考研真題：2023年[英語(yǔ)一]考試試題與答案解析一、完形填空考察了絲綢之路上的驛站話題，選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有什么特別難的詞或者短語(yǔ)，文章邏輯也很好懂，考到了并列邏輯和舉例邏輯，只要考生認(rèn)真讀題應(yīng)該拿到不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)UseofEnglishCaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically__1__outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof__2__.Thisword“Caravanserais”isa__3__ofthePersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePermcaravanwasusedto__4__groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,__5__merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the__6__oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad__7__possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing__8__toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced__9__theycouldbereachedinaday’straveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformal__10__pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.__11__,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture__12__andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,__13__talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly__14__thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand__15__inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.__16__,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand__17__suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis__18__thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,__19__onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein__20__.1、C.located2、A.privately3、D.combination4、C.describe5、C.suchas6、A.construction7、B.faced8、B.subjected9、A.sothat10、D.meeting11、D.Asaresult12、C.exchange13、C.aswellas14、B.influencing15、A.aided16、B.indeed17、D.stockupon18、A.believed19、D.although20、A.ruins二、閱讀理解Text1TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingtheproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy’sviews.“Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.”saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation，“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.GlennBranch,thecentre’sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedtoC.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschool24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUSC.havelimitedinfluence25.ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschoolsD.canbeswayedbyexternalforcesText2Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there’sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould’vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou’retakingthetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you’repotentiallytakingsupplyoffthemarketthat’salreadyincrediblystressed,’’saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,’’Taylorsaid.However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucialpartoftheeconomiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthatmakeupNewHampshire’sSeacoastandLakesRegion,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOoftheCapeCod&IslandsAssociationofRealtors.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,’’Castlesaid,“andsoit’sacyclicaleffect.’’Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,anaffordablehousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston.“Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit’stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit’sjustempty,whycan’tyoumakemoneyoffit?’’Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn’tadeveloperwho’sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?’’Hornsaid.Attheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.“Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestate,mandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy,’’theGlobereported.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwhoisauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrequiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity’sInspectionalServicesDepartment.Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstrugglingcitiesandtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing.“Ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.’’26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.27.ThebillmentionedintheParagraph2wasintendedto?D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.28.ComparedwithCastle,Tailorismorelikelytosupport?Binincreaseinaaffordablehousing29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinparagraph3?Cthenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.30.HornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsisDaninadequatesolution.Text3Ifyou’reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchoftheDuchessofSussex’snewchildren’sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit;thesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections”.PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestoldme:“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wedothisgenerallybygivingtheirtitleslessprominentpositioningwithinourbookshops.“Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbooksalesareverystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,whomightexpectthenewtitlesfromthecountry’sbiggestpublishertobeprominentlydisplayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butit’sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaff’spassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.ItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster-thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.AndonewondersifPRHwouldhavebeenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthewayithasifitweren’tquitesuchabigcompany(itwasformedwiththemergerofPenguinandRandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerandcartels.Literaryagenciesaregettingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiatebettertermswithpublishers,publishersconsolidatingtodealwithAmazon,”saysLownie.“Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.31.theauthormentionstwobooksintheparagraph1topresent____A.anongoingconflict32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?C.torespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove33.WhatmessagedidthespokesmanofWaterstonesseemtoconvey?A.theircustomersremainroyal34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?ASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie`sview?DThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrendText4Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle’simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.Inrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,includingcompletelymade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiplepublicationsofthesamedata,theftofcompletearticles,plagiarismoftext,andself-plagiarism.Andsomescientistshavecomeupwithanotherwaytoartificiallyboostthenumberofcitationstotheirwork.Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,Icameacrossyetanotherexpressionofthispredatorybehavior:so-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticlesandthearticlesofcolleagues.Someoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactiveinorganizingconferencesandcanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconferenceproceedings.Inthismanner,asingleeditorcandrivehundredsofcitationsinthedirectionofhisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinhiscircle.Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew“international”journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.36Accordingparagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby________Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited37Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto_________.Caskauthorstoincludeextracitation38thefunctionofthemilkcowtojournalsisto________.Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraph?[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulation?[D]Revealtheirmisconduct三、新題型考察了排序題，出題形式與往年略有差異，給出了三個(gè)既定選項(xiàng)位置，并給出了8個(gè)選項(xiàng)，首段空缺，雖然出題形式略有差異但解題思路和難度并無(wú)差異，只要能看出指代即可輕松判斷出首段，整體難度中等。ReadingPartBA.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.B.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.CAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.EThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,Utah,onJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstonelake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurveyinfortBridger,WyomingFThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheyellowstoneriverregion,fromit'shotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourgeofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.GThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingyellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld'sfirstnationalpark.whilesomelocalsopposedtothedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted-andJackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.Idon'tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,saysHeatherHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.HPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhisteam’sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincingSenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.BAFEDHCG41.B42.F43.D44.C45.G四、英譯漢講了人工智能在digitalmarketing里的應(yīng)用，生詞不多，與往年翻譯題目相比難度偏低。Translation(46)AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomersregardingtheirhobbies,favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketingmessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.【參考譯文】人工智能還可以用來(lái)識(shí)別出消費(fèi)者生活方式的選擇，包括他們的愛(ài)好、最喜歡的名人和時(shí)尚，從而通過(guò)社交媒體發(fā)布的營(yíng)銷信息來(lái)提供獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容。(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsandcreatingnewinformation.【參考譯文】一些人認(rèn)為，人工智能通過(guò)減少創(chuàng)造力和工作機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)營(yíng)銷人員產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，但他們也意識(shí)到，這是一種降低成本和創(chuàng)造新信息的方式。(48)Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyoftheseconcerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAltointeractwithcustomerswillbe.【參考譯文】用于刺激人際互動(dòng)的算法正在引發(fā)許多此類擔(dān)憂，尤其是在沒(méi)有人非常確定使用人工智能與客戶互動(dòng)的結(jié)果會(huì)是什么情況下。(49)Ifcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata.AIwillbestarvedofessentialinformationandwillnotbeabletofunctioneffectivelyoremploymachinelearningtoimproveitsmarketingcontentandcommunication.【參考譯文】如果客戶不愿意分享數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，無(wú)法有效地發(fā)揮作用，也無(wú)法使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)改善其營(yíng)銷內(nèi)容和傳播。(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessageinawaythatissensitivetotheneedsoftargetcustomersisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.【參考譯文】以一種對(duì)目標(biāo)客戶需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營(yíng)銷信息是數(shù)字營(yíng)銷人員面臨的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)之一。五、小作文小作文考查告示，主題是為教授關(guān)于校園體育活動(dòng)的研究項(xiàng)目招募助手，給出助手工作責(zé)任和要求，難點(diǎn)在于容易審題錯(cuò)誤，要弄清楚是為研究項(xiàng)目招募學(xué)生，不是校園體育活動(dòng)?！绢}目】WritingPartADirections:WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith’sresearchprojectoncampussportsactivities.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)【參考范文】NoticeDecember24,2022ProfessorSmithislookingforastudenttojoinhisresearchprogramregardingcampussportsactivities.Thedutiesofthepositionrequirethatthestudentcollectsdataoncampussportsactivitiestobeanalyzedbytheresearchteam.Thisinclud