesswhensheisat/h/是清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)。與漢語(yǔ)中的/h/（velarfricative）相比，英語(yǔ)中的/h/（glottalfricative）聽(tīng)起來(lái)比較弱，例如，her,helpbook語(yǔ)單詞中h不發(fā)音（例如hour。第一次：/h//h//h/第二次：/rrr Thehunterandhishugehorsehidbehindthehouse.AllroadsleadtoRome.Partoftheanswerisright.Heystennisverywell.這些音有6個(gè)，即/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/,/t?/,/d?/。/t/……/t/……/d/……/d/…… /t/……/t/……/d/……/d/…… Wearetryingtobuildabeautifulcountry.Adrunkdriverisdrivingacarinthe/t/……/t/t/……/t/d/……/d/……朗讀字母G H /peid?Thechiefchewedthecheapcheese.Jackenjoyedthestrawberryverymuch.阻礙。有些會(huì)與鼻音，例如半元音。這些音有3個(gè)，即/m/,/n/,/?/。/m/,/n/,/?/發(fā)音練習(xí)第一次：/n//n//n//n/第二次：/n//n//n//n/第一次：/?//?//?//?/第二次：/?//?//?//?/朗讀字母Mm Nn /dri?k邊音(半舌音)是 valley；l,help。第一次：/llll/第二次：/lll第一次：/www第二次：/www/第一次：/j/j//j//j/第二次：/j/j//j//j/朗讀字母LlYy /jetWalterwaswailing,worryingandwatchingthewetweatherandthewet區(qū)別書(shū)寫(xiě)形式的不同.如:iIPA)------iK.K.)等發(fā)音的個(gè)別不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中沒(méi)有卷舌音.如 發(fā)發(fā)的字元音farm,ee ie,ee,ea,me,sea,piece,ɑ∫∫sh,ti,ci,ship,motion,social,sureuoo,o,ue,ui,ew ???au,ou,al,aw, ear,ierhhh,wh,?bird,turn,learn, are,erethere,rrright,??teacher,actor,dollar four,lord,??ch,tch,?ou,o,ago,delicious,輔音??ge,jjoin,i?i,y,pen,tree,uυoo,ou,o,look,could,put,bb eεe,a,set,head,ttt, ??boots,??u,o,ou,oo,dd???ɑo,hot,??k,c,ch,mmmman,??ggg,girl,nnn, ea,ay,ea,ey,ai,eigh????-ng,sing,i,y,high,line,??v??light,osscell,?ou,ow,zzz,se,zeωωwet,window,when,whatθθ??yu,ew,box,dwell,請(qǐng)注意：美音中除了Mr.中的“r”不卷舌之外。 chairman,horse,美音中/t/出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間且處于非重讀位置的時(shí)候，發(fā)音近似/d/美 英waiter,winter,actor,yesterday,（三）字母a的發(fā)音出現(xiàn)在-ss,-st,-th,-ff,-ef,-nce字母等前面時(shí)美音把a(bǔ)讀為/?/ 美 英 answer,advance,after,ask,banana,branch,castle,commander,example,fast,France,glance,glass,half,last,etc.（四）由“hotdog”“o”“o”在美音讀為/a/而在英音中讀為美 英odd,lock,pot,sock,watch,fog,nod,solve,,monopoly（shop,uewl,d,n,t/u/,而英音傾向讀美 英美 英Epoch（新（七）詞尾特殊讀音在美音中“ile”讀為/l/,美 英fertile(肥沃)hostile(敵意)missile() Chapter第一 漢語(yǔ)聲母與英語(yǔ)發(fā)第二 漢語(yǔ)韻母與英語(yǔ)發(fā)第三 語(yǔ)調(diào)與英語(yǔ)發(fā)bpmfdtnlgkhjqxr ，①：bpdtɡk(6個(gè)②塞擦音：zczhchjq(6個(gè)③擦音：fhsshrx(6個(gè)④鼻音：mn(2個(gè)⑤邊音：l1個(gè)①送氣音：ptkcchq(6個(gè)②不送氣音：bdɡzzhj(6個(gè)/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/h~fn~l3.r~l韻腹(主要元音)、韻尾三部分。如"娘"niáng的韻母是iang，其中i是韻頭，a是韻腹，ng是韻尾。每個(gè)韻母一定有韻腹，韻頭和韻尾則可有可無(wú)。如"大"dà的韻腹，沒(méi)有韻尾;"刀"dāoaoa是韻腹，o是韻尾，沒(méi)有韻頭。普通話中共有39個(gè)韻母。單元音韻母十個(gè)：a、o、e、ê、i、u、ü、-i（前）、-i（后）、er、鼻韻母十六個(gè)：an、ian、uanüanen、in、uenünang、iang/i:/;/I/;/e/;//?:/(?:);/u:/;/?/;/?:/;/?/;/ɑ:/;/ei/;/ai/;/?i/;/i?/;/??/;/u?/;/?u/;/i?/;/??/; Chapter第一 音變第二 音變第三 音變Type AlookatScholarsoftheinformationsocietyaredividedoverwhethersocialinequalitydecreasesorincreasesinaninformation-basedsociety.Type weviewtheofficecharacteristicoftheeconomyOnecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoType2-1 個(gè)詞由元音開(kāi)頭，那么，在/i:/或/I/后面加上一個(gè)輔音/j/。I she he die hurry tryMostlynt-baseddietthatabouteveryexpertsaysweshouldbeType2-2詞尾以元音/u:/或/?/結(jié)尾，或者以/u/的雙元音/?uau/結(jié)尾，下一個(gè)do go howoldarelikeanyskill,cookinggetseasierasyoudoitforinstance-youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashType2-3在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英式英語(yǔ)中，詞尾元音后面的字母r一般不發(fā)音。但在連續(xù)語(yǔ)forwhatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticism…Type2-4 當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)詞以/??:)或/?://ɑ:/結(jié)尾，第二個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，并sawitThereisanareaofType Type lIwilllherthe失去(lose音6個(gè)：/pbtd/k/,ImportantDigestcomplexTheyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities-fromprojectnning,holidayshoptoyoga-bytimeortodolisttomeasurehowthey…不完全(insufficient出來(lái)。這種現(xiàn)象叫做不完全。Type 音6個(gè)：/p/b/t/,/d/,k破擦音6個(gè)：/ts/dz/tr/drt∫d?/secondchancegoodtraditionbigtreeThismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy.Type 音6個(gè)：/p/b/t/,/d/,k摩擦音10/f/,/v/,/θ/,/e/,/s/,/z/,/??/,/h/,/r/informationbasedingeducatedshouldnot…thanyoumight…ormuststandbehindtheirIhavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedlyeffectiveschools,wherechildrenshoutslogansinordertolearnself-control…Type 音6個(gè)：/p/b/t/,/d/,kGoodnightSmartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretask-basedpanningintotheirType 音6個(gè)：/p/b/t/,/d/,kgoodluckIrecentlytriedtoestimatethisimpactintermsofamostfamousfood,theType Doyouthinkyoucankeepthemasyourown?Youjustlhimthathecangonow.Type hastoascanbeWeusuallygiveparentsgiftsonChristmas.Sometimesitisdifficulttopleaseparents.在?//j/之前，/s/同化成?/；/z/同化成?nice doesthisyard sixyearsThisshipisveryHasyourhousebeenboughtbyhim?Whereisyourmom?Type Didyou…Didyoulhimthetruth?CouldyougivemeanotyetIsthatyourfinaldecision?Wecallityellow.輔音[s]與[j]相鄰時(shí),被同化為blessyoumissyouBabe,youareoldenoughtodress輔音[z]與[j]相鄰時(shí),被同化為isCanIknowwhodoesyourType can[k?n]——does[d?z]——some[s?m]——Attheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.Type he[hi?]—— been[bi?n]——Hehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftwarecompareswelltohumangraders.Type Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotbemeasuredbycomputerratingprograms. I'vebeenapatron老主顧allmylife,andforthepastnineyearsI'veworkedatmultiplelibrariesandarchivesinandaroundDetroit.Rule英語(yǔ)音中的三個(gè)清輔音［p］、［t］和［k］在重讀音節(jié)中位于［s］ Inthespringof2007Igotalibraryinternship實(shí)習(xí)生的位置attheSouthfieldPublicLibrary(SPL),justnorthofDetroit.butthatyear,weexperiencedalibrarythatwasasbusyasscience-fairprojectweek,midtermsortaxseason. ChapterWhenyouareWilliamButlerWhenyouareoldandgrayandfullofsleep，Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook,Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlookYoureyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowsdeep；Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,Andlovedyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue；Butonemanlovedthepilgrimsoulinyou,Andlovedthesorrowsofyourchangingface;Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars,Murmur,alittlesadly,howlovefled.Andpaceduponthemountainsoverhead,Andhidhisfaceamidacrowdofstars.TheRoadNotRobertTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,theroadnottakenIdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbelingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthe TheLittleMatchItwasdreadfullycold,itwassnowingfast,andalmostdark；theevening,thelasteveningoftheoldyearwasdrawingin.But,coldanddarkasitwas,apoorlittlegirl,withbareheadandfeet,wasstillwanderingaboutthestreets.Whensheleftherhomeshehadslipperson,buttheyweremuchtoolargeforher;indeed,properly,theybelongedtohermother,andhaddroppedoffherfeetwhilst1shewasrunningveryfastacrosstheroad,togetoutofthewayoftwocarriages.Oneoftheslipperswasnottobefound,theotherhadbeensnatchedupbyalittleboy,whoranoffwithitthinkingitmightservehimasadoll'scradle.Sothelittlegirlnowwalkedon,herbarefeetquiteredandbluewiththecold.Shecarriedasmallbundleofmatchesinherhand,andagoodmanymoreinhertatteredapron.Noonehadboughtanyofthemthelivelongday;noonehadgivenherasinglepenny.Tremblingwithcoldandhungercreptsheon,thepictureofsorrow:poorlittlechild!Thesnow-flakesfellonherlong,fairhair,whichcurledinsuchprettyringletsoverhershoulders;butshethoughtnotofherownbeauty,orofthecold.Lightswereglimmeringthrougheverywindow,andthesavoirofroastgoosereachedherfromseveralhouses;itwasNewYear'seve,anditwasofthisthatshethought.Inacornerformedbytwohouses,oneofwhichprojectedbeyondtheother.Shesatdown,drawingherlittlefeetcloseunderher,butinvain,shecouldnotwarmthem.Shedarednotgohome,shehadsoldnomatches,earnednotasinglepenny,andperhapsherfatherwouldbeather,besidesherhomewasalmostascoldasthestreet,itwasanattic;andalthoughthelargerofthemanychinksintheroofwerestoppedupwithstrawandrags,thewindandsnowoftenpenetratedthrough.Herhandswerenearlydeadwithcold;onelittlematchfromherbundlewouldwarmthem.Perhaps,ifshedaredlightit,shedrewoneout,andstruckitagainstthewall,bravo!itwasabright,warmflame,andsheheldherhandsoverit.Itwasquiteanilluminationforthatpoorlittlegirl,foritseemedtoherasthoughshewassittingbeforealargeiron-stovewithbrassornaments,sobeautifullyblazedthefirewithin!Thechildstretchedoutherfeettowarmthemalso;inaninstanttheflamehaddiedaway,thestovevanished,thelittlegirlsatcoldandcomfortless,withtheburntmatchinherhand.Asecondmatchwasstruckagainstthewall;itkindlesandblazed,andwhereveritslightfellthewallbecametransparentasaveil.Thelittlegirlcouldseeintotheroomwithin.Shesawthetablespreadwithasnow-whitedamaskcloth,whereonwererangedshining-dishes;theroastgoosestuffedwithapplesanddriedplumsstoodatoneend,smokinghot,andwhichwaspleasantestofalltosee;thegoose,withknifeandforkstillinherbreast,jumpeddownfromthedish,andwaddledalongthefloorrightuptothepoorchild.Thematchwasburntout,andonlythethick,hardwallwasbesideher.Shekindledathirdmatch.Againshotuptheflame;andnowshewassittingunderamostbeautifulChristmastree,farlarger,andfarmoreprettilydeckedout,thantheoneshehadseenlastChristmasevethroughtheglassdoorsoftherichmerchant'shouse.Hundredsofwax-taperslightedupthegreenbranches,andtinypaintedfigures,suchasshehadseenintheshop-windows,lookeddownfromthetreeuponher.Thechildstretchedoutherhandstowardsthemindelight,andinthatmomentthelightsofthematchwarmquenched;still,however,theChristmascandlesburnedhigherandhigher,shebeheldthembeaminglikestarsinheaven；oneofthemfell,thelightsstreamingbehinditlikealong,fierytail.“Nowsomeoneisdying,”saidthelittlegirl,softly,forshehadbeentoldbyheroldgrandmother,theonly whohadeverbeenkindtoher,andwhowasnowdeadthatwheneverastarfallsanimmortalspiritreturnstotheGodwhogaveit.Shestruckyetanothermatchagainstthewall;itflamedup,andsurroundedbyitslight,appearedbeforeherthatsamedeargrandmother,gentleandlovingasalways,butbrightandhappyasshehadneverlookedduringherlifetime.“Grandmother!”exclaimedthechild,“oh,takemewithyou!Iknowthouwiltleavemeassoonasthematchgoesout,thouwiltvanishlikewarmfireinthestove,likethesplendidNewYear'sfeast,likethebeautifullargeChristmastree!”andshehastilylightedalltheremainingmatchesinthebundle,lasthergrandmothershoulddisappear.Andthematchesburnedwithsuchablazeofsplendor,thatnoondaycouldscarcelyhavebeenbrighter.Neverhadthegoodoldgrandmotherlookedsotallandstay,sobeautifulandkind;shetookthelittlegirlinherarms,andtheybothflewtogether-higher,tilltheywereinthatcewhereneithercold,norhunger,norpain,iseverknown,theywereinparadise.APumaatPumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivesouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediayranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneceinthemorningandatanothercetwentyawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofcesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecominedof"cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreporte