Unit2TheenvironmentUnit2Theenvironment1【誦讀·積累】

(2012·福建高考)假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報的小記者,以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞,請根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求:1.描述漫畫內(nèi)容;

2.發(fā)表個人感想?！菊b讀·積累】2MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlaces

LastSunday,Iwentsightseeing

withmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.Theparkwasfulloffreshnessandbeautyofspring,withthesunshiningandbirdssinging.①Iwasenjoyingthefantasticsceneryaroundwhensomethingunpleasantcaughtmyeye.Ayoungcoupleinaboatwereeating,talkingandlaughingMindYourBehaviorinPublicP3loudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.What’sworse,②theyspatandeventhrewrubbishintothelake,totallyignoringthenoticeablesign“NoLittering”nearby.Whatashame!loudlyasiftheyweretheonl4

Suchbehaviorleftmedeepinthought.IfallvisitorstotheFairyLakeParkdoasthecoupledid,thelakewillbeseverelypollutedandsoonturnedintoahugedustbin.Ithinkallofusshouldmindourbehaviorinpublicplaces.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.Suchbehaviorleftmedeep5【嘗試運(yùn)用】詞匯翻譯引起某人的注意______________________丟棄垃圾__________________忽視,不理______嚴(yán)重地_______

catchone’seye/attentionthrowlitter/rubbishignoreseverely【嘗試運(yùn)用】catchone’seye/attentio6句式演練(1)用while句式改寫句①____________________________________________________________________________(2)用asif改寫句②_______________________________________________________________________________________________________WhileIwasenjoyingthefantasticsceneryaround,somethingunpleasantcaughtmyeye.Theyspatandeventhrewrubbishintothelakeasifthenoticeablesign“NoLittering”nearbywasnotthereatall.句式演練WhileIwasenjoyingthef7一句多譯如果所有參觀仙女湖的游客都像這對夫婦這樣做的話，它會變成一個垃圾成堆的地方。①______________________________________________________________________________________________②____________________________________________________________________________________________IfallvisitorstotheFairyLakefollowedthecouple’sexample,itwillbecoveredwithrubbisheverywhere.IfallvisitorstotheFairyLakejustbehavelikethecouple,itwillbecomeaplaceasdirtyasarubbishbin.一句多譯IfallvisitorstotheFai8Ⅰ.單詞盤點(diǎn)核心速記1.______(n.&vi.)辯論；爭論，討論2.______(vt.&vi.)回收利用3.______(n.)贊揚(yáng)，稱贊，認(rèn)可；信用，信譽(yù)；學(xué)分4.________(n.)數(shù)量5.______(vt.&n.)逮捕6._______(vi.&n.)沖突，抵觸,矛盾debaterecyclecreditquantityarrestconflictⅠ.單詞盤點(diǎn)debaterecyclecreditquan97.________(vt.&vi.)減少(n.)減少8.________(n.)措施，方法；尺度(vt.)測量；估量，判定9._____(n.)范圍；一系列；山脈(vi.)(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括;排列，排序10.___________(n.)(對自然環(huán)境的)保護(hù)11._________(adj.)專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的；挑剔的12.______(n.)十年decreasemeasurerangeconservationparticulardecade7.________(vt.&vi.)減少10聯(lián)想串記13._________(n.)顧問→_______(v.)查閱；請教；商議14.__________(n.)產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→________(v.)生產(chǎn)，創(chuàng)作(n.)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品→_______(n.)產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物→__________(adj.)多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的15.____________(n.)責(zé)任，職責(zé)→__________(adj.)負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的16._____(n.)看法;信念→______(v.)相信，信任17._______(vt.&vi.)經(jīng)營；動手術(shù)→_________(n.)操作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)→________(n.)操作員；話務(wù)員consultantconsultproductionproduceproductproductiveresponsibilityresponsiblebeliefbelieveoperateoperationoperator聯(lián)想串記consultantconsultproductio1118._______(vt.)使印象深刻→__________(n.)印象→___________(adj.)給人深刻印象的，感人的19.______(adj.)違法的，非法的→_______(adv.)違法地，非法地20.__________(vt.)欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會→___________(n.)欣賞；鑒別；感激21.________(vt.)消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)→_________(n.)消費(fèi)者，用戶，顧客22.______(vt.)吸收；理解；使全神貫注→________(adj.)全神貫注的；一心一意的；被吸收的impressimpressionimpressiveillegalillegallyappreciateappreciationconsumeconsumerabsorbabsorbed18._______(vt.)使印象深刻→________12Ⅱ.短語互譯1.自由發(fā)言____________2.減少，削減，縮減__________3.四處打聽__________4.用盡______5.用完，耗盡__________openthefloorcutbackonaskarounduseuprunout(of)Ⅱ.短語互譯openthefloorcutback136.打掃(或清除)干凈________7.挖出，挖掘______8.對……造成破壞_________________9.撿起，收拾_______10.queueup_________cleanupdigupcause/dodamagetopickup排隊等候6.打掃(或清除)干凈1411.pickout___________12.put...indanger_____________________13.underway_______14.in/withregardto___________15.blame...on..._________________找出，挑選把……置于危險的境地進(jìn)行中關(guān)于，至于把……歸咎于……11.pickout1516.letoff_____17.inparticular___________18.doone’spart_____________19.asenseofsatisfaction_______20.raiseconcern_________排放尤其，特別盡自己的職責(zé)滿足感引起關(guān)注16.letoff16Ⅲ.句型透視1.“介詞短語”位于句首引導(dǎo)的完全倒裝句___________(和我在一起的是)MsLinShuiqing,fromtheGreenSociety,andMrQianLiwei,abusinessdevelopmentconsultant.2.way+定語從句FirstIamtalkingtoyoutodayabout______________________________________________________(世界上許多地區(qū)被化學(xué)廢棄物破壞的方式).WithmearethewayvastareasoftheworldaredamagedbychemicalwasteⅢ.句型透視Withmearethewayvast173.現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語Othertypesofwasteflowintoourwater,_____________________(使河流和海洋生命喪生).4.表示倍數(shù)的句式Theworld’spopulationhasgrownby_________________________(1800年的六倍).killingriverandseasixtimeswhatitwasin1800life3.現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語killingriverand185.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句Peopleoften_________________(有這樣的信念)developmentisbadfortheenvironment,butthisdoesnothavetobetrue.6.One’saimistodo某人的目標(biāo)是做……________________(我的人生目標(biāo)是)savetheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.havethisbeliefthatMyaiminlifeisto5.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句havethisbelie197.Whatif...?如果……將會怎么樣？_________________________(如果他們用完空間會怎樣)？8.nor引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句ThisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewhorelyontheYangtzeRiverforwater.____________________(對……來說也不是好消息)thewiderangeoffishandwildlifethatliveinoralongtheriver.9.Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……____________________(毫無疑問)theworldclimatehasbeenchanginginrecentyears.WhatiftheyrunoutofspaceNorisitgoodnewsforThereisnodoubtthat7.Whatif...?如果……將會怎么樣？Wh20Ⅳ.語篇完形

MsLinShuiqingfromtheGreenSocietyandMrQianLiwei,abusinessdevelopment1._________havebeeninvitedtobepresentata2.______named“Theeconomyortheenvironment—mustwechoose?”MsLinShuiqinggaveherviewonthewayvastareasoftheworldaredamagedbychemicalwaste,whichiskillingmanyplantsandanimals.Soitisour3.____totrytocutbackon4.__________andreduceconsultantdebatedutyproductionⅣ.語篇完形consultantdebatedutypro21thenumberofthingswemakeandbuyaswellastheamountofrubbishweproduce.Itwouldbegoodtoteachpeoplewaysoflivingthatdon’tharmthe5.___________.

MrQianLiweithinksthatitiswrongtothinkthatgreedybusinessmenhidefromtheir6._____________andonlyworryaboutmoneyandthatdevelopmentisbadfortheenvironment.Ahealthyenvironmentanddevelopmentshouldbepossibleatthesametime.Manyfactoriesandindustriesareverycarefultospendmoney7._________anydamagetheyenvironmentresponsibilitiesrepairingthenumberofthingswemakea22cause.Peopleshouldstopthinkingofcompaniesand8.___________astheenemy.Hedoesagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfrom9.________materials.Wealsoneedbetterlawsto10.________theenvironment.Thosefactoriespollutingtheenvironmentshouldhavetopayhighertaxes.businessmenrecycledpreservecause.Peopleshouldstopthin231.用所給詞匯的正確形式完成句子(1)HewenttoShanghaitobuysome________equipment.(electricity)(2)What_________usmostisthatthedogissoloyaltoitsmaster.(impression)(3)Thehigherpostyouhold,themore____________youwillhavetotake.(responsible)electricalimpressedresponsibility1.用所給詞匯的正確形式完成句子electricalimp24(4)Westillholdthe_____thatwestillhavealongwaytogotomakeourworldclean.(believe)(5)Manyroadsareinbadconditionandaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroad___________isconsideredthemostdangerouspartoftheroads.(particularly)beliefinparticular(4)Westillholdthe_____tha252.選用句型透視中的句式仿寫句子(1)專家建議農(nóng)民改變他們傳統(tǒng)的耕作土地的方式。Theexpertssuggestedthatthefarmersshouldchange___________________________________.(2)這座小鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在是幾年前的五倍大。Thesmalltownisnow_________________________________severalyearsago.thetraditionalwaytheyfarmtheirlandfivetimesthesizeofwhatitusedtobe2.選用句型透視中的句式仿寫句子thetradition26(3)這項工程的目的是幫助那些患有語言障礙的兒童。____________________________thosechildrenwhosufferfromspeechproblems.(4)如果我們的建議遭到經(jīng)理的拒絕怎么辦呢？_______oursuggestionisturneddownbythemanager?(5)毫無疑問，我們將更精于如何保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。____________________wewillbecomesmarterabouthowtoprotectourenvironment.TheaimoftheprojectistohelpWhatifThereisnodoubtthat(3)這項工程的目的是幫助那些患有語言障礙的兒童。Thea27核心考點(diǎn)impress3年1考range3年1考particular3年3考runout(of)3年2考核impress3年1考range3年1考particula281.responsibilityn.責(zé)任，職責(zé)(1)senseofresponsibility責(zé)任感，責(zé)任心bear/takeresponsibilityfor對……負(fù)責(zé)(2)responsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)任的，有責(zé)任的beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)1.responsibilityn.責(zé)任，職責(zé)29①Itisessentialtodevelopthechildren’ssenseof

responsibilityatschool.在校(期間)，培養(yǎng)孩子們的責(zé)任感是極其重要的。②Theoldcouplewouldhaveto___________________________raisingthethreechildren.這對老夫婦不得不承擔(dān)起撫養(yǎng)三個孩子的責(zé)任。③Nodriverclaimed__________________theseveretrafficaccident.沒有司機(jī)聲稱對這起嚴(yán)重的交通事故負(fù)責(zé)。take/beartheresponsibilityfortoberesponsiblefor①Itisessentialtodevelopth302.beliefn.看法;信念①Hardaslifeis,hehasbeliefinhisfuture.盡管生活艱辛，他對未來依然充滿信心。②Hecametousinthebeliefthatwecouldhelphimoutofthetrouble.他來到我們這里，相信我們能幫助他擺脫困境。2.beliefn.看法;信念31③Manyteachersholdabeliefthatextendedstudyingtimedoesn’tnecessarilyimprovetheirstudents’grades.許多老師相信，延長學(xué)習(xí)時間不一定能提高學(xué)生的成績。④ATVsetusedtobesomethingthatwasquitebeyondbelief.電視機(jī)過去曾是難以置信的東西。③Manyteachersholdabelieft32【歸納】寫出下列短語的含義havebeliefin_____________have/holdabeliefthat..._______________________inthebeliefthat..._________beyondbelief___________對……有信心相信……，有……的信念相信……難以置信的【歸納】寫出下列短語的含義對……有信心相信……，有……的信念333.impressvt.使印象深刻，壓印，蓋?。皇广懹?，使牢記vi.給人留下印象，使人注意(1)beimpressedby/with被……打動；對……有深刻印象impresssth.onone’smind/memory把某事銘記在心impresssth.on/uponsb./impresson/uponsb.sth.使某人銘記某事Whatimpressedsb.mostis/was...令某人印象最深刻的是……3.impressvt.使印象深刻，壓印，蓋?。皇广懹?4(2)impressionn.印象make/leaveadeepimpressiononsb./one’smemory給某人留下深刻的印象thefirstimpression第一印象(2)impression35①I____________________hiswonderfulperformance.他的精彩表演給我留下了深刻的印象。②______________________washisabilitytodealwithcrisis.給我印象最深的是他應(yīng)對危機(jī)的能力。③Ihadalwaysimpresseduponthechildrenthatiftheyworkedhardtheywouldsucceed.我總是讓孩子們銘記，如果他們努力工作，就會取得成功。④Everyonewasdressedintheirbestclothes,eagertomakeagoodimpressiononus.每個人都穿著他們最好的衣服，渴望給我們留下好的印象。wasimpressedby/withWhatimpressedmemost①I____________________his36【高考鏈接】(2012·山東高考)Myfirst_______ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.A.expressionB.attentionC.satisfactionD.impression【解析】選D?？疾槊~。句意:我對他的第一印象是他是一個善良且有思想的年輕人。expression表達(dá),表示,表情;attention注意,留心;satisfaction滿意,滿足;impression印象。由句意可知選D。【高考鏈接】374.measuren.措施，方法;尺度vt.測量;估量，判定(1)measuresth.bysth. 用……來衡量……bemeasuredby/in 用……來衡量/計算(2)takemeasurestodosth. 采取措施做某事makesth.toone’sownmeasure 為某人量身訂做某物beyondmeasure 不可估量4.measuren.措施，方法;尺度38①Anearthquakemeasuring5.7magnitudeontheRichterscalehitYiliangonSeptember7,2012.2012年9月7日一場測定為5.7級的地震襲擊了彝良。②Mumalwaysmakesclothestothechild’smeasure.媽媽總是根據(jù)孩子的尺寸做衣服。③Thelossfromtheearthquakeisquitebeyondmeasure.地震所帶來的損失難以估算。①Anearthquakemeasuring5.739④Thegovernmentis_____________________controlthepricesofthehouses.政府正在采取嚴(yán)格的措施來控制房價。⑤Thenewsuspensionbridgeismeasuredmorethan3,000meterslong.(改錯)答案：ismeasured改為measures。takingstrictmeasuresto④Thegovernmentis__________40【點(diǎn)津】(1)measure作名詞表示“措施”時，常在短語中用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)measure表示“某物有多長(寬、高)”時，為不及物動詞，其后接表示事物長(寬、高)的度量名詞，不用于被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài)；如果表示此意義的短語用作后置定語，要用v.-ing形式。

【點(diǎn)津】(1)measure作名詞表示“措施”時，常在短語中415.rangen.(變動)范圍，幅度；一系列;射程；山脈vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序①Someofthequestionsinthepaperarebeyondtherangeofthecoursesthestudentsaretakingnow.試卷中的一些問題超出了學(xué)生們正在學(xué)習(xí)的課程范圍。②Hislecturecoversawiderangeofsocialissuesweareconcernedabout.他的講座涉及一系列我們所關(guān)心的社會問題。5.rangen.(變動)范圍，幅度；一系列;射程；42③Thepricesofthelatestsmartphonesrangefrom￥200to￥4,000online.網(wǎng)上最新智能手機(jī)的價格從200元到4，000元不等。③Thepricesofthelatestsmar43【歸納】寫出下列短語___________________在……范圍內(nèi)_______________________超出……的范圍_______________一系列的，大范圍的_________________從……到……之間變化in/withintherangeofoutof/beyondtherangeofa(wide)rangeofrangefrom...to...【歸納】寫出下列短語in/withintherange44【高考鏈接】(2010·湖北高考)Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswide_______offoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle【解析】選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于有廣泛的食物(選擇)適合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，這家餐館已經(jīng)很受歡迎了。由定語從句thatsuitalltastesandpockets可以判定所選詞應(yīng)表示“(選擇)范圍”，因此選擇C項。division分開，分擔(dān)；area面積，地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域；circle圓圈，環(huán)形物。均不符合題意?！靖呖兼溄印?56.appreciatevt.欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會appreciatesb./sth.欣賞某人/某物；高度評價某人/某物；理解某人/某物appreciate(one’s)doingsth.感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……，我會感激不盡的6.appreciatevt.欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會46①(2012·湖北高考)Ijustwishmorepeoplewouldappreciatewhatthey’vegot.我只是希望更多的人會感激他們已經(jīng)擁有的東西。②Hisgreatabilitywasuniversallyappreciated.他的杰出才能獲得了普遍贊賞。③Onecan’tappreciateaholidaywithoutworkinghardforsometime.不辛勤工作一段時間，就不能真正體會到假日的樂趣。①(2012·湖北高考)Ijustwishmorep47④Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)=Iwould______________youcouldcallbackthisafternoon.如果今天下午你能打來電話，我將會非常感激。appreciateitif④Iwouldappreciateyourcalli48【熟詞生義】讀句子猜含義Itisdifficulttoappreciatehowbadthesituationhasbecome.()理解【熟詞生義】讀句子猜含義理解497.consumevt.消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)；吃光，喝光觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義①Hehasagoodappetiteandcanconsumeapoundofhotdogs.()②Someofthemostefficientrefrigeratorsconsume70percentlesselectricitythantraditionalmodels.()③Hehadconsumedthebestyearsofhislifeinprison.()④Shewasconsumedwithcuriosity.()⑤Theboyconsumesmuchofhistimeinchattingonline.()吃光消耗浪費(fèi)使充滿花費(fèi)，使用7.consumevt.消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)；吃光，喝光508.particularadj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的①ThereisoneparticularpatientI’dlikeyoutosee.有一位特別的病人，我想讓你接待。②—Isthereanythingparticularyou’dlikefordinner?——正餐你有什么特別喜歡的菜嗎？—No,nothinginparticular.——沒有，什么都行。③Heisveryparticularaboutthematerialsforthedecoration.他對裝修所用的材料特別挑剔。8.particularadj.專指的，特指的；特別的51【歸納】寫出下列短語___________尤其，特別_________________對……講究，挑剔inparticularbeparticularabout【歸納】寫出下列短語inparticularbepart529.absorbvt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注①M(fèi)uchtoooftenshemerelyabsorbshalfofwhattheteachersaysinclass.她經(jīng)常對老師在課堂上所講的只是一知半解。②Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthesoil.植物從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，從土壤中吸收水分。③Hewassoabsorbedinabookthathedidnothearthebell.他如此專心致志地讀書以致沒聽見鈴響。9.absorbvt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注53【歸納】寫出下列短語________________從……吸收……_______________________全神貫注于(做)某事，專注于(做)某事absorb...from...beabsorbedin(doing)sth.【歸納】寫出下列短語absorb...from..54【點(diǎn)津】beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常以過去分詞作狀語的形式出現(xiàn)，這一用法是高考命題和各種模擬測試的一個重點(diǎn)。復(fù)習(xí)時注意類似短語的用法，它們是：befacedwith,besatisfiedwith,bedeterminedtodo,beconvincedthat,bedevotedto,beburiedin,beaccustomedto,belostin等。

【點(diǎn)津】beabsorbedin(doing)sth55④___________________hewasreading,hefailedtonoticetheteacherstandingbesidehim.因為全神貫注于他所讀的小說，他沒有注意到老師就站在他身邊。Absorbedinthenovel④___________________hewas5610.cutbackon減少，削減，縮減①Tomakebothendsmeet,thecouplehadnochoicebuttocutbackonsomeunnecessaryspending.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)收支平衡，這對夫婦沒有別的選擇，只能減少一些不必要的開支。②Moreschoolsarenowencouragedtocutbackontraditionalteachingandtopersonalizeteaching.現(xiàn)在更多的學(xué)校被鼓勵減少傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式，開始個性化教學(xué)。10.cutbackon減少，削減，縮減57【拓展】補(bǔ)全下列“cut+adv./prep.”短語cut__插嘴；打斷；插入；超車cut_____砍倒，減少，削減cut___切斷(供應(yīng))，中斷(電話通話等)cut___剪下；刪去，刪除cut___切碎indownoffoutup【拓展】補(bǔ)全下列“cut+adv./prep.”短語in5811.runout(of)用完，耗盡①Hislectureismuchtooboring.Mypatienceisrunningout.他講的課太無聊了。我快沒有耐心了。②Ifwerunoutofallournaturalresources,howcanwefaceourfuturegenerations?如果我們耗盡了所有的自然資源，我們將如何面對未來的子子孫孫？11.runout(of)用完，耗盡59【辨析】理解下列區(qū)別并選詞填空runout用完，耗盡

不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等，還可表示文件、協(xié)議到期

runoutof用完

及物動詞短語，其主語一般為人

giveout耗盡，用完

不及物動詞短語，其主語通常是物

useup

用光，用完

及物動詞短語，其主語一般為人

【辨析】理解下列區(qū)別并選詞填空runout用完，不及物動詞60③Accordingtotheruleofthecompetition,wehaveto______alltheitemsbeforethetime________.However,itisalongandtiringprocess.Asaresult,thatday,longbeforeI________thetimegivenbythejudge,mystrengthhad________.Whatadisappointment!useuprunsoutranoutofgivenout③Accordingtotheruleofthe61【高考鏈接】(2012·江蘇高考)—OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.—Youcan’t_______yourresponsibilities.A.runoffwithB.runupagainstC.runoutofD.runawayfrom【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~短語。句意：——好吧，我受夠了。我放棄?！悴荒芴颖茇?zé)任。A項表示“攜帶……逃跑”；B項表示“意外地碰到(困難)或偶然碰到(人)”；C項表示“用光，耗盡”；D項表示“逃避，避開”?！靖呖兼溄印?212.pickout找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出；弄明白，領(lǐng)會；使明顯，使突出觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義①IhavetopickoutitsmeaningwiththehelpofanEnglishtranslation.()②Ihavebeenpickedouttorepresentthewholeteam.()③Alltheimportantsentencesinthearticlewerepickedoutinredlines.()④Writteninhaste,thewordsinthepaperwerehardtopickout.()弄明白，領(lǐng)會挑選出使明顯，使突出分辨出12.pickout找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出；弄明白，領(lǐng)會；6313.underway進(jìn)行中①Theconstructionofthesuspensionbridgeisunderway.吊橋建設(shè)正在進(jìn)行中。13.underway進(jìn)行中64【點(diǎn)津】介詞under構(gòu)成的短語，如果它的賓語是表示動作的名詞，通常含有被動意義，意為“在……過程中”。這種介詞短語在句中常作表語，也可作補(bǔ)足語或定語。

【點(diǎn)津】介詞under構(gòu)成的短語，如果它的賓語是表示動作的名65據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面的句子②Severalnewrailwaysareunder___________(建設(shè))inChina.③Howmuchmoneyweshouldspendonendangeredtigersisunder__________(討論).④Thehouseunder______(修理)isourclassroom.⑤Therequesttobuyavideoforeachclassroomisunder____________(考慮).constructiondiscussionrepairconsideration據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面的句子constructiondiscus6614.Theworld’spopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.世界人口比1800年已經(jīng)增長了六倍。本句為倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型。本句型有下列幾種形式:(1)倍數(shù)+as+原級+as...(2)倍數(shù)+比較級+than...(3)倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height/...+of...(4)倍數(shù)+what從句(5)倍數(shù)+thatof...14.Theworld’spopulationhas67①Thisbigstoneis____________________thatone.這塊大石頭的重量是那塊的三倍。②Thishillis____________________thatsmallone.這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。threetimesasheavyasfourtimestheheightof①Thisbigstoneis__________68【點(diǎn)津】在表示“兩倍”時要用double或twice,三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”。倍數(shù)有時也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half等來替換。

【點(diǎn)津】在表示“兩倍”時要用double或twice,三倍6915.Peopleoftenhavethisbeliefthatdevelopmentisbadfortheenvironment,butthisdoesnothavetobetrue.人們常常認(rèn)為發(fā)展對環(huán)境有害，但這不一定正確。15.Peopleoftenhavethisbel70同位語從句定義英語中有些抽象名詞往往要求用從句的形式來解釋或說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，在邏輯上與前面的名詞為同位關(guān)系，這種從句稱為同位語從句

引導(dǎo)詞

同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞包括that(不充當(dāng)成分，除在賓語從句中外均不可省略)，who,why,how,whether,when,what等(均在同位語從句中充當(dāng)具體成分)

常可接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的名詞

fact,news,word,advice,demand,suggestion,doubt,hope,promise,problem,message,order,truth,view,request,wish,idea,possibility,chance，evidence

同位語從句定義英語中有些抽象名詞往往要求用從句的形式來解釋或71仿寫句子①他登上月球的消息傳遍了全世界。Thenews____________________________spreadallovertheworld.②這種新藥可能對他們的心臟有副作用。Thereisachance__________________________________________________.thathehadlandedonthemoonthatthenewmedicinewillhavesideeffectsontheirhearts仿寫句子thathehadlandedonthe72【點(diǎn)津】注意同位語從句的分隔現(xiàn)象。例如：AstorygoesthatElizabethⅠofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.有傳說說英國的伊麗莎白一世最喜歡身邊圍著宮廷的那些聰明優(yōu)秀的貴族們?！军c(diǎn)津】注意同位語從句的分隔現(xiàn)象。例如：73句中的“ElizabethⅠofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.”是主語Astory的同位語。由于該同位語較長而謂語較短,為保持句子平衡,謂語動詞goes放在了主語與同位語從句之間，造成同位語從句與主語的分隔。

句中的“ElizabethⅠofEnglandliked74【高考鏈接】(2011·天津高考)Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence________smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where【解析】選C。考查名詞性從句。句意：現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已給出了明顯的證據(jù):吸煙會導(dǎo)致許多疾病。smokingcanleadtomanydiseases是evidence的內(nèi)容，evidence在此句中不作成分，此句是個完整的句子，不缺成分，是同位語從句，所以選引導(dǎo)詞that。what,which和where需要在句子中作成分。【高考鏈接】75letoff排放，準(zhǔn)許暫停工作；寬恕①Carsletoffalotofwastegases,whichdodamagetotheenvironment.汽車排放出很多破壞環(huán)境的廢氣。②Wewillneverlethimoffforthewrongshehasdonetous.因為他對我們所做的有罪過，我們永遠(yuǎn)不會寬恕他。letoff排放，準(zhǔn)許暫停工作；寬恕76【拓展】寫出下列短語的漢語意思letout_________________letsb.down___________letgo___________letalone_________放出；泄露；出租使某人失望放手，釋放更不用說【拓展】寫出下列短語的漢語意思放出；泄露；出租使某人失望放手77Ⅰ.用所給詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空consultant,cutbackon,recycled,responsibility,quantity,illegal,queueup,appreciate,consume,absorb1.Theelectricitythehouseholds________isincreasingyearbyyear.2.Alarge________ofwastegasesissentintotheairwhenwearedriving.consumequantityⅠ.用所給詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空consumequanti783.Asacareer_________,heofferedthefreshgraduatesalotofusefulandpracticaladviceontheirfuturecareerchoices.4.Thefoodpricesaregoingup,sowewill__________theuseofsomeexpensivevegetables.5.Itisforbiddentosellgunsanywhere_______.6.Thehigherpositionyouareholding,themore____________youhave.consultantcutbackonillegallyresponsibility3.Asacareer_________,heo797.Theyhaverecentlymadeanewkindoftoysoutofthe________materials.8.We_________infrontoftheshop,eagertogetthelatestiPhone5.9.Noteveryone’stalentcanbe___________byothers.10.To______theknowledgetaughtbytheteacher,wemusthaveabetterunderstandingofwhatisbeingtaughtthen.recycledqueuedupappreciatedabsorb7.Theyhaverecentlymadean80Ⅱ.完成句子1.TheInternethaschanged_________________________