學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精河北省平山縣2015高考英語(yǔ)一輪練習(xí)（7)及答案閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing。However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom。SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout。Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease。Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ。Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine。Hasthehatefordirt，however,gonetoofar？Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays。Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist（免疫學(xué)家），encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.本文介紹了人們對(duì)灰塵的不同態(tài)度和看法.16世紀(jì)早期，人們認(rèn)為灰塵能阻擋疾病。人們不能洗澡。18世紀(jì)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為洗掉灰塵對(duì)身體有好處,能阻止疾病.而現(xiàn)在，人們對(duì)灰塵有不同看法,有人認(rèn)為不能碰灰塵，而有人認(rèn)為灰塵能增強(qiáng)免疫力。5．ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause________.A．theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentB．theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC．theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD．theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease答案：C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)短文第二段第二、三句話可知。人們認(rèn)為公共浴池是特別危險(xiǎn)的，法國(guó)和英國(guó)的國(guó)王都關(guān)閉了他們的浴池，由此可知C項(xiàng)正確.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing？A．Afraid。 B．Curious.C．Approving。 D．Uninterested.答案：A。推理判斷題.根據(jù)短文第二段最后兩句話可知，享利四世以臟出名，當(dāng)他得知有人洗澡，為了避免疾病侵襲，他下令不準(zhǔn)這人出門。由此可知享利四世對(duì)于洗澡是相當(dāng)害怕的。7。Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexamples. B。Bymakingcomparisons。C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime. D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance。答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題，本文是以時(shí)間為線索進(jìn)行寫作的。先寫16世紀(jì)人們對(duì)灰塵的態(tài)度，然后是17世紀(jì)，最后寫到今天人們的態(tài)度。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A。Tostresstheroleofdirt。 B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt。C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt. D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt。答案:D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。整篇文章作者陳述了三個(gè)不同的時(shí)間，人們對(duì)待灰塵的看法,由此向我們展示了人們對(duì)灰塵觀點(diǎn)的改變。較難題目特訓(xùn)：科普知識(shí)類ThelatestresearchsuggeststhatthekeyfactorseparatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotI.Q。,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess。Instead，it’spurposefulpractice。Topperformersspendmorehourspractisingtheircraft。Ifyouwantedtopicturehowatypicalgeniusmightdevelop,you'dtakeagirlwhopossessedaslightlyaboveaveragelanguageability.Itwouldn’thavetobeabigtalent，justenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseofdistinction.Thenyouwouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist，whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarqualities。Maybethewriterwasfromthesametown,hadthesamefamilybackground,or,sharedthesamebirthday。Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself.Itwouldgivehersomeideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoin.Itwouldalsohelpifoneofherparentsdiedwhenshewas12,givingherastrongsenseofinsecurityandfuellingadesperateneedforsuccess.Armedwiththisambition,shewouldreadnovelsandlifestoriesofwriterswithoutend。Thiswouldgiveheraprimaryknow—ledgeofherfield.She'dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyunderstanditsinnerworkings。Thenshewouldpractisewriting。Herpracticewouldbeslow，painstakinganderror—focused.Bypractisinginthisway，shedelaystheautomatizingprocess。Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsintounconscious,automaticallyperformedskills。Bypractisingslowly，bybreakingskillsdownintotinypartsandrepeating，sheforcesthebraintointernalizeabetterpatternofperformance.Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstantstreamoffeedback,viewingherperformancefromtheoutside，correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotakeontougherchallenges.Bynowsheisredoingproblems—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom—dozensanddozensoftimes.Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinordertounderstandorsolvefutureproblems.Theprimaryqualityouryoungwriterpossessesisnotsomemysteriousgenius.It’stheabilitytodevelopapurposeful，laboriousandboringpracticeroutine.Thelatestresearchtakessomeofthemagicoutofgreatachievement。Butitunderlinesafactthatisoftenneglected。Publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe’re“hard—wired”todo.Andit’struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities.Butthebrainisalsoveryplastic。Weconstructourselvesthroughbehaviour。1.Thepassagemainlydealswith.A。thefunctionofI。Q。incultivatingawriterB。therelationshipbetweengeniusandsuccessC.thedecisivefactorinmakingageniusD.thewayofgainingsomesenseofdistinction2.Byreadingnovelsandwriters'stories,thegirlcould.A。cometounderstandtheinnerstructureofwritingB。joinafascinatingcircleofwriterssomedayC.sharewithanovelistherlikesanddislikesD。learnfromthelivingexamplestoestablishasenseofsecurity3.Inthegirl'slongpainstakingtrainingprocess,.A.heradviserformsaprimarychallengingforcetohersuccessB.herwritingturnsintoanautomaticpatternofperformanceC.sheacquiresthemagicofsomegreatachievementsD.shecomestorealizesheis“hard-wired"towrite4。Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage？A。Afuellingambitionplaysaleadingroleinone’ssuccess.B。Aresponsibleadviserismoreimportantthantheknowledgeofwriting。C.Astothegrowthofagenius，I。Q。doesn’tmatter,butjusthis/herefforts。D。Whatreallymattersiswhatyoudoratherthanwhoyouare?！緟⒖即鸢浮?2。1-4CABD【山東省日照市2014高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷】AnewreportfromtheUnitedStatessurgeongeneralfindsthatsmokingtobaccoisevendeadlierthanhadbeenknown．Thereportsayssmokingcausesbirthdiseases—aleadingcauseofdeathamongbabies．Italsolinkssmokingtocanceroftheliverandcolon，diabetesandotherillnesses．ThefirstU．S．surgeongeneral’sreportontobaccoandhealthwasreleasedin1964．Itwasthefirstscientificreporttolinksmokingwithlungcancerandheartdisease．Now，50yearslater，ActingSurgeonGeneralBorisLushniakhasreleasedanewreport．Hisreportprovidesmoreevidenceaboutsmokingtobaccoandhowitcanharmhealth．“Ifwe'regoingtoworktogethertoachieveasocietyfreeoftobacco—relateddisease,thismustbeunderstood,"saidLushniak．Thenewreporturgesincreaseduseoftobacco—controlmeasures．Thesuggestedcontrolsincluderaisingpricesofcigarettes，andexpandingbansonsmokinginenclosedspaces。DoctorLushniakalsosaidsmokingholdsbackthebody’snaturaldefensesforfightingdisease．Hesaidthisincreasesasmoker’slikelihoodofgettinganinfectiousdisease．‘‘Oneofthemostdisturbingfindingsisthatthediseaserisksfromsmokingbywomenhaverisensharplyoverthelastfiftyyears．Womenarenowaslikelytodiefromsmokingasmen，womensmokers’riskoflungcancerisnowthesameasmen，andmorewomendiefromchroniclungdiseasethanmen，”saidLushniak．Thenewreportfindsthatthosewhodonotsmokeareatahigherriskforstrokeifleftunprotectedfromtobaccosmoke．Thelatestresearchalsoshowsdamagetounbornchildren．Babiesaremorelikelvtobebornwithcleftpalate（先天性腭裂）ifthemothersmokes．Thechemicalsintobaccosmokecanhavelastingeffectsonbraindevelopmentinafetus(胎兒)．Thesurgeongeneralwouldliketoseemoreactiontokeepyoungpeoplefromdevelopingasmokinghabit．Hesupportshigherpricesoncigarettes，moreanti—smokingmediacampaignsandmorehelpforpeoplewhowanttoquitsmoking．56．Thenewfindingsshowsthatsmokingtobacco_________________．A．cancauselungcancerandheartdiseaseB．haslittletodowithdiabetesandotherdiseasesC．isthebiggesthealthkillerintheworldD．doesgreaterharmthanwhathadbeenwidelyknown57．Fromthenewreport，welearnthat_______________．A．mentaldiseaseisanumberonecauseofdeathsamongbabiesB．smokingweakensthebody'snaturaldefensesC．womensmokershaveahigherriskoflungcancerthanmenD．tobaccosmokehasnobadeffectonunbornchildren58．Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3refersto_____________．A．theevidenceaboutsmokingandhowitharmshealthB．a(chǎn)societyfreeoftobacco-relateddiseasesC．increaseduseoftobacco—controlmeasuresD．thefirstU．S．surgeongeneral’sreport59．WhichofthefollowingwillreceiveLushniak’sapproval?A．Decreasingpricesofcigarettes．B．Allowingsmokinginenclosedspaces．C．Moreanti—smokingmediacampaigns．D．Morehelpforpeoplewhosmoke．60．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Anti—smokingMediaCampaignsB．TheFirstU．S．SurgeonGeneral’sReportC．Tobacco-controlMeasuresBenefitWomenD．SmokingCausesMoreHealthProblems【參考答案】56-60DBACD【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】抽煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多健康問(wèn)題而不僅僅是肺癌。一份美國(guó)新報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸煙比過(guò)去所知曉的更為致命。該報(bào)告顯示，吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致先天性缺陷，這是嬰兒死亡的主要原因。報(bào)告稱吸煙還與肝癌、結(jié)腸癌、糖尿病等疾病有關(guān)。56.D細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解。由文章第一段第一句“Anewreport…isevendeadlierthanhadbeenknown。”可得出答案。新報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸煙比過(guò)去所知曉的更為致命.57.B考查對(duì)短文多個(gè)信息的分析和概括.文章第五段“…smokingholdsbackthebody’snaturaldefenses。。.”告訴我們:吸煙會(huì)抑制人體抵抗疾病的天然防御系統(tǒng)。因此，B為正確答案。58。A根據(jù)上下文的邏輯判斷指代關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文結(jié)構(gòu)及文意，可以得出結(jié)論：想要共同努力建設(shè)一個(gè)無(wú)煙草相關(guān)疾病的社會(huì),我們必須知道更多吸煙及其危害健康的事實(shí)及證據(jù).59.C根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)信息作分析推斷。由文章第四段和最后一段可以看出:BorisLushniak的新報(bào)告督促增強(qiáng)煙草控制措施的運(yùn)用，包括擴(kuò)大密閉場(chǎng)所的禁煙令。他支持提高香煙價(jià)格，舉辦更多反對(duì)吸煙的媒體宣傳活動(dòng)，以及為戒煙者提供更多幫助。60。D考查對(duì)文章主旨大意的理解。綜合全文可知:抽煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多健康問(wèn)題，而不僅僅是肺癌.社會(huì)生活類“BEIJING,Sep.10（Xinhuanet）-Theextra—largemodelbabyintheSpainPavilion（館)was‘conceived（構(gòu)思)’byaSpanishfilmmaker,”ShiYingyingreports。Visitorsadmiringthe6.5-meter—highgiantbaby,Miguelin，intheSpainPavilionmaybesurprisedtorealizethatitwasnottheconceptofafamousdesigneroragroupofgroundbreakingengineers.Itcamefromonefilmmaker’sinterpretationofthemeaningof“BetterSpanishdirectorIsabelCoixetdevelopedtheideaafterbeingaskedtocontributetoExpo2010Shanghai?！癟heyaskedmetodosomethingtotelltheChineseaudienceaboutSpaininthefutureandthefirstthingjumpingtomymindwasababy,”saidCoixet。“Ifwereallyfighttohavebettercars，bettercitiesandbetterlives，it’sforthem—forourchildren。”DespiteherSpanishheritage，Coixetdoesn’tfocusonmakingSpanishfilmsorusingSpainasthesetting.Fansofhervariousaward-winningfilms,includingMyLifeWithoutMe，TheSecretLifeofWordsandElegy,maynotevenbeawareofCoixet'sSpanishbackground?！癟hebordersbetweencountriesarejustillusion（假象)，"saidCoixet。“Somedirectorsfeelreallycomfortabletellingstoriesthatbelongtotheirterritory.”ButCoixetfeelstheopposite：“I’mmorecomfortableoutsidemycountry.Itgivesmeastrangefreedom。”O(jiān)neofherfavoritethingsaboutbeingadirectoristhefreedom.“Thethingisthattheworldiswideandthisfreedomletsyoumakefilmseverywhere,”shesaid。Coixet’scuriositytookherlatestexplorationandmovieworktoJapan。InthemovieMapoftheSoundofTokyo，theCatalanactorSergiLopezistheownerofawineshopinTokyo，andJapaneseactressRinkoKikuchiisayoungwomanwhoworksbothasafishmongerandasahiredkiller.Theclash(沖突)ofthetwopeople’sverydifferentworldsandthetango-likerelationshiptheydevelopisjustonerepresentationofwhatCoixetisabletoproducebymixingcultures.Whileshedoesn’tknowifshewillshootafilminShanghai,twothingshavecaughtherattention：Shanghainesewomenandcrickets（蟋蟀)