上海玉佛寺英文導(dǎo)游詞上海玉佛寺英文導(dǎo)游詞

Ladiesandgentlemen,todaywearegoingtovisitafamousBuddhisttemple---theJadeBuddhaTemple.Beforevisitingthetemple,IdliketosayafewwordsaboutthereligioussituationinShanghai.OurconstitutionstipulatesthateveryChinesecitizenisensuredthefreedomofreligiousbelief.TherearefourmajorreligionsinpracticeinShanghai,namely,Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,andChristianity,whichissub-dividedintotheCatholicChurchandtheProtestantChurch.WhenitcomestoBuddhisttemplesinChina,theyareusuallyclassifiedintothreesects,i.e.templesformeditation,forpreachingandforpracticingBuddhistdisciplines.TheJadeBuddhaTempleisatempleformeditation,andiswell-knownbothathomeandabroad.

ThetemplewasfirstbuiltduringthereignofEmperorGuangxuofQingDynasty,whenamonknamedHuiGenwentonapilgrimagetoBurmaandbroughtbackfivejadestatuesofSakyamuni.OnhiswaybacktoMountPutuoviaShanghai,helefttwojadestatueshere,oneinsittingpostureandtheother,reclining.Hehadatemplespeciallybuiltasashrineforthesetwostatuesin1882.laterthetemplewaspartlydestroyedbyfireandin1928anewtemplewascompletedonthepresentsite.

Justoppositethetemplegate,therestandsagiantscreenwall.Variousdesigns,suchasdragon,phoenix,elephant,craneandpeonyarecarvedonit.InChineselegend,allthesethingsareconsideredthesymbolsoffortune,wealth,longevityandauspiciousness.Chinesepeopleusedtosetupawallinfrontofthehousesoastokeeptheevilsaway.

Nowladiesandgentlemen,pleaseturnaround.Herewecanseethetemplegate.ItisalsocalledtheSanmenGate,orsay,theGateofThreeExtrications.ThedoorinthemiddleiscalledtheDoorofEmptiness,toitsrightistheDoorofNon-phenomenon,andtoitsleft,theDoorofNon-Action.SanmenGateisalsocalledtheMountainGatebecausemostfamoustemplesinChinaarefounddeepinmountains.ButtheSanmengatedoesnotopenexceptonthefirstandthefifteenthofeverylunarmonth.Nowthiswaytotheentrance.

Ladiesandgentlemen,thefirsthallistheHeavenlyKingHall.Wewillusethereardoor,pleasefollowme.

(intheHeavenlyKingHallnexttothesouthernentrance)

Herewecanfindthestatueofafatandsmilingmonkwithbaredbelly.HeisBodhisattvaMaitreya.Hissmileissocontagiousthatyouwillsmilewithhimandforgetallyourworries.SoheisalsocalledtheLaughingBuddha.AccordingtoBuddhistscripture,heisnowpracticingBuddhismintheTusitaHeaven.After4000years,whichisequalto5.67billionyearsontheearth,hewillbecomesuccessortoSakyamuniunderaLongHuaTreeinHualinGarden.HenceanothernametheFutureBuddha.ButthisstatueweseehereisnottherealimageofBodhisattvaMaitreya,itisjusthisincarnation..itissaidthatDuringtheFiveDynastiesPeriod,1000yearsago,therelivedinFenhuainZhejiangProvinceamonknamedQiCi,whoalwayscarriedawoodenstaffwithaclothsackonhisshoulder.Heoftenwentaroundtownsandinstreetstobegalms.Thereforehebecameknownas"theClothSackMonk'.Healwayssmiledandlaughed,lookingashappyasever.Whenhewasdying,heleftthemessagesayingthathewastheincarnationofBodhisattvaMaitreya.SohisimageisenshrinedintheBuddhistTempleastheincarnationofBodhisattvaMaitreya.

(ontheeasternsideoftheHeavenlyKingHall)

Onthetwosidesofthehallareenshrinedfourstatues.Theyareso-calledFourHeavenlyKings.IntheBuddhistlegend,thereisinthecenteroftheworldahighestmountaincalledMountSumeru.HalfwayonitisamountaincalledMountGhandarawithfourpeaks.OneachpeaklivesaHeavenlyKingprotectingtheBuddhistheaven.ThefirstoneistheSouthernKing---KingofDevelopingMerits.Hisdutyistoeducatealllivingcreaturesanddevelopking-heartedness.Heisholdingaswordinhishandwhichcanemitaraytochopofftheenemiesheads.TheonenexttohimistheEasternKing---KingofProtectionforBuddhism.Heisholdinginhishandapipa,whichissomewhatlikeaguitar.Withthispipa,heoffersmusictotheBuddha.Meanwhilethispipaisamagicweapon.Itcansendoutamusicalrhythmtodefeattheenemybytormentingbrainandcausinghimtolosecombatability.Nowladiesandgentlemen,pleasecomeovertothisside.

(onthewesternsideoftheHeavenlyKingHall)

ThefirstoneonthissideistheNorthernKing---KingofVirtue.Heissocalledbecauseofhisvirtue.Heisholdingaparasol-shapedstelainhishand.TheparasolcanbeopenedintoacanopyinBuddhistprocessions.Itisatthesametimeamagicumbrella.Onceitisopenedinthebattlefield,theskyturnsdarkandawind-stormrises,defeatingtheenemywithadizzyspellandthenitclosesupcapturingalltheenemies.NexttohimistheWesternKing---KingofFarSight.Heobservestheworldwithhispenetratingeyes.Heisholdingadragon-shapedsilkrope.Theropeisactuallyanet,withwhichheconvertspeopletoBuddhismjustlikecatchingfishwithanet.Thisdragonalsohasamagicpower.Itcanspurtwaterfromitsmouthanddrowntheenemyinfloods.

(intheHeavenlyKingHallnexttothereardoor)

TheStatuefacingthereardoorisBodhisattvaSkanda.Heisalwaysdressedinarmourwithaworriorsclubinhishand.OriginallyhewasoneoftheeightheavenlygeneralsundertheSouthernKingofDevelopingMerits.Laterhehasbeenenshrinedherebecauseofhisbravery.Heisalsoagodofmessage,afleet-footrunner,sowhenvisitorscometothetemple,hewillimmediatelyreporttotheBuddhaintheGrandHall.

Nowladiesandgentlemen,thatsallfortheHeavenlyKingHall.Pleasefollowmeandlookoutthethresholdandthesteps.

Nowwecanseeagianttripodinthecourtyard.Itisactuallyagiantincenseburner.ItwasdonatedbysomeBuddhistlaymenwhobelievedthatbydonatingsomethingtheBuddhatheycanhelppurifythesoulsoftheirdeadrelativesfromsinsandrelievethemfrompurgatory.

Nowthisisthemainhall,knownastheGrandHallorGrandHalloftheGreatSage.ItisthemainstructureineveryBuddhisttemple,wherethestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhismisenshrined.

(intheGrandHall)

Ladiesandgentlemen,inthemiddleofthehallisthestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhism.OnhisrightisMedicineBuddhaandonhisleftisAmitabhaBuddha.Eachisseatedonalotusblossomandhasabackhalo.SakyamunisoriginalnamewasSiddharthaGautama.HewasacontemporaryofConfucius.HewasborntoawarriorsfamilyintheHimalayanfoothillinancientIndia,orsay,inpresent-dayNepal.Hespenthisyouthingreatluxury.Butherenouncedthehumanworldattheageof29insearchofanultimatesolutiontotheproblemsofhumansufferings.Aftersixyearsofspiritualdisciplinehegotenlightenedattheageof35.hespenttheremaining45yearsofhislifeteachinghisreligionandestablishingacommunityformonkstocontinuehiswork.Hewasentitled"Sakyamuni',whichmeans"thegreatsageoftheSakyaClan'.Hediedattheageof80.

OnhischestthereisasignthatresemblesaswastikabutithasnothingtodowithHitlersfascismbecauseitisinaninvertedorder.Itisactuallyareligioustalismanusedinancientorient,symbolizingtheconcentrationofhappinessandauspiciousness.

TheMedicineBuddhaisresponsiblefortheEasternBrightWorld.Sincehecanrelievepeopleofallpainsandsufferings,heiscalledtheMedicineBuddha.Heisholdingawheel,whichsignifiestheunremittingeffortofconvertingpeopletoBuddhismjustliketurningawheel.

AmitabhaBuddhaisinchargeoftheWesternParadise.HeisholdingagoldenlotusblossomstandwithwhichheextraditesBuddhistbelieverstotheWesternPureLand,thereforeheisalsocalledtheBuddhaofGuidance.

InfrontoftheMedicineBuddhaisahollowwoodenfish.Itisactuallyaninstrumentusedbythemonkstoaccompanythechantingoftheirprayers.Butdoyouhappentoknowwhyitisinthepatternofafish?Nowletmetellyouaboutit.Themonksthinkthatfishisthemostdiligentanimalintheworldbecauseitneverclosesitseyes,thereforetheimageofthefishisusedtoadvisepeoplethattheyshouldpracticeBuddhismasdiligentlyasthefish.

Onbothsidesofthehallstand20HeavenlyGods,allprotectorsofBuddhistlaws.TheyallbendslightlyasiftheyarelisteningattentivelytoSakyamunispreaching.

ThefirstoneontherightsideisBrahma,thechiefgodofBrahmanisminancientIndia.ItwasbelievedinancientIndiathatalllivingcreaturesintheworld,includinggodsandmen,werecreatedbyhimandhewasthushonoredastheGreatCreator.NexttohimisYamaraja,theGodofHell,whoisinchargeofthenetherworld.

ThefourthoneonthissideisGoddessofLovingChildren.Thereisaninterestingstoryabouther.Itissaidthatbeforeshebecameagoddessshewasawickedwoman.Sheherselfhadmanychildren,500inall,including3sonsand497daughters.HerfavoritechildwasheryoungestsonnamedAiNu,nowstandingbyherside.Asshealwaysatethechildrenofotherpeople,Buddhadecidedtoconverther.Oneday,hehidAiNuinajar.Whenthewomanfoundherchildmissingshelookedforhimeverywherebutcouldnotfindhim.ThenBuddhacameuptoherandsaid,"Ifyouareworriedwhenyourchildismissing,whataboutothermotherswhosechildrenyouhaveeaten?'Fromthenonshebegantodisciplineherselfandfinallybecameagoddess.

ThisistheEmperoroftheSolarPalace,orsaytheChineseApolo,oppositehimistheChineseDiana,theemperoroftheLunarPalace.ThelaststatueonthissideistheDragonKing.

(atthebackoftheGrandHall)

Ladiesandgentlemen,behindthestatueofSakyamunithereisagiantmuralsculpture.InthemiddleisthestatueofBodhisattvaGuanyin.GuanyinwasoriginallynamedGuanshiyinbutlaterabbreviatedintoGuanyinbecausethecharacter"shi'wasoneofthecharactersintheTangEmperorLiShiminsnameandwasconsideredaforbiddenname.GuanyinoftentakestheimageofagoddessinordertoconvertwomentoBuddhism.Actuallyhecanincarnateinto32imagestoconvertpeoplefromallwalksoflifeandrelievepeoplefromallkindsofsufferings.Anylivingcreatureintroubleneedsonlytorecitehisnameandhewillrespondtothecryandreadilycometohelpridingontheheadofahugeturtle.ThatswhyheisdescribedasaBodhisattvaofGreatMercy.Byhertwosidesarehertwodisciples,SanCaitheboyandLongNuthegirl.AboveGuanyinisastatueofSakyamuniwhenhewasdoingasceticpracticesinaforest.Amonkeyontherightisofferingpreachestohimandadeerontheleftisgivinghimmilktodrink.

NowafewwordsaboutSanCai,theboyandLongNu,thegirl.ItissaidthatwhenSanCaiwasborn,anumberoftreasurescamewithhim,hencehisname.Bytheway,"Can'inChinesemeans"wealth'.HewaslaterconvertedbyBodhisattvaManjusri,theBodhisattvaofGreatWisdom,andwentonapilgrimagetothesouthinsearchofteaching.Hewasgoingtocallon53teachersandthenmetGuanyin,hopingtoobtaintheguidancetobuddhahood.Therearealtogether53statuesonthemuralsculpture,excludingthe18arhats.TheywereallsupposedtobeSanCaisteachers.Hecametothemoneaftertheother.Guanyinwashis27thteacher.LongNu,thedaughterofDragonKing,wasagenius.Attheageof8sheoftenattendedlecturesbyManjusri.LatershemettheBuddhaandattainedbuddhahood.

Beloware18arhats,alldisciplesofSakyamuni.AccordingtoBuddhistscripture,SakyamuniaskedthemtostaypermanentlyontheearthtohelpconvertpeopletoBuddhism.Arhatshavethreecharacteristics,namely,theycanridofallworries,theyshouldbesupportedandofferedbyallpeople,andtheyenternirvanaonceforallandneverincarnateagain.

(intheHalloftheRecliningBuddha)

LadiesandGentlemen:inthemiddleofthehallwecanseeajadestatueoftherecliningBuddha.ThisisSakyamuniinhisdeathbed,orsay,enteringnirvana.Wecanseehimlookingslightlyupwardandrecliningonhisrightarm.Somemayaskwhyhelookssocalmandcarefree.Itissaidthatinhisentirelife-timehehadtaught500disciples,therefore,hefeltnoworrybecausehefirmlybelievedthathisdiscipleswouldcarryforwardhisprinciplesandpreachhisdoctrinestoemancipatemankind.Thisstatue,96cmlong,iscarvedoutofasinglepieceofjade.ItwasbroughtfromBurmatogetherwiththeotherstatueinsittingposture.Thecarvingwasexquisitelydonewithdelicatefeaturesandaslenderfigure,itisconsideredarareBuddhistrelic,whichcontributestoJadeBuddhaTemplesreputation.Nowladiesandgentlemen,overherewecanseefourpicturesonthewallofthehallwhichdescribethelifestoryofSakyamuni.Thefirstone,"Tonsure',describesSakyamunihavinghisheadtonsuredandclotheschangedintoamonksrobewhenhecameamonkattheageof29;thesecond,"Enlightenment',aftersixyearsasceticpracticehebecameenlightenedandattainedbuddhahoodattheageof35;thethird,"Preaching',Sakyamuniispreachingtohisfirstfivedisciples;andthefourth,"Nirvana',Sakyamunienterednirvanaattheageof80.

(beforeenteringtheJadeBuddhaChamber)

Ladiesandgentlemen,wearegoingtovisitthelastmainstructureontheaxis---theJadeBuddhaChamber.Itislocatedonthesecondfloor.Pleasedonottakepicturesorvideotape-recordinginthechamber.

(intheJadeBuddhaChamber)

LadiesandGentlemen,thestatueinfrontofusistheJadeBuddhainsittingposture.SinceBuddhismisaleadingreligioninChina,thereareagreatnumberofstatuesofSakyamunialloverthecountry,andmostofthemaremadeoutofstone,clay,orwood,butajadestatueoftheBuddhaofthissizeis