第十六章 簡(jiǎn)單句一、考點(diǎn)解讀本章要求考生掌握句子主要成分、簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型與五種簡(jiǎn)單句的基本用法。陳述句與反意疑問句為歷年高職高考常考的知識(shí)之一,主要考查形式有語法選擇題和完成句子題。二、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)(一)句子成分句子成分主要有:主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語與狀語。He(主)is(謂)smart(表).We

learn

oral(定)English(賓)in

the

park(狀).句型例句主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)(+狀語)Everybody

laughed.主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語

(+狀語)I

like

English

(verymuch).主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語We

call

her

Ann.主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語My

mother

gave

me(間賓)a

gift(直賓).主語+(連)系動(dòng)詞+表語He

is

honest.(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】注意及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)與不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)的區(qū)別,及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語,如buy,raise,say等。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語,如go,work,look等。直接賓語表示動(dòng)作的承受者,一般是物。間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰或?yàn)檎l做的,一般是人。常見連系動(dòng)詞有be,seem,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,keep,remain(保持),appear(似乎)等。狀語一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式和程度等?！纠}詳析】(

)例1.The

woman

showed

me

the

way.B.主+謂+賓+狀D.主+謂+間賓+直賓A.狀+主+謂+賓C.主+系+表+狀【答案】D【解析】thewoman為主語,showed為謂語,me為間接賓語,the

way為直接賓語?！倦S堂精練】( )1.Mike

put

the

books

into

the

box.A.狀+主+謂+賓C.主+系+表+狀B.主+謂+間賓+直賓

D.主+謂+賓+狀【答案】D(三)句子種類陳述句帶有謂語動(dòng)詞be,助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did,have,has,had)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的肯定句,變?yōu)榉穸ň鋺?yīng)在謂語動(dòng)詞后加not。He

is

not

watching

TV

now.She

doesn’t

like

playing

basketball.注意:帶有否定詞如no,hardly,never,seldom,scarcely的肯定句為否定句意義。They

have

no

money.I

seldom

get

up

late.疑問句(1)一般疑問句帶有謂語動(dòng)詞be,助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did,have,has,had)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的陳述句,變成一般疑問句時(shí)將其提到句首。Did

she

ask

him

a

question?Has

he

left

school?特殊疑問句由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的句子為特殊疑問句。①疑問代詞有:who(主語),whom(賓語),whose,what,which。Who

is

talking

with

you?Whom

are

you

talking

with?②疑問副詞有:when,where,why,how。Why

were

you

late

for

school?How

much

orange

juice

do

you

like?選擇疑問句①帶or的選擇疑問句:Are

you

a

doctor

or

a

nurse?②帶which的選擇疑問句:Which

one

do

you

prefer,tea

or

coffee?(4)反意疑問句反意疑問句為附加在陳述句之后,對(duì)前面表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問的句子?；驹瓌t:若陳述句是肯定句,附加疑問句為:be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/have/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+主語。若陳述句是否定句,附加疑問句為:be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/have/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語。They

were

playing

football

at

this

time

yesterday,weren’t

they?She

doesn’t

want

to

leave

her

hometown,doesshe?He

has

never

been

abroad,has

he?You

can

finish

the

work

on

time,can’t

you?*祈使句附加疑問句由let’s引導(dǎo)的祈使句,附加疑問句用shall

we。Let’s

go

shopping,shall

we?由let

us

引導(dǎo)的祈使句,附加疑問句用willyou。Let

us

visit

your

house,will

you?*其他祈使句肯定祈使句表請(qǐng)求,附加疑問句用will

you。Give

me

the

book,will

you?肯定祈使句表邀請(qǐng)、勸誘,附加疑問句用won’t

you。Have

some

fruit,won’t

you?否定祈使句附加疑問句用will

you。Don’t

be

late

for

school

again,will

you?作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞附加疑問句例句作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞附加疑問句例句need陳述句為肯定用

needn’tHe

need

set

offnow,needn’t

he?陳述句為肯定附加疑問句為助動(dòng)詞否定形式。陳述句為否定附加疑問句為助動(dòng)詞肯定形式。He

needs

to

setoffnow,doesn’the?陳述句為否定用needHe

needn’t

setoff

now,need

he?He

doesn’tneed

to

set

offnow,does

he?dare陳述句為肯定用daren’tShe

dare

speakloudly

in

thepublic,daren’tshe?She

dares

tospeak

loudly

inthepublic,doesn’tshe?陳述句為否定用dareShe

daren’tspeak

loudly

inthe

public,dareshe?She

doesn’tdare

to

speakloudly

in

thepublic,does

she?*陳述句帶有need

和dare的反意疑問句*陳述句帶有must的反意疑問句,附加疑問句根據(jù)must后面的謂語采用相應(yīng)的形式。He

must

be

at

home,isn’t

he?You

must

have

read

this

book

before,haven’t

you?He

must

have

seen

her

yesterday,didn’t

he?*陳述句帶有usedto

或ought

to肯定形式的反意疑問句,附加疑問句的謂語可用兩種形式:used

to:usedn’t/didn’t+主語;ought

to:oughtn’t/shouldn’t+主語。

You

used

to

smoke,usedn’t/didn’t

you?He

ought

to

follow

her

advice,oughtn’t/shouldn’t

he?*陳述句帶有seldom,never,hardly,few,little,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否定意義的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用肯定形式。There

is

nobody

in

the

classroom,is

there?You

have

never

been

to

Beijing,have

you?*由there

be引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用there。There

are

six

people

in

the

house,aren’t

there?*復(fù)合從句的反意疑問句陳述句為帶有that的賓語從句,附加疑問句與主句一致。

She

says

that

Tom

is

an

honest

boy,doesn’t

she?

陳述句是復(fù)合句且主句主語不是第一人稱時(shí),附加疑問句與主句一致。He

believes

what

you

have

said,doesn’t

he?

當(dāng)主句為I

think(believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess)+賓語從句時(shí),附加疑問句與從句一致。I

think

he

is

right,isn’t

he?

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】由let’s引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句,包括聽話人在內(nèi)。由letus引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句,不包括聽話人在內(nèi)。need與dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)注意人稱和數(shù)的變化。陳述句帶有used

not

to

或ought

not

to的反意疑問句,附加疑問句的謂語可用兩種形式:used

not

to:used/did+主語;ought

not

to:ought/should+主語。主句為Idon’tthink(believe,suppose)+賓語從句時(shí),附加疑問句應(yīng)用肯定形式,如:I

don’t

think

he

will

goto

work

in

Shanghai,will

he?【例題詳析】(

)例2.You

needn’t

hand

in

your

compositionB.do

youD.don’t

younow,

?A.need

youC.needn’t

you【答案】A【解析】本題考查的是need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在反意疑問句中的用法,陳述句用needn’t表否定,附加疑問句應(yīng)用need+主語,即need

you?！倦S堂精練】( )2.She

dares

to

make

a

speech

in

theB.does

sheD.daren’t

shepublic,

?A.dare

sheC.doesn’t

she【答案】C3.祈使句祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等,一般將主語省略。(1)肯定祈使句Open

your

books,please!(2)否定祈使句Don’t

be

so

careless

again!4.感嘆句感嘆句用來表示高興、懇求、贊嘆、驚奇等情緒。what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+名詞What

a

pity!What+a/an+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語What

a

polite

boy

he

is!how引導(dǎo)How+主語+謂語How

the

wind

blows!How+形容詞/副詞How

heavy

(the

rain

is)!How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語How

fast

he

runs!【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),應(yīng)將a/an省略。注意區(qū)分由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的名詞成分,如:Howinteresting

a

book

it

is!此句中的book作為a后所接名詞。How

interesting

the

book

is!此句中的book則作為主語?！纠}詳析】(

)例3.

water

it

is!A.What

clear B.How

a

clearC.How

clear D.What

a

good【答案】A【解析】本題考查的是“What+a/an+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)的感嘆句,water為不可數(shù)名詞,前面不用加冠詞?！倦S堂精練】(

)3.

fine

the

weather

is!D.How

aA.What

a

B.What

C.How【答案】B5.存在句存在句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Therebe+名詞+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語,遵循就近原則。There

is

a

desk

and

three

chairs

in

the

room.There

are

three

chairs

and

a

desk

in

the

room.三、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)語法選擇( )1.Andy

grew

angry.A.主+謂+賓+狀C.主+系+表B.主+謂+狀D.狀+主+謂【答案】C【解析】Andy為主語,grew為grow的過去式,為連系動(dòng)詞,angry為表語。(

)2.—

is

your

uncle?—He

is

a

doctor.A.Who

B.Which

C.Where

D.What【答案】D【解析】由答句可知該題詢問的是職業(yè),所以選what,結(jié)構(gòu)為what+be+主語。(

)3.—

did

your

brother

lend

the

bike

to?—Lily.A.Who

B.Whose

C.Whom

D.How【答案】C【解析】lend...to...為借出,問句主語為yourbrother,答句中的Lily作為lend的賓語,應(yīng)使用賓格whom。(

)4.—

shirt

is

it?—It’s

Tom’s.B.WhatD.WhichA.WhoseC.Whom【答案】A【解析】由答句Tom’s可知問句問的是shirt是誰的,故應(yīng)用whose。( )5.The

film

that

we

saw

yesterday

was

veryB.weren’t

weD.didn’t

weboring,

?A.was

itC.wasn’t

it【答案】C【解析】陳述句帶有was肯定形式的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用其否定形式,即wasn’t。( )6.Ann

can

speak

English

very

fluently,

?B.doesn’t

sheD.does

sheA.can’t

sheC.can

she【答案】A【解析】陳述句帶有can肯定形式的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用其否定形式,即can’t。(

)7.He’s

already

reached

the

destination,

?A.is

heC.hasn’t

heB.has

heD.isn’t

he【答案】C【解析】He’s為Hehas的縮略形式,陳述句帶有has肯定形式的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用其否定形式,即hasn’t。( )8.Let

us

go

to

the

zoo

tomorrow

morning,

?A.will

youC.shall

weB.don’t

youD.do

we【答案】A【解析】由letus引導(dǎo)的祈使句的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用will

you。( )9.The

girl

dare

not

go

out

at

night

alone,

?A.doesn’t

sheC.daren’t

sheB.does

sheD.dare

she【答案】D【解析】由darenot...可知dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。陳述句帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare否定形式的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用其肯定形式,即dare。(

)10.You

seldom

get

up

late

at

weekends,

?B.do

youD.aren’t

youA.don’t

youC.are

you【答案】B【解析】陳述句帶有seldom表否定意義的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用肯定形式。此句帶有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,且主語為

you,故附加疑問句應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞do。(

)11.There

is

something

wrong

with

thisB.is

thereD.isn’t

theremachine,

?A.isn’t

itC.is

it【答案】D【解析】由there

be引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句,附加疑問句亦應(yīng)用

there。陳述句為肯定形式,附加疑問句應(yīng)用否定形式。( )12.Open

the

window

to

let

the

fresh

air

comeB.don’t

youD.won’t

youin,

?A.will

youC.do

you【答案】A【解析】陳述句為肯定祈使句表請(qǐng)求的反意疑問句,附加疑問句應(yīng)用will

you。(

)13.Tom

said

that

you

would

go

hiking

onB.wouldn’t

youD.did

heSunday

morning,

?A.would

youC.didn’t

he【答案】C【解析】陳述句為帶有that賓語從句的反意疑問句,附加疑問句與主句一致。該陳述句主語為Tom,謂語為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的肯定形式,故附加疑問句應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞過去式的否定形式,即didn’t。( )14.I

don’t

believe

he

is

right,

?B.do

ID.isn’t

heA.is

heC.don’t

I【答案】A【解析】陳述句為Idon’tthink+賓語從句的反意疑問句,附加疑問句與從句一致,并用肯定形式。該句從句主語為he,謂語為is,故應(yīng)用is

he。(

)15.

lovely

birthday

gifts!A.What

a

B.What C.What

an

D.How【答案】B【解析】該題考查“What+a/an+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的感嘆句,由于gifts為復(fù)數(shù),故無需加a。(二)完成句子根據(jù)漢語提示,完成下列句子。

!(那個(gè)男孩真聰明啊!)【答案】How

clever

that

boy

is【解析】考查“How+形容詞+主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)的感嘆句,the

bo