新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2課文總結(jié)U1AR1Whatarethemostimportantissuesforstudentstoday?reallysuchadifferentplacecomparedtowhatitwas40yearsago?IstheuniversitycampusForthestudentsinthe1960s,goingtocollegewasthemostexcitingandstimulatingexperieneeoftheirlife.Theytookpartinprotestsandlaunchedstrikesagainsttheestablishmentwiththeirnewandpassionatecommitmenttofreedomandjustice.Goingtocollegealsomeanttheirfirsttasteofrealfreedom.Theycoulddiscussthemeaningoflife,readtheirfirstforbiddenbookandseetheirfirstIndiefilm.Incontrast,thestudentstodaydonthavethepassionforcollegelifethattheyusedto.arekeentoescape.Today,collegeisseenasakindofsmalltownfromwhichpeopleInsteadoftheheadyatmosphereoffreedomwhichstudentsinthe1960sdiscovered,studentstodayaremuchmoreserious.Collegehasbecomeameanstoanend,anopportunitytoimprovetheir13)prospectsofbeingcompetitiveintheemploymentmarket,andnotanendinitself.Butinspiteofallthis,theroleoftheuniversityisthesameasitalwayshasbeen.Itistheplacewherestudentshavetheopportunitytolearntothinkforthemselves.U1AR2Oldergenerationsgenerallyhaveanegativeattitudetotoday'sstudents,theproductofpostmoderntimes.Today'sstudentsareexpectedtoaccomplishanythinginanerawithextraordinaryprivilegesandopportunities.Itwouldseemtheydotheopposite.TheydirecttheirenergyontheInternetcommunicatingideasandfrustrations,insteadoftryingtoasserttheiridentitybyrevolution.Perhapswhentheyarenottoldaboutwhattheirparentsdidbefore,theywillbeseenwritingtherevolutionintechnology.U2AR1Empathy,onceknownasmotormimicry,originatesfromphysicalimitationofothers'distress,whichthenarousesthesamefeelingsinoneself.Childrenseemtofeelotherchildren'spainanddiscomfortfromthedaytheyareborn--muchearlierthantheyrealizetheyexistasindividuals.Byoneyearold,theystarttolearnthmiseryissomeoneelse'sbutstillseemconfusedaboutwhattodo.Ataroundtwoandahalfyears,childrenmaygrowoutofmotormimicrywhentheyareabletodifferentiatetheirownfeelingsfrom'feelingssotheyareabletouseothermeanstocomfortothers.Atthesametime,theirempathicconcernbeginstodifferfromonetoanother.U2AR2ThisisSandyisanextractfromTone,astoryaboutthelifeofadeafgirl.Shethinksherfriendsarehonorablepeoplewhobeamwithpridewhentheyintroducehertosomeonenew.Whenpeoplefindoutsheisdeaftheyaremostlyshockedforamomentatfirstbutpretendnottobe.Sandysaysthatthehearingaidsshesawinacatalogaregreatfashionaccessories,they'rejustlikeaclipyouputontoyourear.Sandylikestoshowherhearingaid.Shedoesn'ttieherhairupinaknotbutshetucksitbehindherears.Sandy'sfriendCarolintroduceshertoaboycalledColinataparty.TheysittogetheronacouchandColinrealizesthatSandycanunderstandwhatheissayingbyreadinghislips.Someoneturnsupthevolumeofthemusicandtheydancetogether.Soontheyaredating.Thisiswhentherealdramabegins.U3AR1Identitytheftreferstostealinginformationaboutsomeonethatmakesitpossibletousetheirbankaccountorcredcard.Withaninformalandconversationaltonetheauthorpersuadesreadersintoactionsagainstthethreatsofidentityfraudinourdailylife.Accordingtotheauthorwemakethethieves'jobeasybyleavingourmailsunprotected,usingballpensforchecksandforms,throwingdocumentscontainingourpersonalinformationinthetrash,leavingourcomputeronandsoon.Soweshouldlookfordifferentwaystoprotectourselvesandchangeourmindset.Identitycrimeisverylikelytohappenatanytime,toanyofus.Wecantakeprecautionstoimprovethechancesofavoidingthiscrime,thoughitwillnevergoaway.U3AR2Thewritertriestocreateafeelingoffearinordertowarnreadersofthethreatinvolvedintheever-increasingamountofdataonpeoplebeingcollected.Withvariousstylisticdevices,thewriterleadsreadersalonghisthought-pathstepbysteptothepointthatcollectingpersonalinformationplacespeopleinperilbecausewedon'knowwhocollectsitforwhatpurposes.Andneitherdoweknowwheretheinformationgoesandhowitisused.Accordingtothewriter,identitytheftismuchfearedinsociety,butthereareworsethingsthanthat.Andthedangerisgrowingthoughitisvague,notcertain.Thereisnobalanceyetbetweentheconvenienceoftheworldandtheperilthatwesenseinthepresenceofallthatinformationinthedatabaseswhichcanbeemployedasaweaponaswellasatool.U5AR1Asananti-warnovel,Catch-22iswellknownforitscomictoneasagainstthenormalperceptionofawarnovelwhichtendstobeserious,sentimentalandinvolvebloodshed.ItsmaincharacterisYossarian.Unlikethewarheroeswhowoudiefortheirhomecountry,Yossarianaimstosurvivethewarandgobackhome.Toachievethisgoal,hehastopretendtobeinsane.Ifhewerecrazy,hecouldbegrounded.SohehadtoaskDocDaneekafirst.ButonceheaskedDocDaneeka,itmeanthewouldnoIongerbecrazyandwouldhavetoflymoremissions.Normally,hewassaneifhedid'tflymoremissionswhilehewouldbecrazyifheflewmoremissions.Anyway,hewoulbeplungedintoatrickysituation—aCatch-22situation.U5AR2ToescapefromNazipersecutionoftheJews,AnneandherfamilymembersemigratedfromGermanytoHolland.However,in1940theGermansinvaded,andoccupiedHolland.SoquicklydidthepersecutionoftheDutchJewsbegintherethattheFranksandanotherJewfamily,theVanPelswentintohidinginthesecretannexes.Forthenexttwoyears,eightpeopleofthetwofamilieswereconfinedtojustsixsmallroomsandcouldnevergooutside.Undersuchharshcircumstances,Annecontinuedtowriteherdiary,whichshestartedafewweeksbeforetheymovetothehiding.Herdiarywastheaccountoftheday-to-dayactivityintheannex-thesuffering,butherdreamsandaspirationswerestillthere.ThediaryvoicedadeclarationofherprinciplesandoftherighttohumandignitysoprofoundlythatitwaviewedasthevoiceofHolocaust.InAugust1944,thehidingplacewasstormed,andNaziofficersarrestedeveryone.Theyweretakentoconcentrationcamps.Outoftheeightpeopleinhiding,OttoFrankwastheonlysurvivors,andwhenhefoundhisdaughter'sdiaryafterthewar,hearrangedforitspublicationinrecognitionofhercourage.Annecomforttotheworldafterherdeath.'swritingwouldbeasupportandU7AR1Onacold,windymorning,Iwashangingupthelaundryinthebackyard,whileHogahnwasplayingatwo-footoakbranchthathadfallenintohislovingpossession.Focusedoncapturingthesheetwhichwastryingtosailoffoverthepondtojointheskysothatitdrapedevenlyovertheline,Idistractedlypickedupthestickandtosseditdownthehilltowardthefencethatseparatedtheyardfromthewater.ButthestickwentfurtherthanIexpectedandfellintothepond.SodidHogahn,whoracedtocatchthestick.Iwaspenetratinglyawareofthedangersofdrowningintheicypond,butIstillwalkedintoittosavethedog.AfterIcarriedhimoutofthewaterandrubbedhimwithatowel,Hogahnwentoverandexaminedmywetclothesonthefloor.Hewaspleasedthatwehadsharedadramaticexperieneetogether.U7AR2Animalsusedtobecomparedtomachinesprogrammedtoreacttostimuli.Theywerenotconsideredcapableoffeengorthinkingandcertainlynotofunderstandingabstractconcepts.However,newstudieshaveshownthatintelligenceinotlimitedtoushumanbeingsaswellasspecieswithwhomwehaveacommonancestor.Elephantscanrecognizethemselvesinamirrorandbirdscanunderstandmanyconcepts.Scientistsnowbelievethatintelligenceevolvestosuitthenvironmentinthesamewaythatbodiesdo.Asaresult,theysuggestthatweshouldreconsiderthewaywetreatanimalsU8AR1InthebookPaintingasaPastime,Churchillargues,verysuccessfully,thateverythinkingpersonshouldhavetwoorthreelifelonghobbies.Hehasastrongopinionthatwhenthehumanmindisfocusedonthehobby,thenthepartsofthemindthatrunthepersonsenterprisecanactuallybeunderrecuperationandrepair.Churchillcontendsthat,toapublicman,thecultivationofahobbyisapolicyoffirstimportance.Hesuggestst