高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctivemood)

概念:

一種表示愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣，用來(lái)表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者可能性很小的情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣分五個(gè)部分

一、三條公式二、省略倒裝三、錯(cuò)綜句四、含蓄條件句五、特殊（其他）情況一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三條公式（動(dòng)詞形式對(duì)應(yīng)）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形did/wereshould+動(dòng)詞原形weretodohaddonewould/could/should/mignthavedone【跟蹤演練】1.要是我上個(gè)學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的話，我就不會(huì)考試失敗了。2.假如他今晚能回來(lái)的話，他也許會(huì)給你一些建議。IfIhadstudiedEnglishhardlastterm,Iwouldn’thavefailedtheexam.Ifheweretocomebackthisevening,hemightgiveyousomeadvice.3.要是我是你，我明天就向老師道歉。4.要是我是你，我就聽老師的建議。IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetotheteachertomorrow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowtheteacher’sadvice.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句的省略倒裝如果if從句中含有should,had,were時(shí)，則可以省略if，把這三個(gè)詞放于句首（if溜，had,should,were句首走）1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldattendtheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldattendtheparty.2.Ifitweretorain,whatwouldyoudo?→------------------?3.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.→Wereittorain,Hadyoucomeearlier1._____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.Iwere

C.WereI

D.WasI【跟蹤演練】2._____difficulties,wewouldbesuccessful.

A.ShouldweovercomeB.WouldweovercomeC.MightweovercomeD.Couldweovercome

3._____theexam,hewouldhaveattendedcollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass4._____fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive找準(zhǔn)時(shí)間靈活對(duì)應(yīng)三、錯(cuò)綜句：(主從句時(shí)態(tài)不一致）1.Ifthey

hadstudied

hard,they

coulddo

iteasilynow.2.Ifhe

hadnottaken

myadvice,he

wouldn’tdo

itmuchbetterlikethis.3.IfI

wereyou,I

wouldhavegone

toherbirthdayparty.【跟蹤演練】翻譯：（2013北京）1.如果我們?cè)缫稽c(diǎn)訂了桌子，我們就不會(huì)再這兒排隊(duì)了(standinaqueue)2.如果我是你的話，我早就出國(guó)了。Ifwehadbookedthetableearlier,wewouldnotbestandinghereIfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegoneabroad.四、含蓄條件句當(dāng)條件句被without,otherwise,or，butfor等詞匯或短語(yǔ)替代時(shí)，就叫做含蓄條件句1.Without

sunlight,people’slife

wouldbe

differentfromthattoday.2.Butfor

yourhelp,I

wouldn’thavefinished

thework.3.I’mgladthatIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise

I

wouldhavefailed

theexam.【跟蹤演練】1.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____________________thesportsmeet....否則我早參加了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。2.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_________quitedifficult.A.isB.willbeC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen

wouldhavetakenpartinC五、其他虛擬情況1.表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時(shí)，名詞性從句用(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形。(1)一堅(jiān)持：insist、(2)二命令：order,command(3)三要求：request,require,demand(4)四建議：動(dòng)詞advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名詞advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)【注意】(1)suggest意為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(2)insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！就卣寡由臁?.Thedoctor

suggestedthathe

(should）be

operatedonatonce.2.Hislooksuggested

thathestayed

uplateyesterday.3.Tominsisted

thathewas

innocentand

besetfree.2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-clause

從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形如：Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.3.wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish+thatHowIwishdid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過去would/might/coulddo將來(lái)(1)我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）IwishI

remembered

theaddress.(2)要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）HowIwishhe

hadnotleft.(3)要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人已預(yù)料到明天不會(huì)下雨）Iwishit

wouldrain

tomorrow.4.asif/though+clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來(lái):did/werehaddonewould+動(dòng)詞原形Shelovesthebabyasifit

were

herownson.Hespeaksasifhe

hadbeento

theUnitedStates.4.asif/though+clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來(lái):did/werehaddonewould+動(dòng)詞原形Shelovesthebabyasifit

were

herownson.Hespeaksasifhe

hadbeento

theUnitedStates.5.ifonly要是...就好了

ifonly(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)）thatsbdid...（過去）thatsbhaddoneIfonlyIhadpassedthedrivingtestlastweek!6.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)：過去：過去式過去完成式（1）Iwouldratheryou

paid

menow.（2）Iwouldratheryou

hadgone,too.（3）Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

came

tomorrow.【跟蹤演練】（1）我真希望你告訴我真相。I’dratheryou

toldmethetruth.（2）我寧愿不再見到你。I’dratherI

didn’tsee

youagain.（3）我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldratherthey

went

withme.7.It’s(about/high)time+that過去式should+v.我們?cè)撊ニX了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.8.祝愿語(yǔ)

Godblessyou!LonglivethePRC!【高考鏈接】1.(2012?北京高考)Don’thandlethevaseasifit_____madeofsteel.A.is B.were C.hasbeen D.hadbeen【解析】選B?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。句意：不要把那個(gè)花瓶當(dāng)成是鋼鐵做的那樣處理。asif引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，常用were代替was。2.(2012?陜西高考)Ifmycar____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.was B.hadbeenC.shouldbe D.wouldbe【解析】選B?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。句意：假如我的車再可靠點(diǎn)的話，去年夏天我就不會(huì)坐飛機(jī)而是自駕去拉薩了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastsummer可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。所以if從句用“haddone”，主句用“wouldhavedone”。1.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring2.

HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.hadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.havetriedD.didn’ttry【課堂訓(xùn)練】3.Hedemandedthatthelabo